University of Jordan

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Electrical Engineering Department
Power Lab. EE 489

Experiment # 6: COMPARISON OF STATIC RELAY RXIG 2 AND

ELECTROMECHANICAL RELAY RXIC 1

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The experiment includes: .

1. Recording operating and resetting values of on electronic and an electromechanical
relay.
2. Determining the power consumption of on electronic and an electromechanical
relay..
3. Investigating the effect of the d.c. components of on electronic and an
electromechanical relay.

Description of relay RXIG:- (See experiment 5)

Note that relays of this type can be made insensitive to the d.c. component of
the short-circuit current.

Description of relay RXIC:-

The operation of the electromechanical relay is based on the force produced
between an electromagnet A and a moving armature B as shown in Figure 1.

Fig. 1: Electromechanical Relay

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 The force applied to the armature depends on the current I in the winding
C. When this force exceeds the spring force F the armature is pulled towards the
electromagnet. One or more contacts can be operated (opened or closed) when
the armature moves. Relay RXIC 1 is graduated for overcurrent operation and is
available for both d.c. and a.c. at 16 2/3, 50 and 60-Hz..

On the front panel there is a relay symbol with terminal markings, and
setting knob which adjusts the tension of the armature spring. The scale is
graduated for operation (pick-up) with slowly increasing current. This particular
relay operates so rapidly that the operating values depend on the rate of change
of the actuating quantity. For example, in the event of a short circuit, when the
current increases very rapidly, the relay operates at a value approximately 10%
below the set value. If the short-circuit current has a fully-developed d.c.
component, the relay picks up at a value of the a.c. component which is
approximately 50% of the relay setting.

1. OPERATING AND RESETTING VALUES

Equipment:
1. Relay unit,
2. Power supply unit.
3- Digital Voltmeter.
4. Main switch L.
5. Resistor: 5 A, R > 5 Ohm.
6. Digital Ammeter.

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3
METHOD

1.1 Set up the circuit shown in Fig. 2.

1.2 Set scale factor 1.00 x 2.5 A (max.) on RXIG 2 and 1.25 x 2 A on RXIC 1.
1.3 Check that the rotary transformer is set to zero, and that the f u l l
resistance of R is in circuit and close the switch.
1.4 Carefully increase the voltage from the rotary transformer and observe the
ammeter reading.
1.5 Note the operating values of both relays.
1.6. Reduce the current carefully and note the resetting values of both relays
(operation and resetting are indicated by the RXSF relay).
1.7 Repeat steps 1.4 to 1.6 twice.
1.8 Change the scale factors in accordance with Table 1 & 2 and proceed as
shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Figure 2

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TABLE 1 RXIG 2

Measurement Set value Operating Value Resetting Value resetting

no. (A) (A) (A) ratio*
1 A
B 1.0 X 2.5
C
7 A
B 2.0 X 2.5
C
*Resetting ratio = Resetting value/Operating value.

TABLE 2 RXIC 1

Measurement Set value Operating Value Resetting Value resetting

no. (A) (A) (A) ratio *
1 A 1.25 X 2
B
C
9 A 2.50 X 2
B
C
* Resetting ratio = Resetting value/Operating value.

ANALYSIS

Calculate the resetting ratio for the two types of relay, and compare the results.

2. POWER CONSUMPTION
METHOD

2.1 Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. 2.

2.2 Set scale factor 1.00 on both relays.
2.3 Connect the voltmeter across RXIC 1.
2.4 Carefully increase the current and note the voltage across the relay
input immediately before and immediately after pick-up; enter the
readings in Table 3.

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2.5 Check (hat the current (operating values) has not changed after pick-up
(adjust if necessary) and note the voltage.
2.6 Move the voltmeter to RXIG 2.
2.7 Increase the current further and enter the values obtained in Table 4.
2.8 Repeat steps 2.3 - 2.6 twice.

TABLE 3 RXIC 1
Measur- Set Operating Voltage Voltage
ment value Value before after before after
no. (A) (A) operation operation operation operation
(mV) (mV) (VA) (VA)

A
B 1.0 X 2.0
C

TABLE 4 RXIG 2
Measur- Set Operating Voltage Voltage
ment value Value before after before after
no. (A) (A) operation operation operation operation
(mV) (mV) (VA) (VA)

A
B 1.0 X 2.5
C

ANALYSIS:

Calculate the VA, i.e. the product of operating current and relay
voltage before and after operation. Compare the relays and check
whether the readings obtained agree with the listed data. What is
the effect of contact resistance on the readings?.

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 3. EFFECT OF THE D.C. COMPONENT
Equipment:

1- Relay unit.
2- Power supply unit.
3- Digital Voltmeter.
4- Main switch L.
5- Switch B.
6- Diode.
7- Resistor.
8- Digital Ammeter A1.
9- Digital Ammeter A2.

With reference to Fig. 3, when switch B is "ON" the relays can be supplied
with alternating current from the rotary transformer. When the switch is set to
"OFF' the relays are supplied with half-wave-rectified current.

Set ammeter A1 to measure a.c, A2 for d.c, and A3 for true r.m.s. Check
that the ammeters can measure the a.c, and d.c. components of the current when set
in this way. The resistor must be capable of handling 5 A and must have R > 5 ohm.
Ensure that the full resistance of R is in circuit before L is closed.

METHOD

3.1 Set up the circuit shown in Fig. 3.

3.2 Set scale factor 1.00 on both relays.
3.3 Set switchs B to "ON".
3.4 Check that the rotary transformer is set to zero and close switch L.
3.5 Carefully increase the current and enter the operating value of RXIC 1 in
Table 5. (Operation and resetting are indicated by RXSF.)
3.6 Increase the current further and enter the operating value of RXIG 2 in
Table 6.
3.7 Reduce the current and note the resetting values of the relays.
3.8 Repeat steps 3.5 to 3.7 twice.
3.9 Set switch to "OFF".
3.10 Slowly increase the current and enter the pick-up values in Tables 7
and 8 (A1 measures a.c. and A2 d.c.).
3.11 Reduce the current and note the resetting values of both relays.
3.12 Repeat 3.10 and 3.11 twice. .

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Fig. 3

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 TABLE 5 RXIC 1
Measurement Set value Operating Value Resetting Value
(A) (A) (A)
-
A
B 1.0 X 2.0
C
TABLE 6 RXIG 2
Measurement Set value Operating Value Resetting Value
(A) (A) (A)
A
B 1.0 X 2.5
C

TABLE 7 RXIG 1
Measur- Set Operating value (A) Reseting value (A)
ment- value(A) A1 A2 A3 A1 A2 A3
A
B 1.0 X 2.0
c
* Calculated as described in the equation below:

TABLE 8 RXIG 2
Measur- Set Operating value (A) Reseting value (A)
ment- value(A) A1 A2 A3 A1 A2 A3
A
B 1.0 X 2.5
c

Note:
True rms  I d2  I a2

where I a = r.m.s value of a.c. component and

I d = value of d. c. component.

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