RESEARCH TOPIC:

“ASSESSING
TIME
MANAGEMENT
SKILLS OF THE
STUDENTS”
Michael Cye R. Salem
Mico Embay
Michael dela Torre
Ariel Joaquino
NAME
CHAPTER I:
Background of the Study
Time is defined as the duration in which all things happen, or a precise instant

that something happens.It is also the the measured or measurable period during

which an action, process, or condition exists or continue.  Time can be considered

to be the fourth dimension of reality, used to describe events in three-dimensional

space. It is not something we can see, touch, or taste, but we can measure its

passage.(ThoughtCo 2019)

The secret to achieving success or failure in life is effectively managing

this resource that everyone possesses equally and paying sufficient emphasis

to planning (Macan, Shahani, Dipboye & Phillips, 2000). Though effective and

efficient use of time varies with respect to the tasks performed, the further

increase in the level of knowledge and skills expected from modern employees

has further increased the necessity of time planning. The road to success in

social life passes through effective and efficient working which is only possible

via time management. The competitive environment we live in today encourages

people from as early as their elementary education to plan and manage time

effectively. The high performance required by competitive conditions forces

organizations and directors to use time effectively and stipulates the search to

control time (Alay & Koçak, 2003).

“Time management” is the process of organizing and planning how to divide

your time between specific activities. Good time management enables you to work

smarter – not harder – so that you get more done in less time, even when time is

tight and pressures are high. Failing to manage your time damages your
effectiveness and causes stress.It seems that there is never enough time in the day.

But, since we all get the same 24 hours, why is it that some people achieve so much

more with their time than others? The answer lies in good time management,but that

is not what happened right these days in the lives of the students.

Time management helps you to identify the tasks that use your time most

effectively (Chron,2019.Having a lot of projects,assignments,activities,etc. are

already been the life that a certain student will going to have.You might be stress or

depress because of the non-stop work that you need to comply,you might get lack of

sleep and get tired the whole day,and embracing another problem if you got

home.But all those things that can be possibly encounter can be lessen if we do

know how to apply time management within ourselves.

Most of successful people or the high achievers aims to have a fruitful life

because of their excellent skills in managing their time.Time management is

important for students to get high marks. Majority of students who use time

management eventually got high marks because it’s a big factor for them in doing it

in the early age of time.According to Smith Phillip,students who has lack of time

management or do not apply the right application of managing their time got stress

or depress eventually if the deadline of that particular work must be passed.

Time management shapes the student’s mind into the direction of discipline

and sense of duty (The Time 2018). Discipline is extremely important especially in

school life to become better students. Managing your time properly can make your

life being in the right path and will be an efficient skill in a students life.If you always

discipline and do have limitation in everything then it will be easier to apply time
management,and also,it is not just all about using it but it talks about how wise are

you as a student.

Prioritizing the important things is the best way as well to imply time

management within you.(Bobby,2016) But through that you must first discipline

yourself and learn to control things that can only give your work delayed.According to

Bobby also,if you truly honor the time,you must not waste it,because wasting time,is

like wasting gold.Right these days,most of the students,only know these words

through their minds but not on their realization which has a big difference of course.

Students get a minimum of one year’s time to pass one class. One whole

year’s time students spend on completing the syllabus, doing homework, giving

exams. Some students only start studying seriously when the exam dates are near.

If students manage their time for studying as early as they begin a new class and

study regularly by the following timetable then it helps them to accomplish more in

the class than other students.

In what we observe,most of the students of LNHS Senior Highschool don’t

necessarily have the skills in acquiring time management,eventually that they just

make their works near or during the deadline even if it was given in a long period of

time,which has a negative effect on the students.Though it’s easy for us to waste

time,we must always put in our minds that this skill or ability can made a large impact

to have a successful life near the future.

The researchers aims to determine the students of Senior Highschool in

LNHS,who claims to have time management on their own,and also for the students

who has struggles in managing their time.This research is also to assess the
students in adapting the time management on their lives because it can help them

build a successful future someday.

Ongoing problem of scarcity of knowledge in connection with time

management and academic outputs is due to lack of easiness and of costly ways of

collecting data. Driven by this fact, particular emphasis has been paid in the

modern education system to time management issues by evaluating students ’

attitudes and behaviors related to time and its management (Karim, Sevari,Mitra

& Kandy, 2015). Necessity of time management do have a big impact on a person’s

desired future,but still,it’s not an easy task for us to just put it within ourselves,it

needs process,mostly on the students of Libagon National Highschool.

