Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.:CE 1-2S-2020-2021

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Bayombong Campus

DEGREE PROGRAM BSCE COURSE NO. TECHNO 101

SPECIALIZATION COURSE TITLE TECHNOPRENEURSHIP 101
YEAR LEVEL 2 TIME FRAME 3 hr WK NO. 2 IM NO. 1

I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

Unit 2

II. LESSON TITLE

Plumbing Materials, Fittings, and Fixtures

III. LESSON OVERVIEW

This lesson will familiarize the student with the different plumbing materials, fittings, and fixtures. They
will also take a glimpse at the brief history of plumbing practice in the Philippines.

IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES

1. Describe the functions and uses of the different plumbing materials, fittings and fixtures.
2. Enumerate the process of proper installation of the different plumbing materials, fittings and fixtures.
3. Draft different fixture arrangements with proper clearances.

V. LESSON CONTENT

History of Plumbing Practice

The birth of the plumbing profession in the Philippines is traced back to the 17th century. The WALLED
CITY known as Intramuros was established by the Spaniards as a model community. The Friar
Engineers who built the government buildings, residential and other structures. incorporated European
standards in their plumbing installations.

During the 18th and 19th centuries, the Filipino plumbers were assigned the task of maintaining,
repairing and/or remodeling plumbing systems in all "pueblos" or towns including churches, convents
and government buildings.

The recognized plumbers then were called upon by the ''ilustrados" or the elite group to act as
consultants of plumber journeymen on matters pertaining to plumbing installations in villas and
mansions.

PLUMBING took a great leap at the turn of the 20th century with the arrival of the American soldiers,
engineers, Thomasite teachers, doctors and evangelists. Health and hygiene became priority when
epidemics including cholera, leprosy. Schistosomiasis and other contagious diseases engulfed the
Philippines. Alarmed, Governor General Harrison issued a letter of instruction on proper waste disposal
in all municipalities.

Sometime in 1902, the PLUMBING TRADE was duly recognized by the government. The City of Manila
was the model community. Master Plumber John F. Hass became the first Chief of the Division of
Plumbing Construction and Inspection.

Through the initiative of the Filipino Master Plumbers, a plumbing code based on the Plumbing Code of
the United States was incorporated into the Building Code for the City of Manila.

In 1935, Francisco Geronimo, Mariano de Ocampo, lgmidio Suarez, Eusebio Mina. Jose Rivera,
Raymundo Reyes, Sr., Roberto Feliciano, Gregorio Lazaro, Raymundo Gumapac, John Jones,
Trinitario Ortiz, Valentin Casupanan, Catalino Casupanan. Crispin F11Ulcisco, Teodoro Pastor,
Cornelio Odvina and Jesus Tangbal Dera organized the National Master Plumbers Association of the
Philippines (NAMPAP) and had it registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Initiated by NAMPAP, the Department of Public Services of the City of Manila was created by an Act of
Congress. City Ordinance 2411, otherwise known as "the Plumbing ~ode forth~ City of Manila" was
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enacted in consultation with NAMPAP. The practice of plumbing was eventually placed under the
Department of Public Services, Manila.

On January 28, 1959, the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines prepared by the NAMPAP was
promulgated and approved by Malacanang. NAMPAP also assisted in the passage of the law creating
the National Waterworks and Sewerage Authority (NAWASA).

Before Martial Law in 1972, Republic Act No. 6541 otherwise known as the •Building Code of the
Philippines" was passed with the "National Plumbing Code of 1959" as referral code in full text.

In 1996, NAMPAP President JAIME M. CABASE spearheaded the updating of the Revised National
Plumbing Code. Finally, in October 1999, NAMPAP submitted the Draft Code to the Board of Master
Plumbers (BOMP) Chaired by Engr. FORTIJNATO H. AMOSCO. After careful review, the Professional
Regulation Commission under Chairman HERMOGENES POBRE adopted the Revised Plumbing
Code of 1999 which His Excellency, President JOSEPH EJERCITO ESTRADA approved last
December 21, 1999 pursuant to Section 4 of R.A. 1378 known as the Plumbing Law.

