Scribd
Upload
8 views

Paper 21

The document contains 5 questions on algebraic geometry for an exam. The questions cover topics like projective space being compact, line bundles on curves, group actions on affine planes, and extensions of morphisms.

Uploaded by

Kaustubh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

Paper 21

The document contains 5 questions on algebraic geometry for an exam. The questions cover topics like projective space being compact, line bundles on curves, group actions on affine planes, and extensions of morphisms.

Uploaded by

Kaustubh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

MATHEMATICAL TRIPOS Part III

Wednesday, 3 June, 2009 9:00 am to 12:00 pm

PAPER 21

ALGEBRAIC GEOMETRY

Attempt no more than FOUR questions.


There are FIVE questions in total.
The questions carry equal weight.

STATIONERY REQUIREMENTS SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS


Cover sheet None
Treasury Tag
Script paper

You may not start to read the questions


printed on the subsequent pages until
instructed to do so by the Invigilator.
2

1 This problem goes through the main part of the proof that projective space Pn over
the field k is compact. That is, for any algebraic set X over k and any closed subset
Y ⊂ X × Pn , the image of Y under the projection π : X × Pn → X is closed in X. (Also,
Pn is separated, but we won’t check that here.)
(a) Show that it suffices to prove the above statement for X affine.
(b) Let f1 , . . . , fr be homogeneous polynomials in k[y0 , . . . , yn ]. Let m be the ideal
(y0 , . . . , yn ). Show that the set {f1 = 0, . . . , fr = 0} ⊂ Pn is empty if and only if the
ideal (f1 , . . . , fr ) contains mN for some N > 0. [You may use general theorems on affine
algebraic geometry.]
(c) Show that
\
π(Y ) = {x ∈ X : the ideal in k[y0 , . . . , yn ] generated by f1 (x, y), . . . , fr (x, y)
N >0

does not contain mN }.

[For X affine, say X closed in Am , you may use that any closed subset of X × Pn is given
by the vanishing of some polynomials f1 (x, y), . . . , fr (x, y) (writing x for x1 , . . . , xm and y
for y0 , . . . , yn ) which are homogeneous in y.]
(d) Show that, for any algebraic set X over k and any closed subset Y ⊂ X ×Pn , the
image π(Y ) ⊂ X is closed in X.

2 (a) Let X be a smooth projective curve of genus g over k, and let X(k) be its set
of k-points. Let P ic0 (X) be the group of line bundles of degree 0 on X, and write O(D)
for the line bundle corresponding to a divisor D. Fix a point p0 ∈ X(k). Show that, if
g > 1, then the function α : X(k) → P ic0 (X) defined by α(p) = O(p − p0 ) is injective.
Also, what is P ic0 (X) if g = 0?
(b) For X of genus 1, use part (a) to define the structure of an abelian group on
the set X(k), by showing that α is bijective.
(c) Show that, for X of any genus, the abelian group P ic0 (X) is generated by the
subset α(X(k)) ⊂ P ic0 (X).

3 Give examples, with justification, of:


(a) a smooth curve of degree 3 over the algebraic closure of the field F3 = Z/3.
(b) an irreducible surface in P3 over C with exactly one singular point.
(c) an irreducible curve in P2 over C with exactly two singular points.

Part III, Paper 21


3

4 Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. Let the group Z/2
act on the affine plane A2 over k by (x, y) 7→ (−x, −y). Let R be the sub-k-algebra of
O(A2 ) = k[x, y] consisting of the regular functions which are constant on all Z/2-orbits
in A2 . Give a basis for R as a k-vector space. Show that R is a finitely generated k-
algebra which is an integral domain. Let Y be the corresponding affine variety. Describe
an embedding of Y into A3 , and find an equation satisfied by Y .
The inclusion R ⊂ k[x, y] corresponds to a morphism f : A2 → Y . Show that f is
surjective. Finally, find the singular set of Y (the subset where Y is not smooth over k).

5 (a) Show that any regular function on a projective variety is constant.


(b) Let C be a smooth compact curve, S ⊂ C a finite subset. Show that any
morphism from C − S to projective space Pn extends to a morphism on all of C.

END OF PAPER

Part III, Paper 21

You might also like