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INFORMATIVE MATERIAL 5

QUICK LASHING GUIDE

Cargo securing on CTUs for transports
on Road, Combined Rail and in
Sea Area A, B & C

SEA AREAS

A B C
Hs ≤ 8 m 8 m < Hs ≤ 12 m Hs > 12 m
Baltic Sea (incl. Kattegat) North Sea unrestricted
Mediterranean Sea Skagerak
Black Sea English Channel
Red Sea Sea of Japan
Persian Gulf Sea of Okhotsk
Coastal or inter–island Coastal or inter-island
voyages in following areas: voyages in following areas:
Central Atlantic Ocean South-Central Atlantic
(between 30°N and 35°S) Ocean
Central Indian Ocean (between 35°S and 40°S)
(down to 35°S) South-Central Indian Ocean
Central Pacific Ocean (between 35°S and 40°S)
(between 30°N and 35°S) South-Central Pacific Ocean
(between 35°S and 45°S)

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CONTENT Chapter/Section/Subsection

CARGO SECURING METHODS 1

Blocking and Bracing 1.1
Top-over lashing 1.2
Half-loop lashing 1.3
Straight lashing 1.4
Spring lashing 1.5
BASIC CARGO SECURING REQUIREMENTS 2
Non – rigid goods 2.1
Rolling units 2.2
Bottom blocking 2.3
Supporting edge beam 2.4
Blocking against the doors 2.4
Nailing 2.6
SLIDING - FRICTION 3
TIPPING – DIMENSIONS 4
CARGO SECURING EQUIMENT 5
Labelling 5.1
Maximum Securing Load (MSL) 5.2
Lashing eyes 5.3
CONVERSION FACTORS FOR OTHER TYPES OF LASHING EQUIPMENT 6
REQUIRED NUMBER OF LASHINGS 7
CARGO STOWED IN MORE THAN ONE LAYER 8
Method 1 (simple) 8.1
Method 2 (advanced) 8.2
ALTERNATIVE METHODS 9

QUICK LASHING GUIDE A 10

GENERAL REMARKS 10.1
WEBBING 10.2
Top-over lashing 10.2.1
Half-loop lashing 10.2.2
Straight lashing 10.2.3
Spring lashing 10.2.4
TAG WASHERS AND NAILS 10.3

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QUICK LASHING GUIDE B 11

GENERAL REMARKS 11.1
WEBBING 11.2
Top-over lashing 11.2.1
Half-loop lashing 11.2.2
Straight lashing 11.2.3
Spring lashing 11.2.4
CHAIN 11.3
Top-over lashing 11.3.1
Half-loop lashing 11.3.2
Straight lashing 11.3.3
Spring lashing 11.3.4
STEEL STRAPPING 11.4
Top-over lashing 11.4.1
Half-loop lashing 11.4.2
Straight lashing 11.4.3
Spring lashing 11.4.4
WIRE 11.5
Top-over lashing 11.5.1
Half-loop lashing 11.5.2
Straight lashing 11.5.3
Spring lashing 11.5.4
TAG WASHERS AND NAILS 11.6

QUICK LASHING GUIDE C 12

GENERAL REMARKS 12.1
WEBBING 12.2
Top-over lashing 12.2.1
Half-loop lashing 12.2.2
Straight lashing 12.2.3
Spring lashing 12.2.4
CHAIN 12.3
Top-over lashing 12.3.1
Half-loop lashing 12.3.2
Straight lashing 12.3.3
Spring lashing 12.3.4

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STEEL STRAPPING 12.4

Top-over lashing 12.4.1
Half-loop lashing 12.4.2
Straight lashing 12.4.3
Spring lashing 12.4.4
WIRE 12.5
Top-over lashing 12.5.1
Half-loop lashing 12.5.2
Straight lashing 12.5.3
Spring lashing 12.5.4
TAG WASHERS AND NAILS 12.6

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1 CARGO SECURING METHODS

Goods should be prevented from sliding and tipping in forward, backward and sideways
directions by locking, blocking, lashing or a combination of these methods.

1.1 Blocking and Bracing

1.1.1 Blocking means that the cargo is stowed against fixed blocking structures and
fixtures on the CTU. Clumps, wedges, dunnage, stanchions, inflatable dunnage bags and
other devices which are supported directly or indirectly by fixed blocking structures are also
considered as blocking.

1.1.2 Blocking is primarily a method to prevent the cargo from sliding, but if the blocking
reaches high enough, it also prevents tipping. Blocking is the primary method for cargo
securing and should be used as far as possible.