Statement of the Problem

The aim of the researchers is to assess time management skill on the

students of Grade 11 General Academic Strand (GAS) in Libagon National

Highschool.

The study was focused to find the answers of the following questions:

1) What is the demographic profile of your respondents in terms of their:

1.1 Age
1.2 Sex
1.3 Achiever (With Honor/With High Honor)
a) Using Time Management b) Not Using Time Management
1.4 Non-Achiever
a) Use Time Management b) Not Using Time Management
2) What are the common factors that affect students in managing their time?
3) What are the possible effects for those students who did not apply time
management?
 4) What are the perceive importance of time management towards students’
academic performance?

Conceptual Framework

Conceptual Framework

“WHAT MUST DO”

Stress THEORIES

Depression ACADEMIC “Bucket of Rock

Theory”
Lack of sleep PERFORMANCE
“ABC Theory”
Time Pressure
“The Inventory

FACTORS: Not using “Time Using of “Time

Management” Management”
“Laziness”

“Not putting
limitations on
using gadgets
like cellphones”
 Diagram 1: Conceptual Framework

Time management has it’s big importance in every day life but many people

just don’t see it the way that it must be seen by many,eventually on the students who

don’t give importance about time.There are ways in order to achieve this one,but you

must need to have high motivation and self – discipline because it’s a big factor for

us to aim this skill.

Applying and not applying time management on the students has it’s effect on

them,especially on their Academic Performance (Johnson,2015). According to

Johnson,if you will expose yourself using time management skill in doing your

assignments,or your projects,you can possibly done it with no worries,but if you will

not motivate yourself in having ths,there might be an instance that you just want

yourself to be in a hard situation that you will going to face.

Time management has it’s bad effects if not be implied ,probably some major

impacts on the students who waste their time in school,just like being stress,depress,

or having problem every night causing of lack of sleep,which are some of the

reasons students can’t properly handle their studies and their academic

performance,that’s why managing your time in the right way must be occupy as early

as possible.

Considering a person not applying time management can have a deep impact

eventually on students who rely to not properly manage their time.Stress is a

common effect on students who faces a lot of priorities in school,according to

MedlinePlus,stress is a feeling of emotional or physical tension,It can come from any

event or thought that makes you feel frustrated,angry or nervous.There is what we

call “Time Stress” which is the best known form of stress in a modern,fast and

demanding work environment.

If a student experience this what we called “time stress”,excessive sleepiness

happens,and it does not only affects our physical health,but our mental health as

well,but how could we able to sleep well if there are still works that must need to be

done because of not making it in the day that it was given?Almost 19,000 people

have obstructive sleep apnea that likely suffer from clinical depression.

(sleepfoundation.org).According to OSA 2019 ,depression happens mostly on

students who don’t recognize time management.

Certain reasons clarifies why most of the students did not inquire time

management in terms of their studies.According to the Time-Save 2010,students

faces this what we called “Behavioral Problems”,which most in the cases is the

laziness of a student to do his/her homework,projects,activities,etc.Losing control of

things or abusing it is also one of the reason why it is hard for the students to

comply their school works,because things,most likely gadgets,eats most of their time

that’s why when the deadline comes near,that’s the time where students do their

assigned tasks which is hard for them to do because of the short time remains,that

just mostly consume on the unnecessary things.

In order to face problems being a students you must have your weapon in

facing it to avoid the earlier mentioned effects.Good time management skill will be a

big benefit for the students because it allows you to accomplish more in a shorter

period of time,which leads more free time,which let’s you take advantage of learning

opportunities,lower your stress and helps you focus,which leads to more career

success (Ahn,2015).Theories are discovered by several researchers that can help

people who has lack of time management skill.These was also for the students who

have struggles in how they can manage it properly on their lives.

To properly manage time, one needs to know the level of importance that

each activity holds. The Bucket of Rocks theory (also referred to as the Pickle Jar

Theory) offers insight into the order in which a person should work on his activities

(Mancini 2003). The theory proposes that you put big rocks in a bucket (this will

represent the important thing) and then you fill it up with pebbles followed by sand

and then water. The smaller substances represent increasingly unimportant tasks

(Forsyth 2010).