At present, all plumbing plans submitted to the Building Official for construction permit approval shall be
duly signed and sealed by a licensed Master Plumber.

IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS

Plumbing (Defined by the Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines, 1999)
Plumbing is the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures and other apparatuses in buildings for
bringing in the supply of liquids, substances and/or ingredients and removing them, and such water,
liquid and other carried wastes hazardous to health, sanitation, life, property, also the pipes and fixtures
after installation i.e., the plumbing system.

Plumbing System - includes all potable water supply and distribution pipes, all plumbing fixtures and
traps; all sanitary and storm drainage systems, vent pipes, roof drains, leaders and downspouts; and all
building drains and sewers, including their respective joints and connections; devices, receptacles, and
appurtenances within the property; water lines in the premises: potable, tap, hot and chilled water
piping; potable water treating or using equipment; fuel gas piping; water heaters and vents for same.

BIBB – synonymous with faucet, cock, tap, plug, etc. The word "faucet" is preferred.

BIDET – A plumbing fixtures used for washing the middle private part of the body, especially the
genitals. Also called a "sitz" bath.

BLANK FLANGE – A pipe flange that is not drilled for bolt holes.

BLIND FLANGE – A flange that closes the end of a pipe. There is no opening for the passage of liquid
or gas.

CHECK VALVE- a valve that automatically closes to prevent the flow of liquid or gas in a reverse
direction

FAUCET- a valve located at the end of a water pipe through of which water can be drawn from or held
within the pipe.

FLUSH TANK·-a tank located above or integral with water closet, urinal or similar fixtures for flushing or
removing excrements in the fixture.

FLUSH VALVE - is a device located at the bottom of the tank for the purpose of flushing waster closet
and similar fixtures.

FLUSHOMETER TANK- is integrated within an air accumulator vessel which is designed to discharge a
predetermined quantity of water into fixtures for flushing purposes.

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FLUSHOMETER VALVE- is a device, which discharges a predetermined quantity of water into fixtures
for flushing purposes and is actuated by direct water pressure.

GATE VALVE- a valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disc fitted against
machine-smoothed faces, at right angles to the direction of flow. The disk is raised or lowered by
means of a threaded stern connected to the handle of the valve. The opening in the valve is usually as
large as the full bore of the pipe.

GLOBE VALVE-a valve in which the flow of fluid is cut off by means of a circular disc that fits over and
against the horizontal valve seat. The movement of the plane of disc is parallel to the normal direction
of flow of water through the orifice resulting to a tortuous passage which offers a high pressure loss.

GOOSENECK - a return bend of small-sized pipe, one end of which is about 30 cm. long and the other
end is about 7. 5 cm. long. It is commonly used as a faucet for a pantry sink. Also, the term means the
flexible tubing connection between a service pipe and a water main.

GREASE INTERCEPTOR - an interceptor of at least 3 cubic meter capacity to serve one or more
fixtures and which is remotely located.

GREASE TRAP - a device designed to retain grease from one to a maximum of four fixtures.

LAVATORY - a fixture designed for the washing of the hands or face. Sometimes called a wash basin.

PLUMBING FFIXTURES – are approved-type installed receptacles. Devices or appliances supplied

with water or receive liquid or liquid-borne wastes and discharge such wastes into the drainage system
to which they may be directly or indirectly connected. Industrial or commercial tanks, vats and similar
processing equipment are not plumbing fixtures, but may be connected to or discharged into approved
traps or plumbing fixtures as provided for in the National Plumbing Code.

TRAP -- a fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when properly vented, a liquid seal
which prevents the backflow of foul air or methane gas without materially affecting the flow of sewage
or wastewater through it.

PIPING MATERIALS
Pipe is a round, hollow channel used to transport liquids such as water or solid–liquid mixtures such as
wastewater from one point to the next. In a building plumbing system, pipes transport hot and cold
water and remove liquid and solid wastes. Piping in buildings is also used in transporting natural and
liquefied petroleum gases, fuel oil, compressed air, refrigerants, and irrigation water.