1.1.3 The sum of void spaces in any horizontal direction should not exceed 15 cm.
However, between dense rigid cargo items, such as steel, concrete or stone, the void spaces
should be further minimized, as far as possible.

1.2 Top–over lashing

When using the tables for top–over lashing

the angle between the lashing and the
platform bed is of great importance. The
tables are valid for an angle between 75
to 90. If the angle is between 30 to 75
twice the number of lashings are needed
(alternatively the table values are halved). If
the angle is less than 30, another cargo
securing method should be used.

Top–over lashings preventing tipping forward

and backward should be placed
symmetrically on the cargo.

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1.3 Half-loop lashing

A pair of half-loop lashings prevents cargo from

sliding and tipping sideways. Minimum one pair of
half-loop lashings per section should be used.

For tipping half the Maximum Securing Load When long cargo units are secured with
(MSL) value should be used for design purposes. half-loop lashings, at least two pairs
should be used to prevent the cargo from
twisting.

1.4 Straight lashing

The tables are valid for an angle of 30 to

60 between the lashing and the platform
bed.

Sideways and lengthways the lashing angle

should also lie between 30 to 60.

The allowable areas for fixing the lashings on

the cargo unit are bounded by straight lines
(one for each side), drawn through the centre of
gravity in an angle of 45.

When the lashings are fixed above the centre of gravity, the unit may also have to be blocked
at the bottom to prevent sliding.

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1.5 Spring lashing

1.5.1 A spring lashing is used to prevent cargo from sliding and tipping forward or
backward.

1.5.2 The values in the tables for spring lashings are valid when the diagonal parts of the
lashing are close to parallel to the long sides of the CTU

1.5.3 The angle between the lashing and the platform bed should be maximum 45.

1.5.4 There are a number of ways to apply spring lashings, as illustrated below.

A.

B.
C.

1.5.5 Observe:

 alternative A is not fully effective for tipping avoidance;

 alternative C has two parts per side and thus secures twice the cargo mass
given in the lashing tables.

1.5.6 If the spring lashing does not act on the top of the cargo the mass prevented from
tipping is decreased, e.g. if the spring lashing acts at half the cargo height, it secures half the
cargo mass given in the tipping tables.

1.5.7 For cargo units with the centre of gravity above their half height, the table values for
tipping should be halved.

1.5.8 To prevent tipping, the spring lashing should be dimensioned for the mass of the
outer section only.

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2 BASIC CARGO SECURING REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Non–rigid goods

If the goods are not rigid in form (bags, bales etc.) more lashings than prescribed in this
quick lashing guide may be needed.

2.2 Rolling units

If rolling units are not blocked, chocks with a height of at

least 1/3 of the radius should be used.
If the unit is secured by lashings ensuring that the unit
cannot roll over the chocks, the chock height need not to be
greater than 20 cm.

2.3 Bottom blocking

Bottom blocking preventing cargo from sliding should have a height of at least 5 cm, if the
cargo is not prevented from climbing over the blocking by suitable lashings.

2.4 Supporting edge beam

In some cases fewer lashings are needed than the number

of sections that are to be secured. Since each unit should be
secured, the lashing effect may in these cases be spread out
by supporting edge beams. For each end section one
lashing should be used as well as at least one lashing per
every other section.
These edge beams can be manufactured profiles or deals
(minimum 25x100 mm) nailed together.

2.5 Blocking against the doors

When the door end of a CTU is designed to provide a defined wall resistance (e.g. the doors
of a general cargo container) the doors may be considered as a strong cargo space
boundary and used for cargo securing, provided the cargo is stowed to avoid impact loads to
the door end and to prevent the cargo from falling out when the doors are opened.

2.6 Nailing

Nailing to the floor should not be done unless agreed with

the CTU supplier.

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3 SLIDING – FRICTION

3.1 Different material contacts have different friction factors (µ). The table below shows
recommended values for the friction factor (92.5% of the static friction). The values are valid
provided that both contact surfaces are "swept clean" and free from any impurities. In case of
direct lashings, where the cargo may move a little before the elongation of the lashings
provides the desired restraint force, the dynamic friction applies, which should be taken as
75% of the friction factor. This effect is included in the lashing tables.