This basically means that prioritizing necessary things than the unnecessary

things must be obliged by the doer so that problem and stress can be prevented.This

theory offers insight into the order,in which person should work on his activities.

(Mancini,2003) According to this theory also, we are supposed to do the important

things (big stones) first and then move on to the less important things (pebbles and

sand) and finally if we have the tie, we can do the unimportant things (water)In order

also to use time more effectively, a person needs to prioritize on the tasks that need

to be undertaken,so it concludes that if we begin working on the unimportant things

or the less important things first,we will not have the space to do the important things

in our lives.

Prioritizing the most important things can literally help you to manage time

well,and in terms of prioritizing, the ABC system developed by Alan Lakein can

provide an efficient means for prioritizing. He demonstrates that using the ABC

approach can facilitate an individual’s prioritizing.Though it has connection to first

theory mentioned but,this one is more understandable,and can be learned in just

early age of time if it will be applied in a consistent way.

 The letter assigned to a given task denotes it’s priority level with A being the

tasks with highest urgency,B the tasks that have low urgency but are of important

and C being tasks that are not urgent and whose completion can be postponed.This

theory explains that because of time’s availability may not be sufficient for all the

activities that needs to be done,you must make a list for what must the task that

needs to be done first and for all.

From the ABC list, one can ask themselves questions such as “I’m I putting of

an A priority because it is unpleasant?” From the ABC list, one can ask themselves

questions such as “I’m I putting of an A priority because it is unpleasant? Will I

manage to achieve the C priority tasks before they become A’s?” Such questions will

result in insights being gained into how to accomplish the most important and critical

tasks first.

ABC System Theory tells us that in able to manage our time,we must have

prioritize things through making a list or a set,but how would we able to do that if

tiredness and laziness prevailed? The inventory system,is a results-oriented

approach that is based on the premise that one learns the most by reviewing how

they handled the day and applying these lessons to the next day’s behavior (Forsyth

2010). This theory argues that a retrospective analysis of activities done represents

a more behavior changing approach to dealing with situations in life. Mancini (2003,

p.162) declares that “behavior modification is a significant time management

strategy”.

This theory definitely embraces all about the particular behaviour that must

taken place in order to manage your time properly.Also it mainly talks about

changing your behaviour whenever you realize that it is not right,this must be

undergone in most of the students who ignores time and just relying for being who
they are.As such,while the inventory system is not in itself a time-saving measure,it

results in the establishment of time-saving behavioral changes in a person.

Within connection to the Inventory System theory,which talks about behavioral

state of a student in order to apply time management,the word discipline is a

must.Putting this in part of our conceptual framework has it’s 'major role within our

topic choose,even in a simple word but it has it’s own function,definitely on the

students who don’t have time management on their own .According to the Belief Net

2009,the essence of time management is for you to discipline yourself to set clear

priorities, and then to stick to those priorities. You must consciously and deliberately

select the most valuable and important thing that you could be doing at any given

time, and then discipline yourself to work solely on that task.A student will definitely

get a good performance in school when he/she discipline herself/himself eventually

in managing time properly.

Lack of self-discipline in time management leads people to procrastinate

continually on their top tasks, leading them to spend more and more time on task of

low-value or no-value,and whatever you do repeatedly eventually becomes a habit.

(Time Tech,2018) Consequences will took a big part in time management eventually

if you don’t give importance to the work you do,it mainly says that in getting

discipline,you must take things seriously.

According to Manhattan 2003,when you discipline yourself to continue to push

through against your natural resistance, and complete a major task, you get an

“endorphin rush.” You experience this as a sense of elation, exhilaration, happiness

and higher self-esteem. In completing major task,you always feel like you are the

winner in a race because of your motivation to win,and also adapting the self-
discipline within you.The more you discipline in using your time well,the happier you

will and the better quality in living your life up to your future.

Our conceptual framework showed the effects of using and not using time

management skill of an individual towards their academic performance in school,also

the factors why students cannot easily apply this on their own,and how would they

apply it to avoid such hindrances in aiming their goal in life.

