INSTALL FORMWORK COMPONENTS

: INSTALLING FORMWORKS
: This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitude in selecting and preparing materials and tools
for installing formworks, Laying- out/assembling scaffolds and braces, setting/fixing form panels of
building components.

Upon completion of this module, the trainee/student must be able to:

LO 1. Select and prepare materials and tools for installing formworks
LO 2. Lay-out/assemble scaffolds and braces
LO 3. Set/fix form panels of building components

INFORMATION SHEET 1-1

Tools, materials and equipment for fabricating formwork
A. Tools:
1. Claw hammer is used to drive and pull out nails.
2. Pencil is a cylindrical instrument containing chalk, lead
or carbon used for marking.
3. Pull-push rule is a measuring tool made of flexible steel
rolled in a case
4. Steel square is a highly accurate tool made of flat steel
throughout its body used to square big projects used as
squaring the foundation of the building
5. Try square is smaller than the steel square used to test
the square ness of small pieces of work.
6. Cross cut saw is used to cut wood across the grain for the
purpose of reducing its length.
7. Chalk line is used for marking straight line.
B. Equipment:
1. Proper foot protection - Wear footwear of an appropriate type at the places where there are
falling objects, sharp- edged tools, nails, abnormally wet surface or slippery surfaces.
2. Hand protection - Wear suitable gloves or guantes when employed at places where the hands may
be exposed to injuries from sharp or rough points, edges or surface objects.
C. Materials
1. Lumber is the term applied to wood after it is sawed or sliced into boards, planks, flitch etc. for
commercial purposes.
2. Nails are round piece of metal with flat head on one end and pointed at the other used to join
numbers of the project together.

Review Information Sheet No. 1.1-2 on Material Specifications, Information Sheet No. 1.1-4 on Tools,
Materials and Equipment for Staking out Building Lines

INFORMATION SHEET NO. 3.1-2 PROPERTIES OF WOOD

INFORMATION SHEET 1-2 Wood Defects
Bow
A curve along the face of a board that usually runs from end to end.

Checking
A crack in the wood structure of a piece, usually running lengthwise. Checks are usually restricted to
the end of a board and do not penetrate as far as the opposite side of a piece of sawn timber.

Crook
Warping along the edge from one end to the other. This is most common in wood that was cut from
the center of the tree near the pith.

Cupping
Warping along the face of a board across the width of the board. This defect is most common on
plain-sawn lumber.

Split
A longitudinal separation of the fibers which extend to the opposite face of a piece of sawn timber.

Twist
Warping in lumber where the ends twist in opposite directions.

Wane
The presence of bark or absence of wood on corners of a piece of lumber.

Blue Stain
A discoloration that penetrates the wood fiber. It can be any color other than the natural color of the
piece in which it is found. It is classed as light, medium or heavy and is generally blue or brown.

Machine Burn
A darkening of the wood due to overheating by the machine knives or rolls when pieces are stopped
in a machine.

Pitch
An accumulation of resinous material on the surface or in pockets below the surface of wood. It is
also called gum or sap.
Loose Knot
A knot that cannot be relied upon to remain in place in the piece. It is caused by a dead branch that
was not fully integrated into the tree before it was cut down.

Tight Knot
A knot fixed by growth or position in the wood structure so that it firmly retains its place in the
surrounding wood.

Wormholes
Small holes in the wood caused by insects and beetles.

Wood Properties Physical Properties

 Moisture content is the ratio of the mass of water contained in the mass of the same sample of dry
wood.
 Shrinkage occurs when wood loses moisture below the fiber saturation point.
 Density of wood is determined by the amount of cell wall substance and the volume of voids by
the cell cavities (lumens) of the fibers
 Permeability is influenced by the anatomy of the wood cells.
 The mass properties of wood are conductivity, heat, and
coefficient of thermal expansion.
 Electrical properties of wood are the dielectric constant and the dielectric power factor alternating
current.

Mechanical Properties
 Elasticity of wood depends on grain orientation, moisture, species, temperature and rate of
loading.
 Strength is dependent upon rate of loading, species, moisture, contents, orientation, temperature,
size and location of natural characteristics such as knots, and specimen size.
 Vibration damping and sound velocity are two primary vibration phenomena of interest in
structural application.

INFORMATION SHEET 2-1

Lay out and cut to dimension, form sheeting and stiffeners

You will acquire the basic knowledge in lay outing and cutting of forms, materials.
 SAFE and EFFECTIVE USE OF POWER and HAND TOOLS
 TOOLS FOR LAYOUTING SHEETING
Pull push rule
 Don’t pull out the maximum length of the rule so that you will not destroy the tool
Try Square
 Don’t use this tool for driving nails
Claw Hammer
 Avoid pulling bigger nails
Chalk line
 Take care of its chord and always check the oil

Note: Always use tools and equipments according to their uses and
functions to prolong their life.