Friction factor µ
Material combination in contact surface
Dry Wet
SAWN TIMBER/WOODEN PALLET
Sawn timber/wooden pallet – fabric base laminate / plywood 0.45 0.45
Sawn timber/wooden pallet – grooved aluminium 0.4 0.4
Sawn timber/wooden pallet – stainless steel sheet 0.3 0.3
Sawn timber/wooden pallet – shrink film 0.3 0.3
PLANED WOOD
Planed wood – fabric base laminate / plywood 0.3 0.3
Planed wood – grooved aluminium 0.25 0.25
Planed wood – stainless steel sheet 0.2 0.2
PLASTIC PALLETS
Plastic pallet – fabric base laminate / plywood 0.2 0.2
Plastic pallet – grooved aluminium 0.15 0.15
Plastic pallet – stainless steel sheet 0.15 0.15
CARDBOARD (UNTREATED)
Cardboard – cardboard 0.5 –
Cardboard – wooden pallet 0.5 –
BIG BAG
Big bag – wooden pallet 0.4 –
STEEL AND SHEET METAL
Unpainted metal with rough surface – unpainted rough metal 0.4 –
Painted metal with rough surface – painted rough metal 0.3 –
Unpainted metal with smooth surface – unpainted smooth metal 0.2 –
Painted metal with smooth surface – painted smooth metal 0.2 –
STEEL CRATES
Steel crate – fabric base laminates / plywood 0.45 0.45
Steel crate – grooved aluminium 0.3 0.3
Steel crate – stainless steel 0.2 0.2

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Friction factor µ
Material combination in contact surface
Dry Wet
CONCRETE
Concrete with rough surface – sawn timber 0.7 0.7
Concrete with smooth surface – sawn timber 0.55 0.55
ANTI–SLIP MATERIAL
Rubber against other materials when contact surfaces are clean 0.6 0.6
Materials other than rubber against other materials as certified

3.2 Friction factors (µ) should be applicable to the actual conditions of transport. When a
combination of contact surfaces is missing in the table above or if its friction factor cannot be
verified in another way the maximum allowable friction factor of 0.3 should be used. If the
surfaces are not swept clean, the maximum allowable friction factor of 0.3 or, when lower,
the value in the table should be used. If the surface contacts are not free from frost, ice and
snow a static friction factor of 0.2 should be used, unless the table shows a lower value. For
oily and greasy surfaces or when slip sheets have been used a friction factor of 0.1 applies.*

4 TIPPING – DIMENSIONS

The dimensions H, B and L as

indicated to the right should be
used in the tables for tipping for
cargo units with centres of
gravity close to their geometrical
centres.

Single cargo item A section of a load showing 2

layers and 3 rows

The dimensions H, B and L as indicated to the left should

be used in the tables for tipping for cargo units with
centres of gravity away from their geometrical centres.

For defining required number of lashings to prevent tipping, H/B and H/L should be
calculated. The obtained values should be rounded up to the nearest higher value shown in
the tables.

*
For sea transport please also see CSS Code Annex 13 sub–section 7.2 Balance of forces and moments.

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5 CARGO SECURING EQUIPMENT

5.1 Labelling

5.1.1 Cargo securing equipment may be labelled with one or more of the following
quantities:
 MSL = Maximum Securing Load
 LC = Lashing Capacity (generally used for road transport in Europe)
 STF = Standard Tension Force = Pre-tension
 BS = Breaking Strength

5.1.2 The unit daN, where 1 daN = 1 kg, is sometimes used to indicate the LC and STF for
cargo securing equipment. BS and MSL are usually stated in kN, kg or tonnes.

5.2 Maximum Securing Load, MSL

5.2.1 During sea transport the cargo securing arrangements are designed with respect to
the MSL in the equipment.

5.2.2 If labelling of MSL is missing MSL is primarily taken as LC when dimensioning

according to the tables in this Quick Lashing Guide.

5.2.3 Alternatively the MSL for different types of equipment is calculated from the BS,
according to the table below:

Equipment MSL
Web lashing, reusable 50% of BS
Web lashing, single use 75% *) of BS
Chain lashing (class 8), speed lash, turnbuckle 50% of BS
Wire, new 80% of BS
Wire, used 30% of BS
Steel strapping 70% of BS
Tag washer 50% of BS
Air bag, reusable 50% of BS
Airbag, single use 75% of BS
*) Maximum 9% elongation at MSL

5.2.4 If labelling of the pre-tension force is missing 10% of BS, although not more
than 1,000 kg, may be used as pre-tension when dimensioning according to the tables in this
Quick Lashing Guide.

5.3 Lashing eyes

The lashing eyes should have at least the same strength in MSL as the lashings. For a
half-loop lashing the lashing eye should have at least the strength of 1.4  MSL of the lashing
if both ends of the lashing are fixed to the same eye.

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6 CONVERSION FACTORS FOR OTHER TYPES OF LASHING EQUIPMENT

6.1 For lashing equipment with MSL and pre-tension other than those shown in tables in
this quick lashing guide, the table values should be multiplied by a conversion factor
corresponding to the actual lashing method and type of equipment (see the table below).
All values used should be taken in daN, where 1 daN ≈ 1 kg.

