GREEN COMPUTING

Priya1, Shalini2, Alamelu Valliappan3

InformationTtechnology,Jeppiaar Engineering College
Chennai India
1
[email protected], shalini@yddddd, [email protected]

Abstract— In todays world with increased growth in Eco-friendly management controls can monitor cooling
technology it is also needed to develop environmentally requirements, reducing power consumption associated with air
sustainable technology..This is achieved with green conditioning, especially in large data centers. You can use software
computing.Green computing is the environmentally to route activities and maximize hardware utilization. This is
responsible use of computers and related resources .It is especially important with sprawling infrastructure footprints that may
nothing but the efficient usage of computer and its resources so as to previously have relied on multiple distributed racks of hardware
maintain a smooth balance with environment.The hazards to the running similar processes or patiently consuming energy while
environment caused by the computers need to be minimized.This idling. Software can be used to direct the flow of activity much like a
paper initially deals with certain techniques that provides efficient constable directs traffic, and can maximize the use of running
greener technology .Trivial solutions are proposed in relation to equipment while allowing the support hardware time to rest at lower
these ideas. energy consumption levels. Such advances in technology can be
applied to numerous devices, using the principles of eco-friendly
computing to manage thermostats, lighting, and other energy starved
devices.
Keywords—
One of the earliest initiatives toward green computing in the
I. INTRODUCTION United States was the voluntary labeling program known as
Energy Star. It was conceived by the Environmental Protection
Green computing is the modernized approach of using computing
Agency (EPA) in 1992 to promote energy efficiency in
resources efficiently. The need to reduce the use of hazardous
hardware of all kinds. The Energy Star label became a
materials, maximize energy efficiency during lifetime, promote
common sight, especially in notebook computers and displays.
recyclability are the key factors which encourages the growth of
Similar programs have been adopted in Europe and Asia.
green computing. Green computing is the atmost requirement to
protect the environment and save energy. Green computing analysis
II. ENERGY CONSERVATION
the needs of the users and tries to satisfy with the minimal loss
incurred to both environment and resources. The features of green Energy is the atmost need of mankind ,although consumption of
computers are efficiency, manufacturing materials; recyclability, energy is increasing day by day.” Energy can neither be created nor
service model, self processing and other trends. destroyed” is the universal energy conservation law. But energy can
be conserved in many ways.If this rate of usage continues energy
Eco-friendly computing is all about minimizing available will not be able to cater the needs of many. Computers play
environmental impact and getting the most out of technology—be it a vital role in this usage of energy, but it is impossible to cut down
through enhanced efficiency, improved power management or better the usage of computers so as to save energy. Hence methods needed
thermal management. It is also about using materials that have to be adopted to allow efficient usage of energy with computers
reduced environmental impact and are environment friendly. Hence, playing their part well. Green computing is a well established
Green IT not only addresses the need to protect the environment but platform to support this. Government regulation, however well-
also has a significant business benefit. Many organizations have also intentioned, is only part of an overall green computing philosophy.
recognized the merit of publicly proclaiming corporate social The work habits of computer users and businesses can be modified to
responsibility with environmental protection policies. However, the minimize adverse impact on the global environment. Here are some
most substantial reason for the recent rise in demand for eco-friendly steps that can be taken:
hardware, software, and recycling solutions is awareness of the
measurable impact to the bottom line. Money saved from energy to • Power-down the CPU and all peripherals during extended
power or cool systems goes directly to the bottom line. Recurring periods of inactivity.
savings are the primary driving force for Green IT, and the ability to • Try to do computer-related tasks during contiguous,
generate cash for trash is the incentive for participation in recycling intensive blocks of time, leaving hardware off at other times.
initiatives for many companies. Eco-friendly computing is not just • Power-up and power-down energy-intensive peripherals
about being environmental friendly, but effectively managing costs. such as laser printers according to need.
Energy efficient products, technology trends such as smart
virtualization and a planned approach to data center practices are all
• Use liquid-crystal-display (LCD) monitors rather than
about eco friendly computing. Eco-friendly computing not only help cathode-ray-tube (CRT) monitors.
in delivering significant cost savings and increased flexibility in • Use notebook computers rather than desktop computers
managing IT resources, but also compliance with environmental whenever possible.
regulations for any organization. • Use the power-management features to turn off hard drives
and displays after several minutes of inactivity.
 • Minimize the use of paper and properly recycle waste on the promise of cloud computing by opening the way for a PC-like
paper. user experiences on endpoints that are completely independent of
• Dispose of e-waste according to federal, state and processor architectures, protocol limitations, and unmanageable