Scope and Delimitation

This study aims to assess time management skill on the students of Grade 11

GAS in Libagon National Highschool.The scope of the academic performance of

students will be based on the submission of their projects,assignments,and other

school works.

Selected Grade 11 GAS students will be the respondents of the study about

“Assessing Time Management Skill on Students”.

CHAPTER II:

Review of Related Literature

This part of the paper presents the gathered data from different sources that
aided the researchers in conducting the research “Assessing Time Mangement Skill
on Studens” of Libagon National Highschool.
 Time management is usually viewed from the perspective of effiency,develop
effective time management skills comes with practice. The purpose of our research
is to avoid some common pitfalls by the students becoming aware of some causes
for mismanaging time and some of the solutions. There are some related literature
that tackles on this matter.

Definition of Time Management

Time is a finite commodity and its proper use may lead to increased

productivity by a person. Mancini (2003) declares that a person’s ability to manage

their time is one of the key causes of success or failure in a person’s life. It is

therefore of great importance to properly manage time in order to ensure higher

chances of success in life.

Study found that time is a vital resource everyone possesses but fails to utilize

at the same level due to a variety of reasons. All the material and human resources

possessed by organizations can be enhanced in the course of time or be

transformed as time goes on; yet the only asset that cannot be changed or

purchased or stored is “time” itself. He has been demonstrated that there exists a

positive significant relation between students’ grade point averages and the time

attitudes sub-dimension and between financial accounting grades and the long-

range planning sub-dimension. It has also been demonstrated by regression analysis

that students’ time management skills affect their GPA-course achievement and

these skills are one of the predictors of grade point averages and financial

accounting grade points.( Abdülkadir Pehlivan (2013)

 Before one can set out to maximize on their time usage, it is necessary for the

person to document how time is spent currently. Mancini (2003) suggests that a

person should first recognize the kinds of choices that they are making with regard to

time usage at the moment. An activity log is one of the tools which can assist in

discovering how time is spent.

There is a titanic difference between secondary and higher education when it

comes to managing time and academic responsibilities. In secondary education,

there was the kind of learning that includes an explanation of everything. On the

other hand, when students enter university, they find out that what they learn is a

lecture, that only includes superficial information and the rest is their job to know

about and explore further (Britton & Tesser, 2001). Time management is a skill that

every student should not only know, but also apply. A lot of university students

complain about running out of time when asked to do a certain task, they get

frustrated because they are not able to make it before the deadline.

Wrike (2003) defines that,time management is the management of the time

spent,and progress made,on project tasks and activities.Also,excellent time

management in project management requires the planning,scheduling,monitoring

and controlling of all project activities (This Time,2009).In order to apply this one,you

need to make steps and plans in how do you manage your schedule,the following

are the steps: Define activities,Sequence activities,Estimate resources,Estimate

durations,Develop the project schedule and lastly,you must control your schedule:

these steps will help you in adapting time management.(Wrike,2003)

Importance of Time of Management

Time management is extremely important, especially when it comes to

highschool students because it will boost their grades and enhance their productivity

(Laurie & Hellsten, 2002). However, most of the time students face problems like

task aversion and uncertainty, so they start to procrastinate because they are lack in

organizational skills. As a result, students will not be able to organize duties

according to their priorities, so they get distracted easily, ending up procrastinating.

As we can see, time management is quite essential to any highschool student, and it

is one of the keys to higher academic achievements (Kelly, 2004).

Prof. Mehnaz Kaushar(2013) in his study found that development many times

college students have not had to manage their time efficiently prior to college

because they are bright and weren’t really challenged in high school. His study

mainly also talks about the discipline and the persistence of a particular student in

order to get the job done.Also,he mentioned this study more on the behaviour of a

student in handling his/her work to pass it in the right period of time.

From all we know,time is the one who controls us,and we are not the one who

controls it,that’s why time can does it all. According to Chron 2019,time is consider

as money,that’s why we must consider the tasks that time most use in a effective

way.The tasks that don’t fall high on your priority list could be just what someone

else needs to do in order to feel successful at work.

 Alexander Drites cited,that time management helps us focus on the tasks that

matter most and group similar tasks together.It is easy for us to manage time if we

put the quality of our work in everyday life,our minds work better when they’re not

jumping from one thing to the next in a panicked way,so the quality of your particular

work is likely to increase and efficiency will improve.