Lashing method Webbing Chain Steel strapping Wire

Top-over
Pre-tension*/400 Pre-tension*/1,000 Pre-tension*/240 Pre-tension*/1,000
lashing
Half-loop
lashing
Spring
MSL*/2,000 MSL*/5,000 MSL*/1,700 MSL*/9,100
lashing
Straight
lashing

* Pre-tension and MSL are the values for the lashing equipment intended to be used

6.2 Example: A cargo unit is intended to be transported in Sea Area C. How many tons
are prevented from sliding sideways by a pair of half-loop web lashings with MSL 4 ton, if the
friction factor is 0.3?

The quick lashing guide shows that a pair of half-loop

web lashings with MSL 2,000 daN prevents 4.3 tonnes
of cargo from sliding sideways in Sea Area C, when the
friction factor is 0.3.

MSL for the current web lashing is 4 tonnes ≈ 4,000 daN.

6.3 According to the table above, the conversion factor for half-loop lashings is;
MSL/2,000 = 4,000/2,000 = 2. The cargo mass prevented from sliding according to the
lashing table should be multiplied by the conversion factor and each pair of half-loop web
lashings thus prevents 2 × 4.3 = 8.6 tonnes of cargo from sliding sideways. This means that
the cargo mass is prevented from sliding by a pair of half-loop lashings can be doubled when
the MSL value for the lashing is doubled as long as the lashing eyes are strong enough.

7 REQUIRED NUMBER OF LASHINGS

7.1 The lashing tables in this quick lashing guide show the cargo mass in tonne
(1,000 kg) prevented from sliding or tipping per lashing. The values in the tables are rounded
to two significant figures.

7.2 The required number of lashings to prevent sliding and tipping should be calculated
by the help of the tables on the following pages according to the following procedure:

.1 calculate the required number of lashings to prevent sliding;

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.2 calculate the required number of lashings to prevent tipping;

.3 the largest number of the above should be selected

7.3 "No slide" and "no tip" indicated in the tables means that there is minimal risk of the
cargo sliding or tipping respectively. Even if there is neither sliding nor tipping risk, it is
recommended to always use at least one top–over lashing per every 4 tonnes of cargo or
similar arrangement to avoid wandering for non–blocked cargo due to vibrations.

8 CARGO STOWED IN MORE THAN ONE LAYER

8.1 Method 1 (simple)

.1 determine the number of lashings to

prevent sliding using the mass of the
entire section and the lowest friction of
any of the layers;

.2 determine the number of lashings to

prevent tipping;

.3 the largest number of lashings in step 1

and 2 should be used.

8.2 Method 2 (advanced)

.1 determine the number of lashings to prevent sliding using the mass of the
entire section and the friction for the bottom layer;

.2 determine the number of lashings to prevent sliding using the mass of the
section's upper layer and the friction between the layers;

.3 determine the number of lashings for the entire section which is required
to prevent tipping;

.4 the largest number of lashings in steps 1 to 3 should be used.

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9 ALTERNATIVE METHODS

Nothing in the CTU Code should be interpreted as specifying that a particular securing method
should be used. Proven alternatives for securing cargo within containers, such as a properly
applied adhesive–based fabric restraint system (see figure below) already exist and future
innovations and advances in technology may also result in other suitable methods, providing
an equivalent means of cargo securing, being developed. In all cases in which patent systems
are used, however, it is important to realize that the systems can only be fully effective when
properly applied as designed in full conformance with manufacturer's instructions.

10. QUICK LASHING GUIDE A

Cargo securing on CTUs for transports on

Road, Combined Rail and
in Sea Area A
10.1 General Remarks

10.1.1 Accelerations to be expected expressed in parts of the gravity acceleration

(1g = 9.81 m/s2).

Transport mode/ Sideways Forward Backward

Sea area S V F V B V
Road 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.0
Combined Rail 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0
Sea Area A 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5
V = Vertical acceleration to be used in combination with horizontal accelerations;
S Sideways, F Forward and B Backward.

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10.1.2 Goods not rigid in form

If the goods are not rigid in form, more lashings than stipulated in this quick lashing guide
could be required.

10.1.3 Sideways, forward and backward refers to a fore–and–aft stowed CTU.

10.2 WEBBING 10.2.1 Top–over lashings

The tables are valid for webbing with an MSL of 20 kN
or 2,000 daN – (2,000 kg = 2 tonnes) and a pre-tension of
minimum 4 kN or 400 daN – (400 kg).

The values in the tables are proportional to the pre-tension in

the lashings.

The masses in the tables are valid for one top-over lashing.

