Part 1: The Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome

Name:___________________________________Date:___________Class:_____________

The trees and grasses in the forest to the left are

examples of species that can be found in the Great Lakes
region. A large portion of the Great Lakes region is part of
the temperate deciduous forest biome. The temperate
deciduous forest biome can be distinguished from other
biomes with key characteristics including seasonal
temperature changes, year round precipitation, and
deciduous trees which go dormant and shed their leaves
in the fall to help them survive through the cold winter.

Forest ecosystem in the temperate deciduous

forest biome showing forest edge habitat

The name “temperate deciduous forest biome” can be

misleading since the entire biome isn’t made up of forests.
Biomes are made up of several ecosystems. For example, in
the Great Lakes region of the temperate deciduous forest
biome, ecosystems include forests, prairies, lakes, wetlands,
dunes and more. Location of the temperate deciduous
forest biome

Within each ecosystem, multiple habitats are found which

are areas inhabited by a particular species of organism. For
example, the canopy is the habitat for birds found at the
tops of the trees in the forest ecosystem of the tropical
rainforest biome. In the photo to the left, the lilypads are
growing in the water habitat of the pond ecosystem of the
temperate deciduous forest biome

Pond ecosystem in the temperate

deciduous forest biome showing water
and shoreline habitats
1. Both examples of ecosystems pictured above are found in the temperate deciduous forest biome. List
3 more examples of Great Lakes ecosystems and one of their habitats. Don’t use the examples that were
mentioned above! Include 2 organisms that live in each. Answers will vary

a. Ecosystem:______________________Habitat: ______________________________

i. Organism #1: _____________________________

ii. Organism #2: _____________________________

b. Ecosystem:______________________Habitat: ______________________________

i. Organism #1: _____________________________

ii. Organism #2: _____________________________

c. Ecosystem:______________________Habitat: ______________________________

i. Organism #1: _____________________________

ii. Organism #2: _____________________________

Both biotic factors and abiotic factors can affect the ability of organisms to survive in an ecosystem.
Living things in the environment such as plants, animals, and bacteria are biotic factors. Biotic factors
also include once-living parts such as dead leaves on the forest floor. Abiotic factors are nonliving
aspects of the environment such as sunlight, temperature and water.

One important abiotic factor is soil. The soil found in the forest ecosystem of the temperate deciduous
forest biome is rich in nutrients because of decaying material such as fallen leaves that is broken down
into rich organic material called humus. This humus rich soil is also great at holding water, making it
available for plant use. Nutrients and water are then available to support the producers of the food
web, which in turn support primary consumers, which support secondary consumers and so on
providing some areas of the temperate deciduous forest biome with a wealth of biodiversity.
Conversely, in the dune ecosystem the sand does not hold water or nutrients well leaving the soil very
poor for plant growth. Very little decaying material is produced and there is almost no humus. In
wetland ecosystems, the soil is so wet that there is very little oxygen available for the bacteria that
break down dead plants. Dead plant material does not decay, leading to mucky sediment with lots of
nutrients trapped in the old plant material.

2. Use complete sentences to define the terms in your own words:

a. Biotic factors: _ Living things in the environment such as plants and animals ________________

______________________________________________________________________________

b. Abiotic factors: ____ things that were never living such water or light_________________
 ______________________________________________________________________________

3. Is the example Biotic (B) or Abiotic(A)

a. ____B_____ Grass e. ____A_____ Cloud

b. ____A_____ Water f. _____A____ Oxygen

c. ____A_____ Temperature g. _____B____ Seed

d. ____B_____ Bee h. _____B____ Log

4. Give additional examples of each Answers Will Vary

Abiotic factors: Biotic Factors

a.________________________ a. ________________________

b.________________________ b. ________________________

c. ________________________ c. ________________________

5. A student tested soils from 3 ecosystems: dune grassland, dune forest, and forest.

a. Which should have the most humus in the soil? Why?

The Forest soil will have the most humus because the abundance of plants supplies
nutrients to the soil.

b. Which should have the least nutrients in the soil? Why?

The dune grassland would have the least because nutrients are trapped in plant debris
and the sand does not allow for decay. Also there are fewer plants to decay.

Survival:

Each organism each has a limited range of tolerance for abiotic factors in their environment. Since each
ecosystem contains a new range of abiotic factors the creatures there must be adapted to survive those
conditions or their species will go extinct.
For example, a cattail often found in the wetlands of the Great Lakes region could never survive in the
arctic because of temperature extremes beyond its range of tolerance. However, the creatures that live
in in the arctic tundra are adapted to the cold and dry conditions and could not survive in the wetlands
of the Great Lakes. If a group of cattail were taken to the tropical rainforest where the soil is nutrient
poor, they may thrive for perhaps a few seasons but more likely the group wouldn’t survive much
longer. Since the group died locally but more of the species exists on the earth, this is called local
extinction.

1. What is your range of tolerance:

a. Name 3 factors required for your survival? ______Answers will vary __________

b. Do other organisms require the same factors for survival or different? Explain.

Most, but not all require the same factors including food and water. However, humans also
require shelter

c. How do other organisms survive outdoors, get food or escape predators?

____All organisms rely on adaptations best suited for the environmental in which they live

2. List 5 examples of adaptations that species in your ecosystem need to survive.

Species Adaptation
a.
Answers will vary
b.

c.

d.

e.

3. Name 2 species that have gone extinct in one area but are not extinct worldwide. Why did they go
locally extinct?

Species Reason
a. Answers will vary

b
.