Topic 1 • OSH Introduction (1)

1. Definition, 2. Historica, 3. Scope

• OSH Basic Principle (2)

Topic 2 • OSH by Concept
• Basic cause and their evolution

Fundamental of Topic 3
• Peraturan & Undang-undang (2)
• UU Ketenagakerjaan
Occupational Safety • UU Migas, UU Lingkungan Hidup, PP / Permen /Perda

and Health (OHS) Topic 4

• OSH System Management (5)
• Risk Management
• OSH Management

• Lingkungan Hidup (2)

By: Topic 5 • Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup dan Limbah
Hasyim M Nur dan • Penilaian Kinerja Lingkungan (PROPER)

Havidh Pramadika
Topic 6 • CSR-Corp. Social Responsibility (1)

Topic 7 • Focus Group Discussion-(7 Groups-1)

 Fundamental of
Occupational Safety • OSH System
and Health (OHS) Management:
Topic 4 • Risk Management
• (2-3)
By:
Hasyim M Nur dan
Havidh Pramadika
 HSE Risk - Definition

Risk =
Consequence resulting from the release of a hazard
X
Probability of the occurrence of that event
 Managing Safety and Health Risk - Objectives
To ensure that:

The hazards inherent in the operations have been

systematically identified and assessed and are fully
understood at the appropriate levels in the organization

Arrangements are in place to control these hazards and to deal with the
consequences should the need arise

The necessary information, training, auditing and

improvement process are in place
OSH System Management : Risk Management

Identify Are people exposed to harm resulting from the

company’s operations?

Assess What are the causes, consequences & effects?

How likely is the loss of control?
What is the risk & is it ALARP ?

Can the causes be eliminated?

Control What controls are needed & can they be effective?

Can the potential consequences & effects be mitigated?

What are the recovery measures required?
Recover Are the recovery capabilities suitable & sufficient?
 Control

Assess

Recovery

Identify

Examples Of Identifying &

Managing Safety and Health Risk
Step 1- Hazard

Identify all
HAZARDS
 HAZARD - Definition

Hazard is defined as:

Anything that has the potential to cause harm, ill health
and injury, damage to property, products or the
environment, production losses or increase liabilities

Hazard At workplace categorized:

Physical, Chemical, Biological & Psychosocial
 Hazard - examples

Chemical
• Hydrocarbon under pressure
• Smoke
• Toxic material
• Volatile fluids in tanks
Physical
• Moving road tankers / vehicles
• Elevated objects
• Noise
• People working at heights
• High voltage
 Hazard - examples

Biological
• Toxicological lab
(catering facility at distant work station)

Psycosocial
• Working outside the country without family
members.
• Bullying at workplace
 Step 2 - Top Event

List Top Events or Incidents which will

result when hazards are released and

relate them to the hazards identified

 Top Event - definition

Top Event is defined as:

The incident which occurs as a result of the

hazard being released

Top Event
Hazard
(Incident)
 Top Event - examples

• Loss of containment

• Electrical shock

• Fall from the heights

• Exposure to toxic material

• Exposure to radioactive material

• Effluent discharge into waterways

• Emissions of toxic gases

 Step 3 - Consequences

List consequences which result from

hazard being released

 Consequence - definition
Consequence is defined as:

An event or chain of events that results from the hazard

being released

People

Asset
Top Event Damage
Hazard (Incident)
Environment

Reputation
 Consequences - examples

• Serious injury
• Death
• Latent illness or disease which has long gestation period
• Property damage - own or public
• Environmental damage
• Loss of reputation leading to loss in current and
prospective business
• Loss of revenue - paying for compensation, medical
expenses, production loss or deferment
 Step 4 - Hazard register
Compile a Hazards & Effects register listing Hazards,
Top Event & Consequences
HAZARDS & EFFECTS REGISTER
Risk Remedial
Hazard Threats Barriers Top Recovery Consequences Rating Initial Final
Event Measures Risk Risk Action
P A E R Required

X X X

X X X

X X X

X X X
 Step 5 -Risk ranking

Using the Risk Matrix & brainstorming techniques

rank the hazards and consequences based on the

probabilities of the Top Event occurring

 RISK MATRIX

CONSEQUENCE INCREASING PROBABILITY

A B C D E
NEVER HEARD OF INCIDENT HAPPENS HAPPENS
RATING PEOPLE ASSETS ENVIRONMENT REPUTATION INCIDENT HAS SEVERAL SEVERAL
HEARD OF
IN OCCURRED TIMES TIMES
IN PER YEAR PER YEAR
INDUSTRY IN OUR
INDUSTRY COMPANY IN CO. AT LOCATION
No No No No
0 injury damage impact impact
RM Manage for
1 Slight Slight Slight Slight Continuous Inprovement
injury damage impact impact
RM
2 Minor Minor Minor Limited Demonstrate
injury damage impact impact
RM ALARP
Major Local Localised Considerable
3 damage impact impact
injury
RM
4 Single Major Major Major
fatality damage impact national INTOLERABLE
RM Incorporate Risk
5 Multiple Extensive Massive Major Reduction measures
fatalities damage impact international Prepare HSE Case
RM
 RISK MATRIX – EXAMPLE