Water pipe generally falls into one of two categories:

1. Pressure Pipe – which delivers supply water. Pressure pipe must be heavy enough to hold
continuous pressure without rupture, and all connections must be leak proof. This pipe tends to be
of a smaller diameter, and it must be made of material that will not react with the chemicals or
minerals in the water.
2. Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV) Pipe – which carries waste and soil water away. DWV pipe
provides a channel for waste materials to flow freely away from the fixtures and the building by the
force of gravity. It is typically lighter weight with thinner walls than pressure pipe, and joints do not
need to be as tightly sealed because there is no pressure exerted on them. DWV pipe is generally
larger in size than pressure pipe to allow for free gravity flow, and it must not react to common
chemicals that might be poured down a drain.

Both categories are sold in metal and plastic; however, metal (copper in plumbing systems)
dominates the pressure category. Plastic and cast iron are the most common piping material for
DWV. In both pressure and DWV piping, fitting design and joining techniques must be compatible
with the pressures and temperatures encountered when the pipe is placed in service.

Common Pipes Used in Building Plumbing Systems

1. Thermoplastic Pipes
a. PVC Pipes – Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes
b. uPVC – Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes
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c. PPR Pipes – Polypropylene Pipes
2. Galvanized Iron (G.I.) Pipes

Connection of Pipes
1. Threaded connections – most pipes can be joined together by means of threaded connections
using Teflon tape to prevent leakage.
2. Connection by bolted flanges – This type of connection in a pipe flange allows for ease of
disassembly and separation for repair and regular maintenance. A pipe flange connects piping
and components in a piping system by use of bolted connections and gaskets.
3. Glued by solvent cement – joining PVC pipes using a solvent cement
4. Electrofusion welding – Joining PPR pipes and fittings by means of an electrofusion welding
machine.

Types of Fittings
1. Screwed/threaded fittings
2. Slip fittings – glued using solvent cement
3. Flanged Joints

Commonly Used Fittings

• Elbows: Used to change the angle or direction of the pipe run. Most commonly in 90 degrees
and 45 degree turns. The sweep of the fitting describes how fast a transition or change in
direction is made.
• Tee Fittings: Shaped like the letter T. Allows for branch lines.
• Couplings: Used to join two straight pieces of pipe of the same diameter.
• Reducers: Used to join pipe of different diameters. Makes a gradual change in diameter.
• Bushings: Used to make the diameter of a pipe fitting smaller. They are different from reducers
because they make an abrupt change in diameter and take little space.
• Unions: Used to join pieces of pipe where pipes cannot be turned or when a piece of equipment
may have to be removed for maintenance or replacement.
• Adaptor Fittings: Used to change the end of a non-threaded pipe to male or female threads as
needed. Most commonly used in iron and plastic plumbing jobs.
• Caps: Used to close the end of a dead-end pipe.
• Plugs: Used to close an ending on a pipe fitting normally used for inspection or cleanout.
• Nipples: Short lengths of pipe threaded at both ends.
• Wyes: Used primarily to gain inside access to DWV (drain-waste-vent) systems.
• Valves: Devices that control the flow of liquid or gas through or from a pipe. (Compression
valves, ball valves, sleeve-cartridge valves, ceramic disc valves, etc)
• Cleanout: provides a convenient place to access a building's drain pipes to clear clogs and
debris.

PVC/uPVC Water Distribution Pipes

Pipes colored blue, like the Atlanta Blue In House PNS 65, are safe for use in domestic potable water
distribution. They are used for cold water distribution lines only. Solvent cement is used to glue all the
pipes and fittings together. Pipes are classified in accordance with the pipe series and/or the nominal
pressure as follows:

Series 10 (PN 0.686 MPa) --- 100 psi

Series 8 (PN 1.03 MPa) ----- 150 psi
Series 7 (PN 1.25 MPa) ----- 200 psi
Series 5 (PN 1.60 MPa) ----- 250 psi

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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
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uPVC Blue Pipes and Fittings (Courtesy of Atlanta Industries: https://atlanta.ph/products/atlanta-blue-house)

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PVC/uPVC Drainage Waste Vent (DWV) Pipes
Pipes colored orange, like the Atlanta DWV, are used for Drainage, Waste and Vent. Commonly used
are the series 600 and series 1000.