TOP-OVER LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding

per top–over lashing
 SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.05 0.08 0.05 0.08
0.10 0.18 0.10 0.18
0.15 0.30 0.16 0.30
0.20 0.47 0.24 0.47
0.25 0.71 0.32 0.71
0.30 1.1 0.43 1.1
0.35 1.7 0.55 1.7
0.40 2.8 0.71 2.8
0.45 6.4 0.91 4.3
0.50 no slide 1.2 7.1
0.55 no slide 1.6 16
0.60 no slide 2.1 no slide
0.65 no slide 3.1 no slide
0.70 no slide 5.0 no slide

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping per top–over lashing

SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
H/B 1 row 2 rows 3 rows 4 rows 5 rows H/L per section per section
0.6 no tip no tip no tip 6.3 2.9 0.6 no tip no tip
0.8 no tip no tip 5.4 2.1 1.4 0.8 no tip no tip
1.0 no tip no tip 2.2 1.3 0.96 1.0 no tip no tip
1.2 no tip 4.5 1.3 0.90 0.72 1.2 no tip no tip
1.4 no tip 2.2 0.98 0.70 0.58 1.4 5.9 no tip
1.6 no tip 1.5 0.77 0.57 0.48 1.6 2.5 no tip
1.8 no tip 1.1 0.63 0.48 0.41 1.8 1.6 18
2.0 no tip 0.89 0.54 0.42 0.36 2.0 1.2 7.1
2.2 7.1 0.74 0.47 0.37 0.32 2.2 0.93 4.4
2.4 3.5 0.64 0.41 0.33 0.29 2.4 0.77 3.2
2.6 2.4 0.56 0.37 0.30 0.26 2.6 0.66 2.4
2.8 1.8 0.50 0.34 0.27 0.24 2.8 0.57 1.8
3.0 1.4 0.45 0.31 0.25 0.22 3.0 0.51 1.4

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10.2 WEBBING 10.2.2 Half-loop lashings

The tables are valid for webbing with an MSL of 20 kN or
2,000 daN – (2,000 kg = 2 tonnes) and a pre-tension of
minimum 4 kN or 400 daN – (400 kg).

The masses in the tables below are valid for one pair of
half-loop lashings.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
HALF-LOOP LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per pair of half-loop lashing

 SIDEWAYS
0.00 4.1
0.05 4.6
0.10 5.2
0.15 5.9
0.20 6.7
0.25 7.7
0.30 9.1
0.35 11
0.40 13
0.45 17
0.50 no slide
0.55 no slide
0.60 no slide
0.65 no slide
0.70 no slide

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping

per pair of half-loop lashing
SIDEWAYS
H/B 1 row 2 rows 3 rows 4 rows 5 rows
0.6 no tip no tip no tip 18 8.2
0.8 no tip no tip 15 5.9 4.1
1.0 no tip no tip 6.1 3.6 2.7
1.2 no tip 13 3.8 2.5 2.0
1.4 no tip 6.4 2.8 2.0 1.6
1.6 no tip 4.2 2.2 1.6 1.4
1.8 no tip 3.2 1.8 1.4 1.2
2.0 no tip 2.5 1.5 1.2 1.0
2.2 20 2.1 1.3 1.0 0.91
2.4 10 1.8 1.2 0.94 0.82
2.6 6.8 1.6 1.1 0.85 0.74
2.8 5.1 1.4 0.96 0.78 0.68
3.0 4.1 1.3 0.87 0.71 0.63

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10.2 WEBBING 10.2.3 Straight lashings

The tables are valid for webbing with an MSL of 20 kN or 2,000
daN – (2,000 kg = 2 tonnes) and a pre-tension of minimum 4 kN
or 400 daN – (400 kg).

All masses are valid for one straight lashing.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
STRAIGHT LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per straight lashing
SIDEWAYS per
 FORWARD BACKWARD
side
0.00 1.0 0.64 1.0
0.05 1.2 0.76 1.2
0.10 1.5 0.89 1.5
0.15 1.8 1.0 1.8
0.20 2.2 1.2 2.2
0.25 2.7 1.4 2.7
0.30 3.3 1.6 3.3
0.35 4.1 1.8 4.1
0.40 5.2 2.1 5.2
0.45 6.8 2.4 6.8
0.50 no slide 2.8 10
0.55 no slide 3.2 13
0.60 no slide 3.7 no slide
0.65 no slide 4.4 no slide
0.70 no slide 5.2 no slide