Contoh:
beberapa Risk Matrix dalam aplikasi di
beberapa industri
 Ranking Risk Probability

HAZARDS & EFFECTS REGISTER

Risk Remedial
Hazard Threats Barriers Top Recovery Consequences Rating Initial Final
Event Measures Risk Risk Action
P A E R Required

X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X
 Consequence - definition

Harm to people

No. Description

0 No Injury or damage to Health

1 Slight Injury or health effects (including first aid case and medical traement case) -Not affecting work
performance or causing disability

2 Minor injury or health effects(Lost Time Injury) - Affecting work performance, such as restriction to work
activities (Restricted Workday Case) or a need to take a few days to fully recover(Lost Workday Case).
Limited health effects are reversible e.g. skin irritation, food poisoning.

3. Major injury or health effects ( including Permanent Partial Disability) - Affecting work performance in the longer
term,such as prolonged absence from work. Irreversible health damage without loss of life, e.g. noise induced
hearing loss, chronic back injuries

4. Single fatality- From accident or occupational illness ( poisoning, cancer)

5. Multiple fatalities - From accident or occupational illness(poisoning, cancer)

 Consequence - definition

Damage to Asset

No. Description

0 Zero Damage

1 Slight damage - No disruption to operation

2 Minor damage - Brief disruption

3. Local damage - Partial shutdown

4. Major damage - Partial operation loss

5. Extensive damage - Substantial or total loss of operations

 Consequence - definition

Effect on the Environment

No. Description

0 Zero effect - No environmental damage. No cahange in environment. No financial consequences

1 Slight effect - Local environment damage. Within the fence and within systems. Negligible financial
consequences

2 Minor effect - Contamination. Damage sufficiently large to attack the environment. Single exceedance of
statutory or prescribed criterion. Single complaint. No permanent effect on the environment.

3. Localised effect - Limited loss of discharges of known toxicity. Repeated exceedance of statutory or
prescribed limit. Affecting neighbourhood.

4. Major effect - Severe environmental damage. The company is required to take extensive measures to
restore the contaminated environment to its original state. Extended exceedance of statutory or prescribed
limits

5. Massive effect - Persistent severe environmental damage or severe nuisance extending over a large area.
In terms of commercial or recreational use of nature conservancy, a major economic loss for the
company. Constant, high exceedance of statutory or prescribed limits.
 Consequence - definition

Impact on Reputation

No. Description

0 No impact - No public awareness.

1 Slight impact - Public awareness may exist, but there is no public concern.

2 Limited impact - Some local public concern. Some local media and / or local political attention with
potentially adverse aspects for company operations.

3. Considerable impact - Regional public concern. Extensive adverse attention in local media. Slight national
media and/ or local / regional political attention. Adverse stance of local government and / or action groups.

4. National impact - National public concern. Extensive adverse attention in the national media. Regional /
national policies with potentially restrictive measures and / or impact on grant of licences. Mobilisation of
action groups.

5. International impact - International public attention. Extensive adverse attention in international media.
National / International policies with potentially severe impact on access to new areas, grants of
licences and / or tax legislation
RISK MATRIX - EXAMPLE
 Step 6 - Threats

For all hazards and consequences which have been

ranked as HIGH risks, identify all threats or causes

which can release the hazard to become a top event

Bahan Kuliah Risk Management MK3 2019 by Zulkifli Djunaidi

 Threat - definition

Threat is defined as:

A possible cause that will release the hazard to become a top event-
includes thermal, biological, electrical, chemical, kinetic, climatic,
radiation or human factors.

People
Threat

Asset
Threat Top Event Damage
Hazard
(Incident)
Environment
Threat

Reputation
 Threat - examples

• High temperature • High voltage

• Corrosion • Ultraviolet radiation
• Bacteria • Environmental conditions
• Overpressure • Human incompetence
• Erosion • Design / process unknowns
 Step 7 - Barriers

Determine Barriers for each threat

 Barrier - definition

A Barrier is defined as :

A measure which is put in to prevent the release of a hazard or to

prevent the occurrence of a top event once the hazard is released -
barriers may be physical or non- physical
People
Threat Barrier Barrier

Asset
Threat Barrier Barrier Damage
Hazard Top Event
(Incident)
Environment
Threat Barrier Barrier

Reputation
 Barrier - examples

 Guards or protective shields e.g. protective coatings, corrosion

inhibitors, machine guards, fencing etc.
 Pressure / safety relief valves
 High temperature cut-off switches
 Correct / valid operating procedures
 Time delays in processes
 Lowering speeds of equipment
 Carrying maintenance when it is due
 Reducing congestion in operating areas
 Step 8 - Recovery Measures