ECONOMIC USE OF MATERIALS

Tips for avoiding waste of construction materials.
-Study carefully the plan and detailed drawing.
-From the given detailed drawing, study its different parts,
including their sizes.
- When cutting lumbers, always refer to the schedule of cutting -Always determine the methods of
measurement used in the plan for
marking
-Always remember the principles for cutting “measure twice and cut
once”
-In cutting lumber and plywood, always use effective tools.

INFORMATION SHEET NO. 3.1-3 HOUSEKEEPING

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to KNOW and APPLY HOUSEKEEPING at all times.
Formwork construction because of its constantly changing work environment, restricted access
through frames and formwork supports and a large volume of material and waste, requires ongoing
monitoring of housekeeping practices.
A. Access
Clear access is important for the safe movement of materials, equipment and persons on site.
Designated access ways must be provided. Persons must be instructed to use the access ways and
keep them clear of any excess wastes, plant or materials. In some situations, it may be necessary to
use hazard taping or other visual methods to clearly show where access ways are located. This is
particularly important where access is required through formwork frames.
Emergency access and egress must be considered and provided to all parts of the workplace where
persons are required to work.
B. Material storage
1. Materialsmustbestoredsoastominimizemanualtaskshazards,trip hazards and the potential for
falling objects.
2. Itispreferabletolaywallformsflatonthegroundinsteadofleaningthem against structures or other
forms.
3. Timbers,oranothereffectivemeans,mustbeprovidedundertheformswhere slings are to be placed
under the forms for crane lifting.
4. Wallformsmustbestackedinsuchawaythattheycannotmoveawayor rotate from the surface they are
placed against.
5. Incorrectmaterialsdeliveryandstoragecancreatesignificantmanual handling tasks. Safe work
practices to minimize exposure to these risks include:
• ensuring the formwork materials are delivered as close as possible to the
job
• designing and designating a small section of the formwork as a loading platform to load ply and
other components
• ensuring mechanical aids are used to handle loads wherever possible
• storing loads on trolleys to minimize double handling or on raised
platforms to minimize manual lifting from ground level
• having adequate storage space or lay down area to safely store materials
and equipment and to minimize double handling
C. Storing and Disposing of Waste Materials at the Workplace
Waste material storage and removal for formwork may include the provision of garbage skips and
wheel barrows that are moved as work progresses. However, garbage skips should only be
positioned where the supporting structure has adequate strength to support the total weight of the
bin and likely contents.

INFORMATION SHEET NO. 3.2-1 TYPES OF SCAFFOLDS

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to KNOW the definition of SCAFFOLDS and
SCAFFOLDINGS and RECOGNIZE the different MATERIALS and TYPES of SCAFFOLDING
Scaffold–A temporary structure from which persons can gain access to a place in order to carry out
building operation
Scaffolding–Method of construction of scaffolds is called scaffolding. Scaffold can be made of the
following materials:

a. Tubular steel
• 3 times heavier than aluminum alloy
tubes but far stronger
• longer span can be used
• galvanized steel tubes and ungalvanized
steel tubes are types of steel scaffolds

b. Tubular aluminum alloy

• Needs protective treatment when used
in contact with damp line, wet cement
and sea water
• Coating the tube with bituminus paint
before using it as protective treatment

c. Timber
• Extensively used in the developing
countries
• Members are lashed together with wire
or rope instead of coupling fittings used with metal scaffolds