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uPVC Orange Pipes and Fittings (Courtesy of Atlanta Industries: https://atlanta.ph/products/atlanta-blue-

house)

PPR Waterline Pipes

PPR pipe is divided into cold water pipe and hot water pipe. The difference is that there is blue line
mark on the cold water pipe, and red line on the hot water pipe. These marks are missing on PPR pipes
manufactured by some companies because they only manufacture PPR for hot and cold water lines.
PP-R pipes are mainly white, gray, green and yellow in color. Pipes and fittings are joined by means of
an electrofusion welding machine.

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PPR Fittings & Accessories (Courtesy of Atlanta Industries: https://atlanta.ph/products/atlanta-blue-house)

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Galvanized Iron (GI) Waterline Pipes
GI pipes has long been the choice material for building plumbing systems due to its ability to withstand
high pressure. However, corrosion has been the problem with iron pipes. GI pipes are available in sizes
of 13, 19, 25, 31, 38, 50, 63 and 75 mm and in lengths of 6 m. They are joined by means of threaded
couplings/fittings.

G.I. Pipes and Fittings

Types of Valves
A valve is a device that can be opened and closed to different extents (called throttling) to vary its
resistance to flow, thereby controlling the movement of water through a pipeline. Valves can be
classified into five general categories as follows:

1. Isolation Valves – Perhaps the most common valve in the water distribution system is the
isolation valve, which can be manually closed to block the flow of water. As the term “isolation”
implies, the primary purpose of these valves is to provide means of turning off a portion of the
system. Well-designed water distribution systems have isolation valves throughout the network.
Isolation valves include gate valves (the most popular type), butterfly valves, globe valves, and
plug valves.

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2. Directional Valves – Directional valves, also called check valves, are used to ensure that water
can flow only in one direction through a pipeline, any water flowing backwards through the valve
causes it to close, and it remains closed until the flow once again begins to go through the valve
in the forward direction.

3. Altitude Valves – Many water utilities employ devices called altitude valves at the point where a
pipeline enters a tank. When tank level rises to a specified upper limit, the valve closes to
prevent any further flow from entering, thus eliminating overflow. When the flow trend reverses,
the valve reopens and allows the tank to drain or to supply the usage demands of the system.

4. Air Release Valves and Vacuum Breaking Valves – Most systems include special air release
valves to release trapped air during system operation, and air/vacuum valves that discharge air
upon system start-up and admit air into the system in response to negative gauge pressures.
These valves are often found in system high points, where trapped air settles, and at changes in
grade, where pressures are most likely to drop below ambient or atmospheric conditions.

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5. Pressure Reducing Valves – Pressure reducing valves (PRVs) throttle automatically to
prevent the downstream hydraulic grade from exceeding a set value, and are used in situations
where high downstream pressures could cause damage. It can be used to separate pressure
zones.

PLUMBING FIXTURES
A plumbing fixture is an approved receptacle, device, or appliance that uses water and discharges
wastewater such as a water closet, urinal, faucet, shower, dishwasher, drinking fountain, hose
connection, hose bibb, water heater, water softener, underground sprinkler, hot tub, spa, and clothes
washer. They must be made of dense, durable, nonabsorbent materials with smooth, impermeable
surfaces.

1. Water Closet - A water closet is a plumbing fixture that serves as an indoor receptacle and removal
system for human waste. Good water conservation practice dictates that consumption shall be 6
liters per flush.
Classification of Water Closets Based on Flushing Mechanism
a. Flush Tank Water Closet b. Flush Valve Water Closet

Types of Flushing Action

a. Washdown – Water enters through an open rim, as though a bucket of water were dumped
into the bowl, filling the front trapway creating a siphon action. This model provides quick
removal of water with minimum water rise. Small water surface makes the modes vulnerable
to soiling and clogging. This is the least efficient and noisiest type but lowest in cost.
b. Reverse Trap – Water enters through rim punchings and a jet that fills the rear trapway
completely, creating a siphon action and resulting in quick withdrawal of water from the
bowl. A water jet is located at the inlet of the trapway. Most of the bowl surface is covered
with water. This model is efficient but moderately noisy. Its cost is reasonably low.
c. Siphon Jet – water enters through rim punchings and jets placed in an up-leg of the rear
trap, filling the trapway and creating an instant siphon action without rise of water level.
Large water surface provides an efficient and clean operation. With quiet flushing and
moderate cost, this is the most popular residential model.