Practicing Assertiveness is based on the premise that a manager’s use of

time can be made more productive if they have good personal communication skills

(Cole 2003, 236). Being assertive will assist managers to better utilize their time

since they will say no to non-critical requests that derail them from following their

schedule. Turner (cited in Cole 2003, p.235) defines assertion as “the capacity to

express our ideas, opinions or feelings openly and directly without putting down

ourselves or others”. Assertiveness leads to a person taking responsibility for their

actions (Butler & Hope 2007). In many instances, people find it difficult to say “no”

since they feel that doing this is being uncooperative or selfish. A person will

therefore say “yes” to requests that require his time and effort. This may result in

mismanagement of time since lack of assertiveness lead to interruptions being

inflicted on a person (Bedell & Lennox 1997).

Effects of Time Management

Time management has it’s own effects,eventually on the students who aims to

apply this one on themselves.When you learn to take control of your time,you

improve your ability to focus.(Save-Time,2018) And with increased focus comes to

aim in managing your time in a proper way.According to Xandler 2009,you can

accomplish more with less effort if you successfully use time management in your
student’s life.If you have this skill,you can enhanced efficiency,because you don’t

lose momentum.

Whether you rely on a time chuncking technique ot discover the power of list

making,you’ll soon find that a nice side benefit of good time management skills is the

ability to make better decision.(Mandit,2005) Accomplishing this skill might help you

to improved decision-making ability,as managing your time in the right way can

lessen the stress and also you can think peacefully of what will be your first or you

next move,and it’s a good thing if you have this being a student.Through effective

time management,you can eliminate the pressure that comes from feeling like you

don’t have enough time.(Ahn,2010)

Studies also found that to the relationship between the time management

skills and academic achievement of the students. Time management is very

important and it may actually affect individual’s overall performance and

achievements. The data was collected from the students of Qurtuba University of

Science and Technology to analyze that how effectively they are managing their time

for achieving their academic standards.( Shazia Nasrullah and Muhammad Saqib

Khan(2015)

In the present day,students got eventually stress after school because of the

assigned tasks that they could not able to handle because of it’s number,and it

became harder for them also,because they did not manage their time as well .When

the time comes to examine options and make a decision,instead of rushing through

the process,you can take time to carefully consider each option,and when you able

to do that,you diminish your chances of making bad decision,if you can apply time

management then you’ll start to feel more calm and control.

 According to Daily Times ( 2015),time management is also a key to success,it

allows you to control of your life rather than following the flow of others.As you

accomplish more each day,make more sound decision,and feel more in control,you

can take a good advantage in your life.Getting a good time management skills

become more successful in your career,eventually for the students who still have a

struggles in managing time.

In the relevant literature there are great number of academic studies focusing

on the relation between time management and academic achievements. The related

literature showed that the time management attitude and skill levels of university

students and the effects of these skills on their academic achievement. The research

revealed that a majority student possesses moderate level time management skills

and only a significantly small portion has high level time management skills (Yilmaz,

Yoncalik & Bektaş, 2006). The literature also shows that the students’ time

management skills affect their academic achievement at a significant level and the

skills are one of the predictors of academic performance.

The relevant literature suggested that students should start to acquire time

management senses on their own in their primary school years by reading materials

on the issue or via the framework of psychological counseling and guidance studies

applied in schools and adopt effective time management attitudes and techniques to

determine how and where they spend their time (Lisa & Robert, 2008). The various

group of students who exploited time-saving proficiencies notably had rich academic

achievement. They accomplished those students who do not use time saving

techniques in their educational surrounding having significantly lower academic as

compared to results students who employ time- management tactics have

considerably higher achievement (Mercanlioglu, 2010).

CHAPTER III:

METHODOLOGY

The study investigated the relationship between assessing time management

and academic performance on the students. This chapter explains the different

methods and processes done for the research to be comprehensive.

Research Design

The study followed a non-experimental phenomenological design to

determine the relationship between assessing time management skill and academic
performance. The study being a qualitative research because of it’s essential use in
nature,determining if the students do assess time management within their lives.

These data were utilized in this study in order to determine whether there is a
significance relationship between time management skill and academic
performance.In this study,the researchers will utilize a research survey as adopted in
determining the time management skill among the students in Libagon National
Highschool.