Following are the types of scaffolds

INFORMATION SHEET NO. 3.2-2 DIFFERENT SCAFFOLD FITTINGS AND THEIR USES
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to RECOGNIZE the DIFFERENT SCAFFOLD FITTINGS
and their USES.
Scaffold fittings
1. DoubleCoupler–Itjoinsledgersandstandards.
2. SwivelCoupler–Composedoftwosinglecouplersandusedtojointwo
scaffolds at any angle.
3. PutlogCoupler–Usedtojoinputlogswithtransom.
4. BasePlate–Usedatthebaseofthestandards.
5. SplitjointPin–It’saconnectionfittingusedtojoinscaffoldtubes.
6. RevealPin–Itfitintotheendofatubetoformanadjustablestrut.
7. Putlogend–Aflatplateusedattheendofascaffoldtoconvertitintoaputlog.
INFORMATION SHEET NO. 3.2-3 SCAFFOLDS SAFETY RULES
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to APPLY SAFETY RULES in ERECTING SCAFFOLDS at
all times
These safety rules cover generalized situations only and should not be used to replace any other
additional safety and precautionary measures that may be necessary to cover the many usual or
unusual conditions encountered during installation or dismantling.
1. FollowsafepracticeofthesafetyrulesandcomplywithOH&Slawsand other federal, state and local
rules, codes and regulations pertaining to scaffolding during any use of the equipment.
2. Thepotentiallyhazardousnatureofscaffoldingassemblymakesit important that all personnel
assigned to this work be instructed in theses safety rules, safe practices and procedures and be
under the supervision of an experienced person. Ensure that these Safety rules are posted and that
all assemblers and users of the scaffold are aware of and follow them.
3. Reportanyunsafeconditionstosupervisors.Donotworkorallow persons to work on scaffolds when
sick or suffering from dizziness, unsteadiness or any other physical symptom which could affect their
ability to work safe.
4. Inspectallequipmentbeforeuse.Neveruseanyequipmentwhichis damaged, defective, or
deteriorated in any way.
5. Inspectassembledscaffoldfrequentlyandbesurethatitismaintainedina safe condition, ensure that
the scaffold connection have not become loosened and that components have not been improperly
released or removed.
6. Maintainallequipmentingoodrepair.Neverusecorrodedorexcessively rusted equipment; the
strength of such equipment is not known.
7. Consultyourscaffoldingsupplierwhenindoubt.Nevertakechances.
8. Alwaysreadthesesafetyrulesinconjunctionwithallsafetyregulations.
9. Alwaysplacescaffoldsonasound,stablesurfaceandassurethatitis
adequate to support the intended scaffold loads. Never place scaffolds on
unstable where loose objects could tip, break or become dislodged.
10.Lift and lower components carefully and safely. Use tag lines where appropriate to the handling
method. Never allow excessive quantities of
components to be stockpiled on partially complete scaffolds. Stock only sufficient components
consistent with the progress of the work. Lower dismantled components as soon as possible. Never
drop components deliberately.
11. The tieing of the scaffold to the structure is of great importance to the stability and safety of the
scaffold. Assure that the structure to which the scaffold is tied or anchored is capable of safely
supporting all loads imposed by the scaffold.
12.Free standing scaffolds other than wall scaffolds must be restrained from tipping by guying or
other means or otherwise stabilized as appropriate, recognizing that stability is essential to the
safety of the scaffold.
13.Install guardrails, midrails, and toeboards at all openings, open sides, and ends of every work
platform
14.Never use ladders or makeshift devices on tops of scaffold to increase the height. Never place
plank on or stand on guardrails and mid-rails.
15.Power lines near scaffolds are dangerous. Use extreme caution and consult the electrical
company to have the lines de-energized, insulated, or otherwise rendered safe. Never allow any
installation or use of scaffolds until this is completed.
16.Proper care and precautions must be taken when using cantilevers to prevent tripping of the
scaffold
17.For mobile scaffolds following these additional safety rules
a) Never ride mobile scaffolds.
b) Remove all materials and equipment from the scaffold before moving.
c) Lockcastorandoutriggerbrakeswhenscaffoldisnotbeingmoved.
d) Donotattempttomovemobilescaffoldwithoutsufficienthelpandrollon
even surfaces only.
e) The maximum platform height of a mobile scaffold must not be exceeded.
All OH &S laws must comply when using mobile scaffold.
f) Move the scaffold using the bottom frame. Never attempt to move the
scaffold when on top.
g) If mobile scaffolds are used outdoors, care must be taken to assure that
they cannot become unstable due to wind or other conditions.
18.Do not overload scaffolds. Refer to and do not exceed the scaffold load
capacities.

INFORMATION SHEET NO. 3.2-4 ASSEMBLE SCAFFOLDING

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to ERECT SCAFFOLDS. Procedures in Assembling
Scaffolds
Step 1 Attach side brace B to two frames A
• Pull L-shape lock pin at each end of side brace to the disengaged position.
• While holding L-shape pin in disengaged position, place U-channel on
each end of side brace B around leg of frame A at desired platform height.
• Release lock pin and be sure that pin fully engages into hole in frame A
leg.
Step 2 Attach second brace B to two frames A. Repeat instructions in Step 1.
WARNING:
• Both side braces must be positioned at the same height on the frames so
that the platform will be level.
• Be sure all 4 L-shape lock pins are fully engaged in holes of frames.
• Be sure all 4 L-shape lock pins are in the locked position.
Step3 InstallplatformConsidebracesBsothattheplatformisfullyseatedwithin inner channel on top of
side braces.
Step4 Rotatetheplatformclipsintotheengagedposition.
Step5 Install4castorsDintolegsofframeAandpinwithlockpinsE.
Step6 Install4outriggersintolegsofbottomframe.
Step 7 While standing on first platform, insert third frame A into top of first mobile scaffold frame.
Then insert fourth frame A into top of first mobile scaffold frame.
Step8 AttachsecondsidebraceBtotwoframesAensuringtheL-shapelockpin attach end of side brace is
engaged. And repeat other side.
Step9 InstallplatformasperStep3and4.
Step 10Install guardrail.