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d. Siphon Vortex – toilets are especially suitable for low-velocity water (often as a result of low
pressure). They are therefore also the quietest, making them a favorite wherever bathrooms
are adjacent to sleeping areas or other acoustically sensitive spaces. The water enters
through diagonal punchings around the rim of the bowl in such a way as to form a vortex;
this swirling action cleans the sides of the bowl and the trap, helping the siphon action in
emptying both bowl and trap. The one-piece flush tank toilets usually have the siphon vortex
flushing action, which typically requires 6 to 8 gal (23 to 30 L).
e. Blowout Flushing Action – toilets combine very-high-velocity water and a simple trap to offer
a noisy but very low-maintenance toilet dependent upon flush valves rather than tanks. They
are very common in commercial and institutional toilet rooms, where large water supply lines
and high pressures are available.

Classification of Water Closets Based on Mounting

a. Floor Mounted b. Wall Mounted

Classification of Water Closets as to Shape

a. Elongated b. Rounded

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Classification of Water Closets as to Make
a. One piece b. Two piece

Common Water Closet Dimensions

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2. Urinals – are plumbing fixtures that are commonly used in public restrooms where it is desirable to
reduce possible contamination of the water closet seats. Like water closets, urinals can be flush
tank or flush valve fixtures. Water consumption varies from 1.9 L to 3.8 L per flush.

Types of Urinals
a. Wall hung

b. Pedestal

c. Stall

d. Waterless Urinal – A waterless urinal is a urinal that is specifically engineered to eliminate

potable water consumption for urinal flushing. It looks very much like a conventional urinal
except the flush valve and piping that is normally positioned above the fixture is omitted. The
chief benefit of waterless urinals is that they do not use water. In office buildings and schools,
waterless urinals can save up to 25 000 gal (100 000 L) of potable water per year per fixture,
saving water and sewer costs and reducing the burden on the municipal sewage and sewage
treatment system. The most popular types use a removable cartridge that needs to be replaced
on a regular maintenance schedule, or a liquid sealant that must be regularly flushed and
refilled periodically, usually by the housekeeping staff. With most designs, urine flows by gravity
off the smooth surface of the urinal into a trapped liquid with a lighter than water specific
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density. The liquid floats, allowing the urine to flow through it to the drain. The liquid remains
and serves to trap the odor. One manufacturer recommends cartridge replacement after an
estimated 12 000 to 15 000 uses, which on average will be every 3 to 4 months depending on
usage.

3. Bidet – are personal hygiene plumbing fixtures used for genital and perineal cleanliness. It is
typically used after using the water closet. Equipped with valves for hot and cold water, the inside
walls of the bowl are washed the same way as a standard toilet. The bidet is not designed or
intended to carry away solid human waste. It is installed alongside the water closet. The user sits on
the fixture facing the wall (and the water controls) and is cleansed by a rinsing spray. Bidets are
available in vitreous china. Some bidets have a warm air dryer that is used to blow dry the genital
and perineal area after washing. The bidet is used extensively in Europe and South America and is
enjoying increased usage in Canada and the United States.

4. Bathtub – are plumbing fixtures used for bathing. They are available in enameled iron, cast iron, or
fiberglass. Tubs are available in a variety of sizes, the most common being 30 or 32 in (760 or 810
mm) wide; 12, 14, or 16 in (300, 350 or 400 mm) high; and 4 to 6 ft (1.2 to 1.8 m) long. Whirlpool
bathtubs are fitted with jets that propel a current of warm water in a swirling mo

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5. Shower. A showerhead is an overhead nozzle that sprays water down on the bather. Shower
fittings may be placed over bathtubs instead of having a separate shower space; this is commonly
done in residences, apartments, and motels. However, it is important that when a showerhead is
used with a bathtub fixture, the walls be constructed of an impervious material such as ceramic tile.
Shower surrounds cover the walls that enclose a shower stall. A shower enclosure consists of glass
panels, either framed or frameless, used to enclose bathtubs, shower modules, shower receptors,
and custom-tiled showering spaces. A receptor or shower pan is a shallow basin used to catch and
contain water in the bottom of a showering space. They are available in units of porcelain enameled
steel, fiberglass, tile, terrazzo, marble, cement, or molded compositions.