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping per straight lashing

SIDEWAYS
H/B H/L FORWARD BACKWARD
per side
0.6 no tip 0.6 no tip no tip
0.8 no tip 0.8 no tip no tip
1.0 no tip 1.0 no tip no tip
1.2 no tip 1.2 no tip no tip
1.4 no tip 1.4 10 no tip
1.6 no tip 1.6 4.7 no tip
1.8 no tip 1.8 3.2 36
2.0 no tip 2.0 2.5 15
2.2 16 2.2 2.1 10
2.4 8.7 2.4 1.9 7.9
2.6 6.1 2.6 1.7 6.1
2.8 4.8 2.8 1.6 4.8
3.0 4.1 3.0 1.5 4.1

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10.2 WEBBING 10.2.4 Spring lashings

The tables are valid for webbing with an MSL of 20 kN or 2,000
daN – (2,000 kg = 2 tonnes) and a pre-tension of minimum 4 kN
or 400 daN – (400 kg).

The masses in the tables are valid for one spring lashing.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
SPRING LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding per
spring lashing

 FORWARD BACKWARD

0.00 3.6 5.8

0.05 3.9 6.5
0.10 4.3 7.3
0.15 4.7 8.3
0.20 5.1 9.5
0.25 5.6 11
0.30 6.1 13
0.35 6.8 15
0.40 7.5 19
0.45 8.3 24
0.50 9.3 35
0.55 11 43
0.60 12 no slide
0.65 14 no slide
0.70 16 no slide

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping

per spring lashing
H/L FORWARD BACKWARD
0.6 no tip no tip
0.8 no tip no tip
1.0 no tip no tip
1.2 no tip no tip
1.4 67 no tip
1.6 33 no tip
1.8 24 259
2.0 19 115
2.2 17 79
2.4 15 63
2.6 14 50
2.8 13 40
3.0 12 35

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10.3 TAG WASHERS AND NAILS

TAG WASHER

Approximate cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding by one tag washer
for wood on wood in combination with top-over lashing only
SIDEWAYS
\**
 48  62  75  95 3057 4865 130130
BS(ton) 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.2 0.5 0.7 1.5
0.10 0.31 0.44 0.56 0.75 0.31 0.44 0.94
0.20 0.42 0.58 0.75 1.00 0.42 0.58 1.3
0.30 0.63 0.88 1.1 1.5 0.63 0.88 1.9
FORWARD
0.10 0.18 0.25 0.32 0.43 0.18 0.25 0.54
0.20 0.21 0.29 0.38 0.50 0.21 0.29 0.63
0.30 0.25 0.35 0.45 0.60 0.25 0.35 0.75
BACKWARD
0.10 0.31 0.44 0.56 0.75 0.31 0.44 0.94
0.20 0.42 0.58 0.75 1.00 0.42 0.58 1.3
0.30 0.63 0.88 1.1 1.5 0.63 0.88 1.9
\**
Between tag washer and platform bed/cargo.

4 in (100 mm) – NAIL

Approximate cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding by one nail
SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
 \*** per side
blank galvanised blank galvanised blank Galvanised
BS (ton) 0.22 0.32 0.22 0.32 0.22 0.32
0.00 0.22 0.32 0.14 0.20 0.22 0.32
0.05 0.24 0.36 0.15 0.21 0.24 0.36
0.10 0.28 0.40 0.16 0.23 0.28 0.40
0.15 0.31 0.46 0.17 0.25 0.31 0.46
0.20 0.37 0.53 0.18 0.27 0.37 0.53
0.25 0.44 0.64 0.20 0.29 0.44 0.64
0.30 0.55 0.80 0.22 0.32 0.55 0.80
0.35 0.73 1.1 0.24 0.36 0.73 1.1
0.40 1.1 1.6 0.28 0.40 1.1 1.6
0.45 2.2 3.2 0.31 0.46 1.5 2.1
0.50 no slide no slide 0.37 0.53 2.2 3.2
0.55 no slide no slide 0.44 0.64 4.4 6.4
0.60 no slide no slide 0.55 0.80 no slide no slide
0.65 no slide no slide 0.73 1.1 no slide no slide
0.70 no slide no slide 1.1 1.6 no slide no slide
\***
Between cargo and platform bed.

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11. QUICK LASHING GUIDE B

Cargo securing on CTUs for transports

on Road, Combined Rail and in Sea
Area B
11.1 General Remarks

11.1.1 Accelerations to be expected expressed in parts of the gravity acceleration

(1g = 9.81 m/s2).

Transport mode/ Sideways Forward Backward

Sea area S V F V B V
Road 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.0
Combined Rail 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0
Sea Area B 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
V = Vertical acceleration to be used in combination with horizontal accelerations;
S Sideways, F Forward and B Backward.