WARNING:
• Recheck all side brace lock pins for full engagement before accessing platform.
• Recheck platform to be sure it is properly seated within side brace channel and the platform clips
are fully engaged before accessing.
• When accessing platform, climb over top of frame ladder – DO NOT SWING AROUND SIDE FRAME.

INFORMATION SHEET NO. 3.3-1 FORMWORK COMPONENTS ASSEMBLY

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to APPLY the STEPS IN ASSEMBLING FORMWORK
COMPONENTS
The method and sequence of erecting formwork may vary depending on the availability of lifting
equipment and whether reinforcing cages are available. Forms are usually handled manually, by
small derrick, or by crane. The erect formwork activity includes the process of lifting, positioning, and
aligning the different formwork elements. This activity also includes the process of applying the form
release agent or coating that prevents bonding of concrete to forms. The concrete life cycle starts
after the erect formwork activity is finished with placing inserts and reinforcement activity.
A. Constructing a Wall/Column Form
Construct column forms from the lowest point to the highest point. Follow these steps when
constructing a concrete form:
1. Ensuretogetthecolumnforminsidedimensionsandheight.
2. Ensurethatthefollowingmaterialsareavailable:
 • Sheathing
• Yokes
• Battens
• Yoke locks
• No. 4 reinforcing material
• Tie wire
3. Buildthefootingform(referto Information sheet no. 2.2-1).
4. Buildthecolumn-formsides(referto Information sheet 2.2-1).
4.1 Fasten the column sides. After the four sides of the column form have been constructed, fasten
them together and set them in place.

NOTE: The column form should have

a clean-out hole in the bottom to
remove construction debris. The
pieces of lumber removed from the clean-out hole should be nailed to the form so they can be
replaced right before placing concrete in the column.
4.2 Install the yoke locks.
4.2.1 Sheathing-type yoke lock. Fasten this type of lock to the yokes with nails or screws.
4.2.2 Bolt-type yoke lock. Drill holes where the yokes intersect and insert bolts, washers, and nuts.
4.2.3 Tighten until they are snug. If available, wing nuts work the best.
4.2.4 Scab-type yoke lock. Cut scabs out of scrap 2- by 4-inch lumber and secure with wood
fasteners.
B. Constructing an Overhead Form
1. Constructaconcrete-overhead-beamform 1.1 Set the form bottom.
1.1.1 Make the width of the soffit out of 2-inch material, exactly like that of the member being
formed, and its length equal to the distance between the columns or the spans.
1.1.2 Cut the two ends of the form bottom at a 45-degree angle to produce a chamfer at the junction
of the beam bottom and column.
1.2 Nail the chamfer strips with beveled ends to the beam-form bottom, flush with the outside edge.
NOTE: Chamfer strips are small pieces of wood (about 1 inch by 1 inch). 1.3 Cut the studs to the
length called for in the specifications.
1.4 Cut and fasten the sheathing.
1.4.1 Use either 1-inch tongue and groove lumber or plywood.
1.4.2 Cut the sheathing should be cut to the length called for in the specifications and fasten it to the
studs to create both side panels.
1.4.3 Nail sheathing sides so that they overlap the bottom piece of the form.
1.5 Cutandinstallthetemporaryspreaders.
1.5.1 Cut the temporary spreaders to the beam as stated in the specifications.
1.5.2 Install the temporary spreaders by using double-headed forming nails.
1.6 Install the shoring.
1.6.1 Use a large quantity of shoring to offset the downward hydrostatic pressure placed on the form
bottom. Commercial adjustable-metal forms are available and are probably the best and easiest type
of shoring to use on beam and girder forms (Figure 052-236-1165-2). Heavy timber such as 4- by 4-
inch lumber is normally available and works fine.
1.6.2 Install shoring so that the beam form remains level.

C. Constructing a Concrete-Slab Form

1. Constructawooden-formslab
1.1 Construct the formwork. Measure and mark the side-form material to the required lengths.
1.1.1 Make two pieces the actual length of the slab and two pieces length of the slab plus two times
the thickness of the material. 1.1.2 Nail the form sides together at the corners.
1.2 Place and secure the formwork.
1.2.1 Place the formwork at the specified location.

1.2.2 Square the forms by using the diagonal method.

1.2.3 Drive the stakes at all the corners and approximately 3 feet along the entire perimeter of the
form.
1.2.4 Level the formwork, then nail the forms to the stakes.
1.3 Cut and place polyethylene plastic in the bottom of the form as a vapor barrier.