Each shower receptor shall be constructed to have a finished dam, curb or threshold of at least 25.4
mm lower that the outside floor.

The dam or threshold shall not be less than 51mm nor more than 228mm in depth, when measured
from the top of the dam or threshold to the top of the drain.

Thresholds shall be of sufficient width to accommodate a minimum 559-mm wide door.

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All shower compartments, regardless of shape, shall have a minimum finished interior area of 0.6
square meter, and shall also be capable of encompassing a 762 mm diameter circle. The minimum
area and dimensions shall be maintained from a point above the shower drain outlet to a height of
l.78 meters with no protrusions other than the fixture valve or valves, shower head and safety grab
bars· or rails.

Sample Installation Guide for a Shower

6. Lavatory - A lavatory is a bathroom basin or sink used for personal hygiene. Lavatories are
generally available in vitreous china or enameled iron, or they may be cast in plastic or a plastic
compound with the basin an integral part of the countertop. They are also available in stainless
steel for high-vandalism applications.

Types of Lavatories
a. Wall hung lavatory

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b. Pedestal lavatory

c. Counter type lavatory

d. One-piece lavatory

Metered lavatory faucets are designed to shut off after a short period of time. They are used in
public restrooms such as in transportation terminals, restaurants, and convention halls to ensure
that water is shut off and not flowing freely. Infrared and ultrasonic sensors can be installed to
operate faucets and limit waste.

Lavatories are available in a large variety of sizes and the shapes: square, rectangular, round, or
oval.

Special fittings for lavatories include the following: foot controls (often used in institutions such as
hospitals and nursing homes); self-closing faucets, which are commonly used in public facilities
(especially on hot water faucets) to conserve water; and automatic “no-touch” flow, which operates
automatically when a sensor recognizes that hands are positioned under the faucet.

Residential lavatories have a lift rod that opens the pop-up drain when the lift rod is depressed.
When rod is lifted, the drain closes so the lavatory will retain water.

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7. Kitchen Sink. Kitchen sinks are most commonly made of enameled cast iron or stainless steel.
Sinks are usually available in a single- or a double-bowl arrangement; some even have a third bowl,
which is much smaller. A waste disposal is typically connected to one of the sink drains. Kitchen
sinks are generally flush mounted into a plastic laminate or into a composition plastic counter.

8. Drinking Fountain – Drinking fountains offer users a limitless supply of drinking water at any location
where water and sanitary drainage are readily available. Drinking fountains should not be installed
in public restrooms.

9. Laundry Tubs and Trays - Laundry tubs, sometimes called trays, are a large deep sink used in
laundry rooms. They are usually available in a single or a double-bowl arrangement. Laundry tubs
are typically floor or wall-mounted units available in low-cost plastic, enameled iron, or stainless
steel.

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10. Floor Drain. Floor drains shall be considered plumbing fixtures and each drain shall be provided
with an approved-type and hinged strainer plate having the sum of the areas of the small holes of
the strainer plate or gross waterway is equivalent to the cross-sectional area of the tailpiece.
Tailpiece is the pipe or tubing that connects the outlet of a plumbing fixture to the trap.

11. Faucet

PLUMBING ACCESSORIES
1. Soap and Toilet Paper Holders

2. Towel Holder and Grab Bars. Grab bars are provided to prevent slip and fall accidents in the
bathroom especially to the elderly and PWD’s.

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3. Handheld Bidet Spray. A handheld bidet, also called a bidet shower or bidet sprayer, is a nozzle
that stays attached to the toilet. This type of bidet is manually placed near your private area to clean
your genitals and anus after using the toilet.

