7.1 09 - Real Numbers Solved Questions PDF
7.1 09 - Real Numbers Solved Questions PDF
EUCLID’S
S DIVISION ALGORITHM
1) Use Euclid’s division algorithm to find the HCF of 1362 and 6954
Solution:
STEP 1:: Since 6954>1362 we apply division lemma to 6954 and 1362 to get,
6954 = 1362 x 5 + 144
STEP 2: Since the remainder 144 ≠ 0 we apply the division lemma to 1362 and 144
1362 = 144 x 9+66
STEP 3: Since the remainder 66 ≠ 0 wee apply the division lemma to 144 and 66
144 = 66 x 2+12
STEP 4: Since the remainder 12 ≠ 0 we apply the division lemma to 66 and 12
66 = 12 x 5+6
STEP 5: Since the remainder 6 ≠ 0 we apply the division lemma to 12 and 6
12 = 6 x 2+0
The remainder has now become zero, so our procedure stops. Since the divisor at this stage is 6, the
HCF of 1362 and 6954 is 6.
2) Show that any positive odd integer is of the form 8q+1, or 8q+3, or 8q+5, or 8q+7,
+7 where q is some integer
Solution:
Let’s start with taking a, where a is a positive odd integer. We apply the division algorithm with a
and b =8
Since 0 ≤ r < 8 the possible remainders are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7
3) A fruit seller has 56 red apples and 32 green apples. She wants to stack them in such a way that each stack
has the same number, and they take up the least area of the tray. What is the maximum number of apples
that can be placed in each stack for this purpose?
Solution:
To find the solution we have to first
irst find the HCF of 56 and 32
32. Then this number will give us the
maximum number of apples in each stack and as a result the number of stacks will be least and they will
take up least amount of space.
EUCLID’S
S DIVISION ALGORITHM
Solution:
Let the four consecutive integers be n,n+1,n+2
n,n and n+3.
Consider a = bq + r, where 0 ≤ r < b
Let a=n and b=4. Hence r can have values 0,0 1, 2 or 3.
CASE 1: Let r=0 ∴ n = 4 q which is divisible by 4 :
8) Find whether 8n can end with the digit 0 for any natural number.
Solution: The prime factors of 8 are 2.Therefore the prime factors of 8n will also be 2.
Any digit ending with 0 must have 5 as one of its prime factors.
But the prime factors of 8 are 2.
Therefore 8n cannot end with 0.
REAL NUMBERS
9) Find the HCF and LCM of the following numbers using prime factorisation method
a) 9, 27 and 108 b) 16, 56 and 144
Solution:
a) 9, 27 and 108
10) Prove that 16, 343 and 225 are relatively prime.
Solution:
Factors of the numbers
16 =2 x 2 x 2 x 2
343 = 7 x 7 x 7
225 = 3 x 3 x 5 x 5
∴ HCF(16,343,225)=1
That is they do not have any common factors
∴ They are relatively prime.
REAL NUMBERS
IRRATIONAL NUMBERS
11) Prove that 7 is irrational.
a
Solution: Let 7 be rational. ∴ There exists integers a, b such that 7= b b≠0)
where a and b(
b
are co-prime.
∴ 7b = a
Squaring both sides we get,
7b 2 = a 2 Therefore a 2 is divisible by 7. Hence a is also divisible by 7.
∴ There exists an integer c such that a = 7c ∴ 7b 2 = (7c) 2
7b 2 = 49c 2 and hence b 2 = 7c 2 which means b 2 is divisible by 7 and b is also divisible by 7
Therefore a and b have a common factor 7. This is a contradiction, since a and b are co co-prime.
Hence our assumption 7 is rational is wrong.
Therefore 7 is irrational
3
13) Prove that 4 is irrational.
3 3 a
Solution: Let us assume that 4 is rational. Therefore there exists integers a and b( b ≠ 0 ) such that 4=
b
a3
prime Taking cubes on both sides we get,t 4 =
where a and b are co-prime
b3
i.e. a 3 = 4b 3 . Therefore a 3 is divisible by 4 Hence a is also divisible by 4
Therefore there exists an integer c such that a=4c. ∴ 4b3 = (4c)3 = 64c3
∴ b 3 = 16c 3 Hence b 3 is divisible by 4 and hence b is divisible by 4.
Thereforee a and b have a common factor 4. 4. This is a contradiction, since a and b are co-prime
co
3
Therefore 4 is irrational
REAL NUMBERS
IRRATIONAL NUMBERS
2
14) Prove that ( 2 +2 ) is irrational.
2
Solution: Let us assume that ( 2 +2 ) is rational. Hence there exists integers a and b( b ≠ 0 )
a 2
such that ( 2+2
b
) =
where a and b are co-prime.
co
a 1a
Rearranging we get 2 + 4 2 + 4 = 6 + 4 2 = So 2 = − 6 .
b 4b
1a
Since a and b are integers & b0, − 6 is rational. Therefore 2 is rational.
4 b
But this contradicts the fact that 2 is irrational.
2
Therefore our assumption that ( 2 +2 ) is rational was wrong.
2
Therefore ( 2+2 ) is irrational
29
16) Without performing long division State whether will have a terminating decimal expansion or
16
a non-terminating repeating decimal expansion.
29 29
Solution: can be written as 4 = Thus the denominator is of the form 2 n 5m where n=4 and m=0.
16 2
29
Therefore will have a terminating decimal expansion.
16
64
18) Without performing long division State whether will have a terminating decimal expansion or
300
a non-terminating
terminating repeating decimal expansion.
Solution:
64 64
can be written as .
300 3x2252
Thus we can see here the denominator is not of the form 2 n 5m .
64
Therefore will be a non-terminating
terminating repeating decimal expansion.
300
REAL NUMBERS
HOTS
ab = − a − b
2 q
Since p, q, a and b are integers and q0.
1 p
2
Hence − a − b is rational.
2 q
Therefore ab is rational. But this contradicts the given fact that ab is irrational.
Hence our assumption that a + b is rational is wrong.
Therefore a + b is irrational.
20) Show that any positiveve odd integer is of the form 4q+1
4q or 4q+3 where q is some integer.
Solution:
Let x be any positive odd integer.
By Euclid’s division lemmama it can be written in the form x=bq+r where 0 ≤ r < b .
Take b=4 ∴ r can have values 0,1,2 or 3.
Thus x can be 4q+0,
q+0, 4q+1,4q+2 or 4q+3.
Since x is odd it cannot be equal to 4q or 4q+2.
Thus x can only be of the form 4q+1 or 44q+3