11.1.2 Goods not rigid in form

If the goods are not rigid in form, more lashings than stipulated in this quick lashing guide
could be required.

11.1.3 Sideways, forward and backward refers to a fore–and–aft stowed CTU.

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11.2 WEBBING 11.2.1 Top–over lashings

The tables are valid for webbing with an MSL of 20 kN or 2,000

daN – (2,000 kg = 2 tonnes) and a pre-tension of minimum 4 kN
or 400 daN – (400 kg).

The values in the tables are proportional to the pre-tension in the

lashings.

The masses in the tables are valid for one top-over lashing.
TOP–OVER LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per top-over lashing
 SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08
0.10 0.12 0.10 0.18
0.15 0.19 0.16 0.30
0.20 0.28 0.24 0.47
0.25 0.39 0.32 0.71
0.30 0.53 0.43 1.0
0.35 0.71 0.55 1.3
0.40 0.95 0.71 1.6
0.45 1.3 0.91 1.9
0.50 1.8 1.2 2.4
0.55 2.6 1.6 2.9
0.60 4.3 2.1 3.5
0.65 9.2 3.1 4.4
0.70 no slide 5.0 5.5

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping per top-over lashing

SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
H/B 1 row 2 rows 3 rows 4 rows 5 rows H/L per section per section
0.6 no tip no tip 4.1 1.9 1.3 0.6 no tip no tip
0.8 no tip 7.4 1.6 1.0 0.80 0.8 no tip no tip
1.0 no tip 2.2 0.98 0.70 0.58 1.0 no tip no tip
1.2 no tip 1.3 0.71 0.53 0.45 1.2 12 12
1.4 no tip 0.93 0.55 0.43 0.37 1.4 5.9 5.9
1.6 5.9 0.72 0.46 0.36 0.31 1.6 2.5 3.9
1.8 2.7 0.59 0.39 0.31 0.27 1.8 1.6 3.0
2.0 1.8 0.50 0.34 0.27 0.24 2.0 1.2 2.4
2.2 1.3 0.43 0.30 0.24 0.22 2.2 0.93 2.0
2.4 1.0 0.38 0.27 0.22 0.19 2.4 0.77 1.7
2.6 0.86 0.34 0.24 0.20 0.18 2.6 0.66 1.5
2.8 0.74 0.31 0.22 0.18 0.16 2.8 0.57 1.3
3.0 0.64 0.28 0.20 0.17 0.15 3.0 0.51 1.2

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11.2 WEBBING 11.2.2 Half-loop lashings

The tables are valid for webbing with an MSL of 20 kN or
2,000 daN – (2,000 kg = 2 tonnes) and a pre-tension of
minimum 4 kN or 400 daN – (400 kg).

The masses in the tables below are valid for one pair of
half-loop lashings.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
HALF-LOOP LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per pair of half-loop lashing
 SIDEWAYS
0.00 2.9
0.05 3.2
0.10 3.5
0.15 3.9
0.20 4.3
0.25 4.7
0.30 5.3
0.35 5.9
0.40 6.6
0.45 7.5
0.50 8.6
0.55 10
0.60 12
0.65 14
0.70 no slide

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping

per pair of half-loop lashing
SIDEWAYS
H/B 1 row 2 rows 3 rows 4 rows 5 rows
0.6 no tip no tip 12 5.2 3.7
0.8 no tip 21 4.5 2.9 2.3
1.0 no tip 6.4 2.8 2.0 1.6
1.2 no tip 3.7 2.0 1.5 1.3
1.4 no tip 2.7 1.6 1.2 1.0
1.6 17 2.1 1.3 1.0 0.89
1.8 7.8 1.7 1.1 0.88 0.77
2.0 5.1 1.4 0.96 0.78 0.68
2.2 3.8 1.2 0.84 0.69 0.61
2.4 3.0 1.1 0.76 0.62 0.55
2.6 2.5 0.97 0.69 0.57 0.50
2.8 2.1 0.87 0.63 0.52 0.46
3.0 1.9 0.80 0.58 0.48 0.43

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11.2 WEBBING 11.2.3 Straight lashings

The tables are valid for webbing with an MSL of 20 kN or 2,000
daN – (2,000 kg = 2 tonnes) and a pre-tension of minimum 4 kN
or 400 daN – (400 kg).