MINIMUM PLUMBING FIXTURES

PLUMBING UNIT - a minimum standard quantity of plumbing fixtures that discharge wastes into a
plumbing installation inducing: one (I) water meter, one (I) water closet, one (I) lavatory, one ( l) shower
head and drain tor a bathtub or shower stall, one ( 1) kitchen sink, one ( 1) Laundry tray and three ( 3)
floor drains and four (4) faucets/hose bibb.

The 1999 Revise National Plumbing Code of the Philippines has set the minimum plumbing facilities as
follows:

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EXAMPLE: Determine the minimum number of plumbing fixtures for a male dormitory (school) with 200
occupants in accordance with the table presented above.

Solution:
No. of Water Closet = 1(for the first 10) + 190/25(for the remaining of 200) 8.6, say 9 water closets
No. of Urinal = 150/25(for the first 150) + 50/50(for the remaining of 200) 7 urinals
No. of Lavatories = 150/12(for the first 150) + 50/20(for the remaining of 200) 15 lavatories
No. of Bathtub/Shower = 200/8 25 bathtubs/showers

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Notes:
1. You may subtract one water closet if you add one urinal from the computed minimum. For example,
you provided 8 urinals instead of 7 so you may provide 8 water closets instead of 9.
2. Make sure that fixtures are accessible. For example, if you have a 4 storey dormitory it is not good
to install all fixtures at the ground floor. Imagine a person from the 4th floor having to travel to the
ground floor through the stairs to use the water closet. It is a good practice to distribute the fixtures
per floor.

TYPICAL FIXTURE LAYOUT FOR TOILET AND BATH

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TOILET FIXTURE CLEARANCES FOR DISABLED PERSONS (per BP 344 The Accessibility Law)

MOUNTING DIMENSIONS FOR TOILET & BATHROOM ACCESSORIES

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MINIMUM CLEARANCE BETWEEN URINALS, PARTITIONS & SIDEWALLS

Setting - fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment with reference to adjacent walls. No water
closet or bidet shall be set closer than 0.375 m from its center to any side wall or obstruction nor closer
than 0.75 m center to center to any similar fixture. No urinal shall be set closer than 0.3 m from its
center to any sidewall or partition nor closer than 0.6 m center to center.

The minimum distance from urinal centerline to partition or sidewall (A) is 300 mm.
The minimum distance from center-to-center of urinals (B) is 600 mm.

VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

VII. EVALUATION (Note: Not to be included in the student’s copy of the IM)

VIII. ASSIGNMENT

ENGU2-Module 2 Assignment
Direction: Answers may be handwritten or encoded. Submit in jpeg or PDF format via
[email protected]. Deadlines shall be at the end of each term (midterm/final). The heading is
ENGU2-Module 2 Assignment.

1. What materials are most commonly used for the pipes and tubing in a building water supply system?
2. What materials are most commonly used for the pipes and tubing in a building sanitary sewage
system?
3. Identify and describe the function of five common types of plumbing fixtures (water closet, urinal,
lavatory, bathtub/shower, water fountain).
4. What is a waterless urinal? Why is its use advantageous in place of a conventional urinal?
5. How and where are the following valves used in the plumbing system? Globe, Gate, and Check
valves.
6. Determine the minimum number of plumbing fixtures required for an auditorium planned for a total of
5500 people (assume 50% of each gender).
7. Draw the layout of the toilet and bath in your house/apartment/lodging house using a scale of 1:50
m. Indicate all the dimensions and clearances between fixture to fixture and fixture to partition or
sidewall in millimeters.

IX. REFERENCES
1. Joseph B. Wujek, Frank Dagostino. MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS in Architecture,
Engineering, and Construction, fifth ed. Prentice Hall. 2010
2. 1999 Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines.
3. BP 344

Numbering the IM No.: IM-CCCCCC-SSSSSS-NNNN-NNNN

School Year
Semester
Course Number
e.g.:
IM-COURSE NO-SEMESTER-SCHOOL YEAR
IM-MCB180-1STSEM-2020-2021

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