local regulations. software stacks.
Employ alternative energy sources for
computing workstations, servers,networks and data centers The usage of computer in this world has more negative effects.
Computers are not very energy efficient and are even less so when
The following are two important approaches used to support green they have a large monitor screen. The substances which we are using
computing environment. in the computers like cadmium, mercury and arsenic are very toxic in
nature which makes the discarded computer into toxic waste. This
1. Green computing devices. causes bad effects on the environment. To overcome this we can see
2. Virtualization. for eco friendly wooden computers which will use less energy for its
Green computing devices is all about using --------- performance. PC World, UK manufacturers, is set to release their
------------- wooden computer to the market in October 2007. The computers will
take normally 300 watts to run, but wooden computers will take only
III. GREEN COMPUTING DEVICES 40 watts. Another feature that cuts down on energy use is from the
Green computing devices are free from the energy, waste, and carbon replacement of the LED power lit buttons with plain buttons. By
in manufacturing using and disposal in companies, IT industry. using the wooden computer, it will be possible to save money on
BAMBOO GADGETS,Eco-friendly computer peripherals made of your energy bills. The usage of fans is avoided incase of wooden
bamboo. SOLAR CHARGING DOCK, to charge the ipod/iphone computers which is an added advantage when compared to the
using solar charger. YOGEN CHARGER, a green charger. existing plastic one.
MINIWIZ BATTERY,a two sources battery ,uses wind and sun.
VAIO W SERIES 212X ECO EDITION,eco-friendly mini notebook
computers comprised of 23% of recycled cds. Other green computing
devices are Oregon advanced wireless appliance manager and IV. VIRTUALIZATION
Tenrehte PICO watt smart plug etc.. VIA technologies, Taiwanese
Virtualization is the creation of platform in hardware, OS or storage
company produces mother boards, CPU’s in eco-friendly manner.
devices. The concept originated with the IBM mainframe operating systems o
but was commercialized for x86-compatible computers only in the 1
In may 2007, IBM works for the project big green which says about virtualization, a system administrator could combine several physical system
energy efficient programs. Zonbu was first company to have for machines on one single, powerful system, thereby unplugging the original h
green computers. American company, EVEREX ,Impact GC3502 reducing power and cooling consumption. Virtualization can assist in distribu
says about green PCCISCO produces the eco-friendly devices that that servers are either busy, or put in a low power sleep state. Several
minize the energy. Penn state has a shop for eco-friendly computer companies and open-source projects now offer software packages to enable a
stores. Cisco, Dell, steria India, Zylog systems & many shoppers stop virtual computing. Intel Corporation and AMD have also built proprietary
started to use green computers. Apple introduced a program for enhancements to the x86instruction set into each of their CPU product lines
customers to dispose the old and unwanted CPU’s & other devices. facilitate virtualized computing.Virtualization can be done as network virtu
Intel atom processor creates a computer free from hazardous application virtualisation.
materials.
Network virtualization is the creation of a virtualized network
European Union (EU) made the producers to produce computing addressing space within or across network subnets
resources free from toxic wastes. Under writers laboratories (UL)
producing green computers. Pano logic’s zero client device have won January 15, 2007 innoTek released Virtual Box Open Source Edition
prestigious green design award. The Pano Logic zero client (OSE), the first professional PC virtualization solution released as
represents every virtue of green design, which inclues minimal open source under the GNU General Public License (GPL). It
simplicity, very low energy consumption, and the use of readily includes some code from the Qemu project.
available and sustainable materials for its manufacture. The Pano
Logic zero client platform is a complete end-to-end solution purpose- Sun releases Solaris 8 Containers to enable migration of a Solaris 8
built for desktop virtualization, reducing the complexity and computer into a Solaris Container on a Solaris 10 system - for
management of virtual desktops and slashing TCO by as much as 80 SPARC only
percent. The patent-pending Pano Direct technology eliminates the
need for costly processing power at the endpoint, making it possible
to have an endpoint device that contains NO processor, NO operating January 15, 2008 VMware, Inc. announced it has entered into a
system, NO memory, NO drivers, NO firmware, NO software, NOR definitive agreement to acquire Thinstall, a privately-held application
any moving parts, completely eliminating endpoint management and virtualization software company.
security breaches.
February 12, 2008 Sun Microsystems announced that it had entered
The Pano Device uses less energy than a light bulb, or 97 percent less into a stock purchase agreement to acquire innotek, makers of
than a PC, drastically reducing energy costs for organizations and VirtualBox.
companies worldwide. Pano logic solves problems which is created
by the distributed pc, limited terminal services, and repurposed thin In April, VMware releases VMware Workstation 6.5 beta, the first
clients or related architectures, while providing end users with the program for Windows and Linux to enable DirectX 9 accelerated
best possible user experience. The Pano zero client platform delivers graphics on Windows XP guests
Network Virtualization:

fig2
Fig 1
Crossbow provides the building blocks for network virtualization and
Network virtualisation is the combination of the hardware, resource control by virtualizing the stack and NIC around any service
software,& network functionality to a single virtual network.Every (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, NFS, etc.), protocol or Virtual machine.
hardware and software are considered a single collection of
resources.
It shares the storage, bandwidth, applications and other network Each virtual stack can be assigned its own priority and bandwidth on
resources. a shared NIC without causing any performance degradation. The
Network virtualization solutions can consolidate multiple physical architecture dynamically manages priority and bandwidth resources,
networks into one virtual network. They can also logically segment a and can provide better defense against denial-of-service attacks
single physical network into multiple logical networks as shown in directed at a particular service or virtual machine by isolating the
fig 1.Users share all network resources from a single computer. impact just to that entity. The virtual stacks are separated by means
This optimizes network speed, reliability, flexibility, scalability and of H/W classification engine such that traffic for one stack does not
security. impact other virtual stacks.
They are generally used in Organizations because of its
customization and ease in use..It is of two forms external and APPLICATION VIRTUALIZATION
internal network virtualisation.External is the combination of one or
more networks subdivided into virtual networks using VLAN and Application virtualization is an umbrella term that describes
network switch.Internal is the system wide sharing and other software technologies that improve portability, manageability and
networks to the software containers, works as hosting environments compatibility of applications by encapsulating them from the
in a single physical system. underlying operating system on which they are executed Application
Network virtualization is the next step to increasing your data virtualization (also known as application portability or application
center’s efficiency, scalability and ease of management.Blade’s service virtualization) is the practice of running software from a
switch-resident VMready with Virtual Vision is a unique solution remote server rather than on the user's computer. Dynamic link
that enables the network to be Virtual Machine aware, so that your library (DLL) programs redirect all the virtualized application's calls
network can be configured and managed for 1000s of virtual ports (v- to the server's file system. When software is run from the server in
ports), rather than just a few physical ports. this manner, no changes are made to the local computer's operating
system (OS), file system or registry. Computing resources are
Virtualization is used in organizations for reasons like: allocated based on changing requirements in real time. . A fully
virtualized application is not installed in the traditional sense,
although it is still executed as if it were.
• Enhance enterprise agility.
• Improve network efficiency. Benefits of application virtualization :->
• Reduce capital and operational costs.
• Maintain high standards of security, scalability, Advantages of application virtualization include:
manageability, and availability throughout the campus
design. • Cost savings on hardware.
• Cost savings on software and OS licenses.
An example for network virtualization:
• Ability to handle large and fluctuating work volume.
• Ability to run multiple versions of an application
program concurrently on a single computer.
• Ease of application management, upgrading and migration.
 • Ability to leverage resources without adversely impacting computing is facing many crises due to many socio-economic matters
users. and those are to be overcome to pull India into green computing.
• Optimal utilization of existing hardware. Technology is the mother of inventions. With the greenest motive a
greener technology can be developed rather than having a series of
• Flexibility in the acquisition of hardware resources. invention. The more conservative, the more sustainable is the
• Enhanced system reliability and scalability. technology.

fewer resources can be replaced by separate virtual machine.

They can run applications that are not written correctly, for example VI. REFERENCES
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An example of this virtualisation is the critix application

virtualisation technology.Citrix application virtualization technology
isolates applications from the underlying operating system and from
other applications to increase compatibility and manageability. As a
modern application delivery solution, XenApp virtualizes
applications via integrated application streaming and isolation
technology. This application virtualization technology enables
applications to be streamed from a centralized location into an
isolation environment on the target device where they will execute.
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environment that proxies all requests to the operating system.

V. CONCLUSION
With the improving trend in technical world green computing
becomes an essential factor at present. Though speed and price of
the computer play a vital role in deciding the purchase plans of the
buyers its notable that it is eco-friendly.leaving . Green computers
will be one of the major contributions which break-down the ‘digital
divide’, the electronic gulf that separates the information rich from
information poor. The approaches strive to achieve this situation with
many methods. Green computing must not be a factor that can exist
in words alone but must be in action and organizational policy .Green