Steps in Setting and Fixing Form Panels/Components

Assembly
Equipment, Tools and Materials:
 Steel square
 Plumb bob
 spirit level
 Personal Protective equipment
Conditions:
1. Equipment, Tools and materials must be on properly checked.
2. The setting /fixing area must be clear from any obstruction.
3. Fixed Form Panel should appear like the drawing shown.
Procedure:
1. Prepare the area for the panel setting.
2. Prepare the panels and components.
3. Set the form panel based on the given drawing.
4. Connect the side panel connector’s elements and web.
5. Check the squareness, plumbness and levelness using the
prescribed tools.
6. Let your teacher check your work if you are done.
7. Perform good housekeeping after the operation.
Precautions:
1. Always wear appropriate body protection.
2. Observe safety precautions while perform.

Stripping Formwork Components

Materials, Tools and Equipment:
Tools:
 Claw Hammer
 Crow Bar
 Cold Chisel
 Nail Box
Equipment:
 Personal Protective Equipment
 Scaffolding Materials:
 Plan and working drawings
1.1 Stripping column forms
Procedure:
1. Prepare tools and equipment needed.
Note:
a. Always observe safety measures because stripping form is a very dangerous work on the part of
the worker. Be careful in removing the forms because the materials and fresh concrete output when
damaged, can’t be used again.
b. Remember that the fresh concrete can already carry its weight after 18 hours or more from the
pour of the concrete.
2. Remove braces
3. Remove the cleats
4. Remove/pull out nails used in the 4 sides forms with the use
of claw hammer, claw bar or pincer.
5. Remove tie/wires or bolts with the use of pliers or wrench.
6. Make a soft hammer strike on the form to loosen it from the
concrete.
7. Insert the crow bar between the form and the fresh concrete
and slowly segregate the form to avoid damage of the fresh concrete.
8. When the form is already removed, pull out all the left pointed nails. Do the same on removed
cleats and braces.
9. Clean the form and stock pile.
10. Perform good housekeeping.

SELF-CHECK 1-1
Direction: Write on your answer sheet the letter that
corresponds to the best answer.
1. It is accurately by used to test the squareness of smaller objects
a. steel square b. try-square c. crow bar d. spirit level
2. It is a tool used to drive and to pull out nails.
a. claw hammer b. plumb bob c. chalk line d. try square
3. It is a testing tool used to check the vertical alignment of the form installation.
a. steel square b. plumb bob c. spirit level d. Chalk line
4. It is commonly used in constructing forms
a. G.I. sheet b. plywood c. plyboard d. T & G
5. It is a tooth-cutting tool used to cut wood across
a. cross-cut saw b. bard saw c. rip saw d. key-hole
saw
6. It is a straight iron bar with point flattened and sometimes set at an angle.
a. Steel square b. crow bar c. spirit level d. try-square
7. It is a tool used to make straight line on surface
a. crow bar b. chalk line c. spirit level d. pencil
8. What are hard coverings used for personal protection
a. safety hat b. gloves c. safety shoes d. safety belt
9. It is a wide leather strap with hook used as a protection of an individual from accident fall.
a. safety hat b. safety belt c. safety shoes d. gloves
10. It is a clothing worn during actual work.
a. over all b. jacket c. belt d. suspender

SELF-CHECK 1-2
Direction: Write the letter that corresponds to the best answer on your answer sheet.
1. It is a type of wood defect that is caused by improper storage.
a. bow b. crack c. crook d. cup

2. It is the darkening of the wood due to over heating by the machine knives
a. pitch b. burn c. split d. twist

3. It is a property of wood to resist electrical flow.

a. conductor b. insulator c. elastic d. durable
4. It is a wood defect that is caused by rapid drying.
a. checks b. split c. cup d. bow

5. This defect can be caused when one side of the board dries faster.
a. cup b. split c. wane d. crook

6. It is a specific heat of wood dependent on _______.

a. moisture content b. temperature c. saturation point d. insulation

7. Mechanical properties of wood include _________.

a. elasticity b. strength c.variation characteristic d. all of
these

8. It is a longitudinal separation of the fibers which extends to

the opposite face of a piece of sawn timber.
a. cupping b. split c. twist d. wane

9. It is a wood defect caused by insects and beetles.

a. worm holes b. split c. twist d. bow

10. It is the warping of lumber where the ends twist in opposite direction .
a. twist b. split c. bow d. wane

SELF-CHECK 1-1
I. Directions: Write on a sheet of paper what is asked for in each item.
______________1. It is used to protect the hand from sharp objects. ______________2. It is used to
drive and pull out nails. ______________3. It is the term applied to wood after it is sliced into
boards, planks, flitch etc.
______________4. It is cylindrical instrument containing chalk, lead or
carbon used for marking. ______________5. It is used for marking straight lines.
______________6. It is used for sawing across the grain of wood. ______________7. It is used in
testing and squaring big works. ______________8. It is flexible used for laying out measurements.
II. Directions: Enumerate the items asked for. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
1-4 Factors needed in the selection of materials for forms. 5-7 Give at least three Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)

