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Module 1: Introductory Concept

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) aims to ensure work does not cause harm through injuries or illness. Investing in accident prevention saves businesses time and money. Common workplace injuries include wounds, sprains, and fractures to hands and lower bodies from striking objects or falls. Hazard identification and management are important to reduce unsafe acts and conditions that can lead to accidents from multiple, interrelated causes.

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Christian Breth Burgos
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53 views

Module 1: Introductory Concept

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) aims to ensure work does not cause harm through injuries or illness. Investing in accident prevention saves businesses time and money. Common workplace injuries include wounds, sprains, and fractures to hands and lower bodies from striking objects or falls. Hazard identification and management are important to reduce unsafe acts and conditions that can lead to accidents from multiple, interrelated causes.

Uploaded by

Christian Breth Burgos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 1: Introductory Concept

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)


- is a state of being certain that exposure to workplace conditions will not cause
adverse effects to the well-being of a worker in terms of injury and illness. The
possibility of accident and adverse effect to health are always present in any
workplace, all work exposes workers to hazards.
Importance of OSH
- is based on the following arguments
1. it is the right thing to do
2. it is the smart thing to do
3. it is the law
The Cost of Accidents
- nvesting in the prevention of accidents and ill-health is one of the best
decisions a business organization can do because they cost time and money.
Many businesses do not recognize the cost as most of them are indirect and
hidden.
OSH Statistics
From ILO World Safety Day Celebration 2019
- average of 7,500 die every day due to work-related accidents
- 160 million incidents of occupational illness every year
- 270 million work-related accidents every year
Philippine statistics(2017)
- 38,235 accidents
- 46,283 injuries
Measures of Safety Performance (2017)
Frequency Rate (FR) - 1.75%
Incidence Rate (IR) - 4.27%
Severity Rate (SR) - 9.68%
Occupational Injuries with Workdays Lost
Types of Injuries
- superficial injuries and open wounds - 50.8%
- dislocations, sprains, strains - 12.0%
- fractures - 10.7%
Parts of Body Injured
- wrist and hand - 35.9%
- lower extremities - 18.7%
- arm and shoulder - 17.6%
Causes of Injury
- Stepping on, striking against or struck by objects – 36.3%
- caught in or in between objects - 21.0%
- falls - 10.5%
Agent of Injury
- machines and equipment - 26.2%
- materials and objects - 24.4%
- hand tools - 18.3%
Occupational Diseases
- Back pains - 31.3%
- Essential hypertensions - 15.5%
- Neck-shoulder pains - 11.4%
- Occupational asthma - 5.4%
- Other infection - 5.3%
Accidents vs Incidents
Accidents – are occurrences or events that are unexpected, unforeseen,
unplanned and unwanted which results to damage, injury, loss or death.
Incidents – are events which under slightly different circumstances, may have
resulted in injury or ill health or damage or loss to property, plant, materials or the
environment or a loss of business opportunity.

System Theory of Accident Causation


- proposes that work is a system composed a group of regularly interacting and
interrelated components such as people, equipment/machiniries/tools,
materials and environment. The likelihood for an accident to occur is
dependent on how these components interact. Each component or a
combination of these components are considered source of hazard that can
either cause injury or illness to the worker after being exposed.
Hazard
- is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on
something or someone.
Classification of Hazard
1. Safety Hazard
2. Health Hazard
Types of Hazards
1. Biological
2. Chemical
3. Physical
4. Ergonomic
5. Psychosocial
6. Safety
Exposure to hazards
- a state of being where a worker is within the danger zone in which way the
worker is in a position of imminent danger.
Types of exposure
1. physical
2. environmental
Types of Accidents
1. fall to
2. caught
3. struck
4. contact with
5. rubbed or abraded by
Causes of Accidents
1. unsafe acts
2. unsafe conditions

Unsafe Acts – any human action that violates a commonly accepted work
procedure
Examples of unsafe acts
- operating equipment without authority
- disregard of SOP or instructions
- removing safety devices
- using defective equipment
- using PPE’s improperly
- horseplay
- willful intent to injure
- working while under the influence of alcohol and drugs

Factors Contributing to Unsafe Acts


- improper attitude
- physical limitations
- lack of knowledge or skills

Unsafe Conditions – are physical or chemical property of a material, machine


or the environment which could result in injury to a person, damage or
destruction to property or other forms of losses.
Examples of unsafe conditions
- slippery and wet floors
- dusty work area
- congested plant lay-out
- octopus wiring
- unguarded rotating machines
- protruding nails/sharp objects
- scattered objects in the work area
OSH Management Concept
- Behind every unsafe condition, there is a management that allowed hazard to
exist and behind every unsafe behavior, there is a management system and
organizational culture that leads people to act unsafely.
Multiple Causation Theory of Accident
- argues that a single accident has multiple causes. The theory considers
unsafe acts and unsafe conditions together with human errors as the
immediate causes of accidents and behind those immediate causes, there is
system failure and personal beliefs as root causes.

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