Determine the Recovery Measures to reduce the

impact of the Consequences due to the occurrence

of the Top Event

 Recovery Measures
Activity or Condition which causes Recovery Measures
hazard release Incident
Proactive
control

M P R
C I E
O
H T B T S
A H A
N
T I
A T
Z R R A O
TOP G
A R I R
E EVENT A
R I N A
A T
D
T
E M
E I
E T
I
R
N
O O
T
N N
R

Consequences
 Recovery Measures - examples

 Gas, fire & smoke alarms

 Emergency Shutdown systems

 Firewater deluge systems

 Fire and blast walls

 Emergency Response plans, training & drills

 Business Resumption Plans

 Step 9 - Escalation factors

Identify Escalation Factors which will reduce

the effectiveness or operation of the barriers
or recovery measures and implement
additional measures to compensate for these
factors
 Escalation Factors - definition

Escalation Factors are defined as:

Conditions that lead to increased risk due to loss of barriers or loss
of recovery measures especially life saving or mitigating capabilities

Recovery People
Threat Barrier Barrier Measures

Recovery Asset
Threat Barrier Barrier Measures Damage
Hazard Top Event
(Incident)
Recovery Environment
Threat Barrier Barrier Measures

Recovery
Measures Reputation
Escalation
controls
 Escalation Controls - Examples

 Abnormal operating condition e.g critical standby equipment is under

maintenance during an emergency

 Plant operating outside the design envelope

 Extreme environmental conditions - may not allow the activation of

planned recovery measures

 Incorrect operation of the plant due to unavailability of updated

operating procedures

 Human error due to lack of competence or ineffective training

 Stop 0n
22 Oct 2020
 Risk Management
Managing Safety and Health Risk
Recovery People
Threat Barrier Barrier Measures

Asset
Recovery Damage
Threat Barrier Barrier Top Event Measures
Hazard
(Incident)
Recovery Environment
Threat Barrier Barrier Measures

Recovery
Measures Reputation
Escalation
controls
Use the ALARP principle to
test whether the controls
are sufficient
AS LOW AS REASONABLY PRACTICABLE
 Step 10

Complete the Hazard Analysis and

the Hazards & Effects Register

 Full hazard analysis

Proactive Controls Reactive Controls

Recovery People
Threat Barrier Barrier Measures

Asset
Recovery
Threat Barrier Barrier Damage
Hazard Top Event Measures
(Incident)
Recovery Environment
Threat Barrier Barrier Measures

Recovery
Measures Reputation
Escalation
controls
 Completed Hazards & Effects Register

HAZARDS & EFFECTS REGISTER

Risk Remedial
Hazard Threats Barriers Top Recovery Consequences Rating Initial Final
Event Measures Risk Risk Action
P A E R Required

C5
X X X X X X X X X X D4,5 X
E3,4,5

X X X X X X X X

C5
X X X X X X X X X X D4,5
E3,4,5

X X X X X X X X X
 Step 11

Link Barriers and Recovery Measure

controls to HSE Critical Activities

which are part of Business Activities

 HSE Critical Activities

 HSE Critical Activities are the activities that require to be carried

out to ensure the effectiveness and correct operation of the
Barriers and Recovery Measures at all times.

 These activities are broken down into tasks.

 For all these tasks, standards have to be specified and clear &
valid procedures should be available.

 Competency requirements for the staff to carry out the task and
also for the supervisors should be made clear. Where there are
gaps, they should be sent for training.
 Step 10

Performance
Hazard Measures
Standards Procedures
Reports
Barrier
Inputs
Outputs
Control
HSE HSE
Top critical Critical activity
Event task
Recovery
Design & Construction
Measures Staff Operations
Competency
Maintenance
Inspection
Consequences Supervisor
Business Activity
 Control

Assess

Recovery

Identify

Examples Of Identifying &

Managing Safety and Health Risk
 Examples Of Identifying & Managing
Safety and Health Risk

Recovery
Top
Hazard Threat Barrier Measures Consequences
Event

Accident,
Moving Slippery Loss of Injuries,
Vehicle Road Slow Down Control ABS Fatalities
•Incompetent driver
•Spill/contamination
•Not sure discharge procedure Loss of
•Poor attitude containment •Stop work order
•Company’s reputation
•Training •ER procedure
•Supervision •Bund-wall
•Design of skid tank •Supervision C
Threat 1
O
Refined hydrocarbon

Consequence n
N
Threat 2 S
Consequence 3
E
Threat 3 Recovery Q
Barriers Top Event Preparedness
Measures U
Threat 4
Consequence 2 E
N
Consequence 1
C
Threat n Multiple supplier non Bundwall E
standard fittings valve open
S
Escalation factors
(saboteur)
 Fundamental of
Occupational Safety
• OSH System
and Health (OHS) Management:
Topic 4 • OSH Management (3 session)

By: Hasyim M Nur