SELF-CHECK 2-1
LO2 Lay-Out and Cut to dimension of Form Sheeting and Stiffeners
Directions: Write the letter of your chosen answer on your answer sheet.
1. In the absence of circular saw, the alternative tool that may be used for ripping plywood is
a. back saw
b. cross cut saw c. key hole saw d. rip saw
2. Claw hammer is used for
a. driving cold chisel
b. pulling and driving nails c. driving chisel
d. all of the above
3. To avoid waste materials,
a. always refer to schedule before cutting
b. always ask the teacher the quantity of parts to the cut c. apply the direct counting method
d. all of the above
4. To avoid waste construction materials
a. carefully study the plan and specification b. determine the schedule of cutting
c. use appropriate PPE
d. all of the above
5. How does method of cutting affect the efficiency of work?
a. it affects the fitting of parts
b. it increases or decreases the dimension
c. it lessens the strength of form when assembled d. all of the above

SELF- CHECK NO. 3.2-1

Check your mastery in types of scaffolds by completing the tasks below.
Identification: Identify the types of scaffold used based from the following statement. Choose from
the answers below by writing the letter of your answer on the space provided before the number.
a. Tubular steel
b. Tubular aluminum alloy
c. Timber
1. Coated with bituminus paint before using it as protective treatment
2. Three (3) times heavier than aluminum alloy tubes but far stronger
3. Longer span can be used
4. Members are lashed together with wire or rope instead of coupling fittings used with metal
scaffolds
5. Extensively used in the developing countries
6. Needs protective treatment when used in contact with damp line, wet cement and sea water
7. Galvanized steel tubes and ungalvanized steel tubes are types of scaffolds

SELF- CHECK NO. 3.2-2

Check your mastery in different scaffold fittings and their uses by completing the tasks below.
Identification: Identify the types of scaffold fitting from the following statement. Choose your answer
from the fittings below by writing the answer on the space provided before the number.
DOUBLE COUPLER
SWIVEL COUPLER
PUTLOG COUPLER
BASE PLATE
SPLIT JOINT PIN
REVEAL PIN PUTLOG END
_____________________1.
_____________________2. _____________________3. _____________________4.
_____________________5.
_____________________6. _____________________7.
A flat plate used at the end of a scaffold to convert it in to a putlog.
Used at the base of the standards.
It joins ledgers and standards.
Composed of two single couplers and used to join two scaffolds at any angle.
It fit in to the end of a tube to form an adjustable strut.
It’s a connection fitting used to join scaffold tubes. Used to join putlogs with transom.

SELF- CHECK NO. 3.2-3

Check your mastery in scaffolds safety rules by completing the tasks below.
Identification: Read the statement carefully. Supply the missing word or group of words by writing it
on the space provided. Choose your answer from the list below.
Components
Inspect
Ladders
OH&S
Overload
Power lines
Stable
Supervisors
Tieing
Toeboards

1. Alwaysplacescaffoldsonasound,__________surface.
2. Donot_______________scaffolds.
3. _____________nearscaffoldsaredangerous.
4. _____________assembledscaffoldfrequently.
5. Reportanyunsafeconditionsto_____________.
6. Installguardrails,midrails,and_____________atallopenings.
7. Neveruse_____________ormakeshiftdevicesontopsofscaffold.
8. The___________ofthescaffoldtothestructureisofgreatimportancetothe
stability and safety of the scaffold.
9. Followsafepracticeofthesafetyrulesandcomplywith___________laws.
10.Lift and lower ______________ carefully and safely.

ANSWER KEY 3.2-1

Check your answer with the answer key below. If you fail to get it right, refer back to corresponding
resources until you make it perfect.
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A
ANSWER KEY 3.2-2
Check your answer with the answer key below. If you fail to get it right, refer back to corresponding
resources until you make it perfect.
1. Putlogend
2. BasePlate
3. DoubleCoupler 4. SwivelCoupler 5. RevealPin
6. SplitjointPin
7. PutlogCoupler

ANSWER KEY 3.2-3

Check your answer with the answer key below. If you fail to get it right, refer back to corresponding
resources until you make it perfect.
1. Stable
2. Overload
3. Powerlines 4. Inspect
5. Supervisors 6. Toeboards 7. Ladders
8. Tieing
9. OH&S
10. Components

PREPARING STAKEOUT BUILDING LINES I. INTRODUCTION

Welcome to the Learners Module in “Carpentry NC II TLE Grade 9” This module contains training
materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “Prepare Stake-out Building Lines”contains the knowledge, skills and
attitudes required for a Carpentry NC II TLE Grade 9 course.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete each of the
learning outcomes of this module. In each learning outcome there are Information Sheets and
Activity Sheets. Follow these activities on your own and answer the Self-Check at the end of each
learning activity.