Research Environment
 The study will be conducted at Libagon National Highschool –Senior
Highschool (LNHS-SHS) located at Jubas,Libagon Southern Leyte. The school is a
good means of collecting data for those students who still bothers in managing their
time properly.

Research Respondents

This study involved the selected Grade-11 General Academic Strand (GAS)
,there will be 23 respondents among 77 students that will take part of our
research.There will 9 students that are achievers and 14 students who are non
achievers,the number of the respondents is obtain through the use of the stratified
random sampling.

Research Instrument

The researchers will derive their survey questionnaire from the

www.scribd.com/doc/7478848/Time-Management-Questtionaire uploaded by Anon-

544771 that will be used to answer the question of our study about Assessing Time

Management Skill of a Student.

The instrument contains questions pertaining about what the respondents

know about factors affecting students in managing time, the outcome of a student

without time management, the importance of time management and also their

demographic information. In answering the survey questionnaire, the respondent will

check the choice or choices that he or she chooses from the statements provided.
 The researchers choose the said research instrument to be able to assess

how high or low the level of awareness of the respondents have about knowing the

importance of Time Management Skill considering the fact that it is a very big factors

in having a lot of school works, mostly on the students Senior High school. More

importantly, the researchers choose the said instrument to obtain reliable answers

and come up with a credible research work.

Sampling Method

A sample would be taken out from the population through a stratified random

sampling wherein the researchers would get the list of the students enrolled in

General Academic Strand from the School Registrar and where are going to select

the proportion found in the identified subgroups of the defined population to get a

representative groups.

Research Procedure

The researchers initiate the research through first collecting references from

the internet to serve as the sources of our study. In making the sources more

reliable,the researchers revise the references that they have.Conducting a

brainstorm with every member of the group give way to identify the gap our study

and also to be able to make our research problem with our ideas in Time

Management.

In getting also the Review of Related Literature, we search for references

again to have resources that might help us to understand more about our study and

to be able to support it.

 The researchers manage to work with the methodology in making first the

letter of approval for the principal to let us conduct the study.Researchers uses

stratified random sampling in doing the research study about Time Management.

Data Gathering Procedure

After approval was sought from the proper authorities, the researchers

immediately proceeded with gathering the necessary data for the study through the

use of survey questionnaires while emphasizing the purpose and intention of the

study to the respondents of the study who are the Grade-11 General Academic

Strand of Libagon National High school. Data was gathered through the use of

stratified random sampling in which twenty-three (23) students were chosen as a

sample.

CHAPTER IV:
Presentation and Analysis of Data
This chapter presents the results,analysis,and interpretation of data relative to the questions
raised to Assess Time Management Skill of the Students of LNHS.

I. Demographic Profile
 Table 1. Distribution of Respondents in terms of AGE

AGE FREQUENCY RATE

16 2 9%
17 18 78%
Table 1 shows the distribution of age where eighteen (18) students are aged of 17 or 78% and
18 1 4%
19
20
21 1 4%
22 1 4%
TOTAL 23 100%

consider as the most number of respondents that take part of the research .There are two (2) or
equivalent of 9% whose age of 16,and one (1) respondent or 4% each that age 18,21 and 22.

Table 2. Distribution of Respondents in terms of SEX

FREQUENCY RATE

MALE 9 33%

FEMALE 14 67%

Total 23 100%

Tab
le 2 illustrated the distribution of the respondents through their sex which male has a number of
nine (9) equivalent to 33%,and the number of female which is fourteen (14) or 67%,the most
number of the respondents through the said distribution.

Table 3. Distribution of Respondents in terms of Achievers and Non-achievers Using Time

Management or Not Using Time Management
 USING TIME NOT USING TIME TOTAL
MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT
ALWAYS SOMETIMES F P F P
ACHIEVERS F P F P
3 13% 6 26% 9 39%

ALWAYS SOMETIMES F P F P
F P F P
NON-ACHIEVER 13 57% 1 4% 14 61%

Table 3 illustrates the distribution of achievers and non-achiever and whether they are
also applying time management or not.On the nine (9) number of achievers,three (3) or 13%
respondents are always using time management while there are six (6) or 26% respondents who just
sometimes use time management.On the fourteen (14) numbers of non-achievers as well,thirteen
(13) or 57% of them says that they only use time management sometimes,while there is one (1) or
equivalent of 4% respondent do not actually use time management being student.

