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Genes and Chromosomes: in This Lesson You Should L RN Dbe Ble To

Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for making proteins. Chromosomes are structures made of DNA located in the nucleus that carry genes. In human body cells (except eggs and sperm), there are 23 pairs of chromosomes arranged in pairs, plus one pair of sex chromosomes that determine if a person is male or female. Females have two X chromosomes while males have one X and one Y chromosome.

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2K views5 pages

Genes and Chromosomes: in This Lesson You Should L RN Dbe Ble To

Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for making proteins. Chromosomes are structures made of DNA located in the nucleus that carry genes. In human body cells (except eggs and sperm), there are 23 pairs of chromosomes arranged in pairs, plus one pair of sex chromosomes that determine if a person is male or female. Females have two X chromosomes while males have one X and one Y chromosome.

Uploaded by

chim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Applied Science 10 NAMe: Fechi Osonduajiere

DAte: April 25,2019

Genes and
Chromosomes

In this lesson you should lEArn AN d be Able to:

• Define the terms ‘Gene’ ANd ‘Chromosome’


• Identify where chromosomes Are found in the body
• Describe the bAsic structure ANd fEAtures of A Chromosome
• InvestigAte the huMAN KAryotype
• DiAgnose conditions AssociAted with chromosome AbnorMAlities

Refer to the PowerPoint on this topic to ANSwer the following questions:

1. WHAt is A gene?
a gene is a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some
characteristic of the offspring.

2. WHAt Are genes MAde of ANd wHAt do they do?


Genes are made of DNA and they are instructions to make molecules called proteins.

3. Every person HAs two copies of EACh

gene, one inherited from EACh PArent.

These two, Almost identicAl genes


Are alleles
cAlled .

4. alleles
Are
forms of the SAMe gene with SMAll differences in their sequence of
DNA bAses becAUse they come from two different people – your PArents.

5. The physicAl AppEArence of AN orgANism, the orgANisms


trAIts such As size, SHApe, colour or BEHAviour
is cAlled phenotype
.
A

6. WHAt is A genotype?

the genetic constitution of an organism. The genotype determines the


hereditary potentials and limitations of an individual from embryonic
formation through adulthood.

7. pheno type describes the physicAl cHArACteristics THAt


we cAN see when we look At AN orgANism, geno type is
hidden inside the cells, inside the cells’ nucleus, AN d cAN only
be seen with A microscope.
Genes and
Chromosomes
8. Chromosomes Are thrEAd-like structures MAde up of DNA .

They Are locAted inside the nucleus of ANIMAl AN d plANt


cells AN d cAN ONLY be seen under the microscope when
the cells divide
.
This cAN HAppen during: DNA replication AN d growth .

9. In huMAN body cells (except gAMetes – egg ANd sperm) there 46 chromosomes
Are
23
ArrANged in PAIRs.

10. Do All species HAve the SAMe numbers of chromosomes in their cells? no
(Yes/No)

11. I
f EACh species HAs A different ArrANgement (MAke up) of chromosomes, how do these
vAry or how Are they different? Most bacteria have one or two circular chromosomes. Humans,
along with other animals and plants, have linear chromosomes that
are arranged in pairs within the nucleus of the cell.
11. In the diAgrAM below fill our the missing words in the SQUAres provided.

alleles

mom dad
phenotype

Cohesins

12. In wHAt PArt of A Cell would you find A Chromosome?


Genes and
nucleus Chromosomes
13. We AlrEAdy know THAt chromosomes come in PAIRs.. .

23 from your
dad
23 from your
mom

14. All huMANS HAve 23 PAIRs of non-sex chromosomes autosomes , AN d


cAlled
1
PAIR of sex chromosomes.

16. The coMBINAtion of sex chromosomes distinguishes (tells APArt) fEMAles from MAles.
x y
There Are 2 types of sex chromosomes AN d .

17. In fEMAles the sex chromosomes Are the SAMe/different (circle one).
FEMAles HAve x chromosomes.

18.In MAles
the sex chromosomes Are SAMe/different (circle one).
x
MAles HAve AN AN d y chromosomes.

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