PREPARE TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS FOR STAKEOUT BULDING LINES

 Identify tools and materials for stakeout building lines
 Prepare tools,materials and necessary permit for stakeout building
lines.
 Select appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

PRE/DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT
Directions: Match column A with column B. Write your answers on your notebook.
A
1. Falling objects
2. Objects that could puncture the skin
3. Objects that could roll over the worker’s feet
4. Radiation
5. Toxic chemicals
6. Excessive noise
8. It is used to check the verticalness
9. It is used to check squareness
7. A requirement in constructing a building
10. It is used to drive and pull out nails

A. Safety shoes
B. Hard hat
C. Goggles
D. Respirators
E. Gloves
F. Ear muff
G. Plumb bob
H. Steel square
I. Claw hammer
J. Building permit

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1

TYPES AND USES OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

The use of protective clothing and equipment is not the only solution for preventing accident.
It is most important to understand that the primary protection against accidents is to identify
possible hazards and take the necessary safety measures to eliminate the hazard.
When necessary, workers should be provided with protective clothing and other personal protective
equipment.
Types of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
1. Eye and face protection Goggles and face protection must be worn to protect workers from flying
particles, liquid chemicals, acids, chemical gases or vapors. Workers must also be protected from
radiation during welding, touching, soldering, brazing and other operations that emit light.
2. Head protection Hard hats must be worn where there is danger of falling objects. Specialized hard
hats are required to reduce electrical shock hazards.
3. Foot protection Safety shoes with impact protection are required in work areas where heavy
objects or tool could be accidentally dropped on the feet.
Safety shoes with puncture protection are required when working around nails, wires, tacks, scrap
metal and other objects that could pierce the feet.
4. Hand protection Gloves are required to protect workers from cuts, scrapes, punctures, burns,
chemical absorption or extreme temperature
5. Hearing protection Appropriate ear muffs or ear plugs should be worn to lessen the noise in the
workplace.
6. Respirators: Appropriate respirators must be worn as a last resort if it is not possible to ventilate
the work area properly.

INFORMATION SHEET 1.2

TOOLS AND MATERIALS USED FOR STAKING-OUT BUILDING LINES
It is very important to know the names and proper use of each of the various tools we need in our
works. In addition, application on their proper care and maintenance will give the following
advantages: efficiency of the work, quality speed, accomplishment, and accuracy.
INFORMATION SHEET 1.3
CONSTRUCTION COMPANY RULES AND REGULATIONS
To avoid problems and unnecessary expenses, make sure that all necessary
permits are secured from local authorities concerned before conducting activities in the construction
site.
1. A type of authorization must be granted by a government or other regulatory body before the
construction of a new or existing building can legally occur.
2. Relocate the boundaries of the construction, especially lots without existing reference point or
adjoining structures. This job is to be given to a geodetic engineer.
3.Clear all sites of any existing structures, trees and elements that will obstruct the construction
activities. Cutting of trees requires permit from the Department of Enervironment and Natural
Resources (DENR).
4. Allocate space for warehousing, workers’ quarter and construction office which are usually
requirements in the construction embodied in the specification contract.
5. Apply and secure temporary electric power connections and water supply.
6. The site of the construction must be securely fenced to protect the construction activities from
onlookers and passersby and to also protect the materials from pilferage both from the outside and
the inside.
7. Determine the building set back from the road line. Install the stake on the ground at a reasonable
spacing that will fit into the length of the batter board available.

Types of permit that are necessary to secure before constructing a building.

1. Building permit
2. Electrical permit
3. Sanitary and plumbing permit 4. Zoning clearance
5. Fencing permit
6. Permit to cut trees
7. Water installation permit
8. Excavation and ground preparation permit
9. Enclosure permit
10. Mechanical permit
11. Scaffolding permit
12. Sidewalk construction permit

INFORMATION SHEET 2.1

TYPES OF BATTER BOARD
Batter boards are the horizontal boards placed at the corner and at the sides of the projected
building when final layout takes place. The reference for the foundation is marked on these boards.

 Two Types of Batter Boards

1. Batter boards for foundation posts may be either joined by continuous pieces surrounding the site
of foundation or by individual piece for each foundation.
2. Batter boards for the foundation walls are either single or double batter boards which are placed
at corner.
The batter boards should be set as high as the desired height of the foundation. In constructing with
different heights of foundation, the tallest foundation is set as the height of batter boards.