II. Common Factors Affecting Time Management of Students

FACTORS YES NO CANNOT SAY TOTAL
F P F P F P F P
LAZINESS 15 65% 8 35% 23 100%
NOT PUTTING F P F P F P F P
LIMITATIONS ON CP 2 9% 14 61% 7 30% 23 100%
OR GADGETS
Table 4. Laziness and Not Putting Limitations on Cp or any other Gadgets of a Students

FACTOR Strongly Agree Cannot Say Disagree TOTAL

F P F P F P F P
LACK OF GIVING
PRIORITY 12 52% 9 39% 2 9% 23 100%

Table 5. Lack of Giving Priority of Students

Table 4 and Table 5 demonstrate the common factors affecting time

management,examples cited;Laziness,Not putting limitations on cp or any other gadgets,and Lack of
giving Priorities.The data gathered about laziness shows that there are fifteen (15) or 65% of the
respondents who agree’s that it is a factor that affect time management,while eight (8) or 35% says
that they are not still sure.The next factor is about not putting limitations on gadgets like
cellphones,fourteen (14) or 61% of it says that they put limitation on gadgets for fun when doing
school works,while two (2) respondents do oftenly use gadgets like cellphones when doing school
works that’s why it’s hard for them to apply time management and seven (7) or 30% still can’t say
about the said factor.Lack of giving priority is one of the factor also where twelve (12) or equivalent
to 52% says that they are strongly agree that it is a factor affecting time management,while two (2)
or 9% repondents disagree about this,and nine (9) or 39% still cannot say or not sure about the
factor mentioned.

Therefore,the results prove that laziness and lack of giving priority is one of common
factor affecting time management,while not putting limitations on gadgets like cellphones must still
be proven,because of the less information in the survey questionnaire.

III. Effects of Not-Using Time Management

Table 6. Stress and Time Presure

EFFECTS Strongly Agree Cannot Say Disagree TOTAL

F P F P F P F P
Stress
18 78% 5 22% 23 100%

Time Pressure 8 35% 13 57% 2 9% 23 100%

EFFECTS YES Cannot Say Rarely TOTAL

F P F P F P F P
Depression
14 61% 8 25% 1 4% 23 100%

Lack of Sleep 14 61% 5 22% 4 17% 23 100%

Table 7. Depression and Lack of Sleep

Table 6 and Table 7 illustrate the Effects of Not-using Time Management,the effects
are the following;Stress,Time Pressure,Depression and Lack of Sleep.Eighteen (18) or 78% of the
respondents are strongly agree that stress is one of the effect if you will not apply time
management,while there are five (5) or 22% still cannot say if not using time management can cause
stress.Time pressure effect is still confidential due to the thirteen (13) or 57% who still cannot say
about this effect,while eight (8) or 35% respondents strongly agree and two (2) or 9% disagree about
the mention effect.Depression is also included where fourteen (14) or 61% of the respondents says
yes,eight (8) or 25% still cannot say and one (1) or 4% of it says rarely.Fourteen (14) or 61% of the
respondents also says yes about the effect in lack of sleep,and there are five (5) or 22% still cannot
say,and four (4) or 17% says that it just rarely happened.

The tables reveal that stress,depression and lack of sleep are some of the effects of not
using time management,While time pressure still needs more evidence that can prove it enough to
be part of the effects of not using time management.
 IV. Perceive Importance of Time Management

Yes Cannot Say Never TOTAL

F P F P F P F P

23 100% 23 100%

Table 8

Table 8 shows the Perceive Importance on the lives of the students where twenty-three
(23) or the 100% of the respondents know that time management is a very important skill on a
student.Therefore the researchers can conclude about the table 8 that time management has it’s
perceive importance as well as it’s major role of a students life.
References:

 https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-time-4156799
 http://www.klientsolutech.com/importance-of-time-management-for-students/
 https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newHTE_00.htm
 https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/conceptual-framework/
 https://ivypanda.com/essays/time-management-theories-and-application/
 https://www.timemanagementtraining.com/time_management_training_Time-
Management-Training-and-Self-Discipline-to-Increase-Your-Productivity.html