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A Practical Activity Report Submitted: For Engineering Design Project - II (UTA-014) by Akash Roll No - 101703634

This document contains an activity report submitted by Akash for an engineering design project. It describes the objective to design an IR sensor module circuit using Eagle CAD tool. The circuit uses resistors, an operational amplifier, IR LED, photodiode, and potentiometers. Schematic and PCB layout diagrams are included that show the connections between components to allow a buggy to follow a predefined path based on IR signals. Developing the circuit design in Eagle presented some challenges with its pick and place features requiring frequent object rotation or inability to select items.

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AKASH
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132 views

A Practical Activity Report Submitted: For Engineering Design Project - II (UTA-014) by Akash Roll No - 101703634

This document contains an activity report submitted by Akash for an engineering design project. It describes the objective to design an IR sensor module circuit using Eagle CAD tool. The circuit uses resistors, an operational amplifier, IR LED, photodiode, and potentiometers. Schematic and PCB layout diagrams are included that show the connections between components to allow a buggy to follow a predefined path based on IR signals. Developing the circuit design in Eagle presented some challenges with its pick and place features requiring frequent object rotation or inability to select items.

Uploaded by

AKASH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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A Practical Activity Report Submitted

for Engineering Design Project - II (UTA-014)

by

Akash Roll No - 101703634

Submitted to:

Dr. Amit Mishra

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

THAPAR INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, (A


DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY), PATIALA, PUNJAB
INDIA

JUL-DEC2020
TABLE OF CONTENT

Sr. No Experiment No. Objective


1 1 (a) To draw a schematic diagram of pulse width modulation (PWM)
based transmitter for generating specified pulse width
waveforms for gantries placed at different locations on the path
using CAD tool (Eagle).
2 1 (b) To design a printed circuit board layout of pulse width
modulation (PWM) based transmitter circuit using CAD tool
(Eagle)
3 2 (a) To draw a schematic diagram of receiver to receive specified
pulse width IR signals from gantries using CAD tool (Eagle).
4 2 (b) To design a printed circuit board layout of receiver circuit using
CAD tool (Eagle).
5 3 (a) To draw a schematic diagram of IR sensor module circuit
(required to move Buggy module on a predefined the path)
using CAD tool (Eagle).
6 3 (b) To design a printed circuit board layout of IR sensor module
circuit using CAD tool (Eagle).
EXPERIMENT: 3
Objective:
a) To draw a schematic diagram of IR sensor module circuit (required to move Buggy
module on a predefined the path) using CAD tool (Eagle).

b) To design a printed circuit board layout of IR sensor module circuit using CAD tool
(Eagle).

Software Used: Eagle Software

Components Used:

Sr. No Name of components Value Specification


1. Resistor 1,3 330Ω Wire-wound Resistors, Precision
2. Resistor 2,4 10KΩ Wire-wound Resistors, Precision
3. LMV358MM Dual Operational Amplifier
4. SFH482 IR Emitter
5. BPX65 Photodiode
6. Potentiometers Controls obstruction range

Theory:

1. Resistor: The resistor is a passive electrical component to create resistance in the


flow of electric current. In almost all electrical networks and electronic circuits they
can be found. The resistance is measured in ohms. An ohm is the resistance that
occurs when a current of one ampere passes through a resistor with a one volt drop
across its terminals. The current is proportional to the voltage across the terminal
ends. Resistors are used for many purposes. A few examples include delimit electric
current, voltage division, heat generation, matching and loading circuits, controlgain,
and fix time constants. They are commercially available with resistance values over
a range of more than nine orders of magnitude. They can be used to as electric
brakes to dissipate kinetic energy from trains, or be smaller than a square millimetre
for electronics.

Fig. 3.1: Resistor


2. LM747N Dual Operational Amplifier : The LM747 is a general purpose dual
operational amplifier. The two amplifiers share a common bias network and power
supply leads. Otherwise, their operation is completely independent. Additional
features of the LM747 are: no latch-up when input common mode range is exceeded,
freedom from oscillations, and package flexibility. The LM747C/LM747E is
identical to the LM747/LM747A.

Fig. 3.2:LM747NDual Operational Amplifier

3. IR LED: An Infrared light emitting diode (IR LED) is a special purpose LED


emitting infrared rays ranging 700 nm to 1 mm wavelength. Different IR LEDs may
produce infrared light of differing wavelengths, just like different LEDs produce
light of different colours. IR LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or
aluminium gallium arsenide. In complement with IR receivers, these are commonly
used as sensors. It is necessary to modulate the emission from IR diode to use it in
electronic application to prevent spurious triggering. Modulation makes the signal
from IR LED stand out above the noise. Infrared diodes have a package that is
opaque to visible light but transparent to infrared. The massive use of IR LEDs in
remote controls and safety alarm systems has drastically reduced the pricing of IR
diodes in the market.

Fig. 3.3: IR LED

4. Photo diode: These diodes also have an anode and cathode just like normal LED.
But, unlike LED’s these do not emit light. Instead, when they detect light they allow
some current to flow through it. The amount of current that flows through the
Photodiode is directly proportional the amount of light detected by the Photodiode.
Due to this property of Photodiode, it is fairly used in situations where light has to be
detected. It is also commonly used with IR transmitter (IRLED) to form an IR pair
and used in applications like object detection, counter, encoder and much more.
Fig. 3.4: Photo Diode

5. Potentiometers: Resistors are also classified based on how much current it can
allow; this is called Power (wattage) rating. The higher the power rating the bigger
the resistor gets and it can also more current. For potentiometers the power rating is
0.3W and hence can be used only for low current circuits.

Fig. 3.5: Potentiometer

Schematic Diagram:

Fig. 3.6: IR Sensor Schematic Diagram


Printed Circuit Board Layout:

Fig.3.7: IR Sensor PCB Layout

Discussions and Challenges:


In this experiment the instructor taught how to design a schematic diagram of pulse width. An
insight was given about the line following mechanism and the role of the gentries. Eagle
software is an easy to use software but it has to upgrade its pick and drop feature since many
a times the object starts rotating too much, or doesn’t get picked up.
Signature of Faculty

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