PROCEDURE IN SETTING BATTER BOARD

SELF-CHECK 1.1
TYPES AND USES OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
Directions: Match column A with column B. Write your answers on your notebooks
A
1. Falling objects
2. Objects that could roll over the worker’s feet
3. Heat
4. Radiation
5. Toxic chemicals
6. Excessive noise

B
a. Safety shoes
b. Hard hats
c. Goggles
d. Respirator
e. Gloves
f. Ear muff
SELF-CHECK 1.2
TOOLS AND MATERIALS USED FOR STAKING-OUT BUILDING LINES.
Directions: Identify the tool/material being defined. Write your answers in your notebook.

1. It is used to drive pegs for stake-out.

2. A cone-shaped metal suspended on a string used to check the verticalness of
post or column and other.
3. A tool rolled in a case and is used to layout measurements.
4. It is bigger than try square and used to check squareness of a wider or bigger object.
5. It is used to drive and pull out nails.
6. It is used to check the horizontal levelness of the surface material.
7. It is used to cut pieces of lumber across the grain.
8. It is used to indicate the sides of a building.
9. It is used to cut pegs for stake-out.
10. It is used to mark straight line on a long piece of stock or lumber.

SELF-CHECK 1.3
CONSTRUCTION COMPANY RULES AND REGULATIONS
Direction: TRUE or FALSE. Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and write the word FALSE
if the statement is wrong.
1. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources issues a permit to cut trees.
2. The person who has the authority to relocate the bounderies of the costruction when there is no
existing reference point is the geodetic engineer.
3. Determining the building set back from the road line is not necessary.
4. The site of the construction must be securely fenced to protect the construction activities.
5. Allocating a space for warehousing, workers’ quarter and construction office is not usually
required in the construction.

PRE/DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT 2
Directions: Multiple choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. A horizontal board placed when laying out a building.
a. Facia board b. Batter board c. Panel board d. None
2. What is the distance between the stakes in laying out a building?
a. 2 feet b. 3 feet
c. 4 feet d. 5 feet
3. When constructing a different height of foundation, how do you set the height of the batter
board?
a. according to the height of shortest foundation
b. according to the average height of the foundation. c. according to the height of the tallest
foundation. d. both A and C
4. The term used to mark stake for the batter board?
a. grade stake b. level stake c. stake d. All of these
5. Where do you start leveling for the batter boards?
a. center stake b. Between the corner and center stake c. corner stake d. Both A and C

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Multiple choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. A type of authorization that must be granted by a government or other regulatory body before
the construction of a new or existing building can legally occur.
a. Fencing permit b. Building permit
c. Construction materials d. Tools and equipment needed
2. A personal protective equipment worn to lessen the noise in the workplace.
a. Hearing protection b. Respirators
c. Foot protection d. Eyes and face protection
3. These must be worn as a last resort if it is not possible to ventilate the work area properly.
a. Hearing protection b. Respirators
c. Foot protection d. Eyes and face protection
4. A tool used to test the horizontal levelness of the sufaces of material. a. Plumb bob b. Nylon String
c. Spirit level or level bar d. Steel square
5. This is used to indicate the sides of the building. a. Plumb bob b. Nylon String c. Spirit level or level
bar d. Steel square

Identification: Answer the following statement.

6 What do you call the horizontal boards placed at the corners and at the sides of the projected
building when final layout takes place?
7. It is a flexible strip of metal provided with the scale and used for laying out measurement.
8. This protection is worn to protect the worker from radiation. 9. What do you call to marked stake
for the batter board?
10. Where do you start leveling for the batter boards?

Fill in the blanks: Supply the blanks with the correct word or group of words to complete the
sentence.

PROCEDURE IN SETTING BATTER BOARD

A. Determine the 11 at any of the four corners of the proposed building, Set the stakes at 0.75
to 1m away from the pre-determined building lines, preferably where the grade stake is.
B. On one of the corners, drive a 12 as a high as the desired height of the foundation.
C. Drive in set of posts for the 13 3 feet away from the corners and along the sides. Drive in the
posts firmly. Align these posts with a 14 .
D. Move the height of the foundation from the stakes to the 15 of the batter board. This is
done by stretching a string, leveled with spirit level or level bar from the stake to the post.
E. From the mark of this post, 16 a string going around the corners of the building and passing
at the side of the batter board posts.
F. Level this string with a 17 . Stretch the string tight. Start 18 from the corner stake where the
height of the foundation is established. Re- check the levelness.
G. 19 batter board posts along the line just leveled. These marks are places for the top of the
batter boards.
H. 20 the batter boards in place, the straight side up and at the marks of the posts.