All masses are valid for one straight lashing.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
STRAIGHT LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per straight lashing
SIDEWAYS per
 FORWARD BACKWARD
side
0.00 0.73 0.64 1.0
0.05 0.87 0.76 1.2
0.10 1.0 0.89 1.5
0.15 1.2 1.0 1.8
0.20 1.4 1.2 2.2
0.25 1.6 1.4 2.7
0.30 1.9 1.6 3.3
0.35 2.2 1.8 4.1
0.40 2.6 2.1 4.9
0.45 3.0 2.4 5.6
0.50 3.6 2.8 6.2
0.55 4.3 3.2 7.0
0.60 5.2 3.7 7.9
0.65 6.4 4.4 8.9
0.70 no slide 5.2 10.0

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping per straight lashing

SIDEWAYS
H/B H/L FORWARD BACKWARD
per side
0.6 no tip 0.6 no tip no tip
0.8 no tip 0.8 no tip no tip
1.0 no tip 1.0 no tip no tip
1.2 no tip 1.2 19 19
1.4 no tip 1.4 10 10
1.6 11 1.6 4.7 7.4
1.8 5.5 1.8 3.2 5.9
2.0 3.8 2.0 2.5 5.1
2.2 3.0 2.2 2.1 4.5
2.4 2.5 2.4 1.9 4.1
2.6 2.2 2.6 1.7 3.8
2.8 2.0 2.8 1.6 3.6
3.0 1.9 3.0 1.5 3.4

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11.2 WEBBING 11.2.4 Spring lashings

The tables are valid for webbing with an MSL of 20 kN or 2,000
daN – (2,000 kg = 2 tonnes) and a pre-tension of minimum 4 kN
or 400 daN – (400 kg).

The masses in the tables are valid for one spring lashing.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
SPRING LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding per
spring lashing

 FORWARD BACKWARD

0.00 3.6 5.8

0.05 3.9 6.5
0.10 4.3 7.3
0.15 4.7 8.3
0.20 5.1 9.5
0.25 5.6 11
0.30 6.1 13
0.35 6.8 15
0.40 7.5 18
0.45 8.3 19
0.50 9.3 21
0.55 11 23
0.60 12 25
0.65 14 28
0.70 16 31

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping

per spring lashing
H/L FORWARD BACKWARD
0.6 no tip no tip
0.8 no tip no tip
1.0 no tip no tip
1.2 115 115
1.4 67 67
1.6 33 51
1.8 24 43
2.0 19 38
2.2 17 35
2.4 15 33
2.6 14 31
2.8 13 30
3.0 12 29

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11.3 CHAIN 11.3.1 Top-over lashings

The tables are valid for chain ( 9 mm, class 8) with an MSL
of 50 kN or 5,000 daN – (5,000 kg = 5 tonnes) and a pre-tension
of minimum 10 kN or 1,000 daN – (1,000 kg = 1 tonne).

The values in the tables are proportional to the pre-tension in

the lashings.

The masses in the tables are valid for one top-over lashing.
TOP–OVER LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per top–over lashing
 SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.05 0.14 0.12 0.20
0.10 0.30 0.25 0.44
0.15 0.48 0.41 0.76
0.20 0.71 0.59 1.2
0.25 0.98 0.81 1.8
0.30 1.3 1.1 2.5
0.35 1.8 1.4 3.2
0.40 2.4 1.8 3.9
0.45 3.2 2.3 4.8
0.50 4.4 3.0 5.9
0.55 6.5 3.9 7.2
0.60 11 5.3 8.9
0.65 23 7.7 11
0.70 no slide 12 14

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping per top–over lashing

SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
H/B 1 row 2 rows 3 rows 4 rows 5 rows H/L per section per section
0.6 no tip no tip 10 4.6 3.3 0.6 no tip no tip
0.8 no tip 19 4.0 2.5 2.0 0.8 no tip no tip
1.0 no tip 5.6 2.4 1.7 1.4 1.0 no tip no tip
1.2 no tip 3.3 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.2 30 30
1.4 no tip 2.3 1.4 1.1 0.92 1.4 15 15
1.6 15 1.8 1.1 0.90 0.78 1.6 6.3 9.8
1.8 6.8 1.5 0.97 0.78 0.68 1.8 4.0 7.4
2.0 4.4 1.2 0.84 0.68 0.60 2.0 3.0 5.9
2.2 3.3 1.1 0.74 0.61 0.54 2.2 2.3 4.9
2.4 2.6 0.95 0.67 0.55 0.49 2.4 1.9 4.2
2.6 2.2 0.85 0.60 0.50 0.45 2.6 1.6 3.7
2.8 1.8 0.76 0.55 0.46 0.41 2.8 1.4 3.3
3.0 1.6 0.70 0.51 0.43 0.38 3.0 1.3 3.0

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11.3 CHAIN 11.3.2 Half-loop lashings

The tables are valid for chain ( 9 mm, class 8) with an MSL of
50 kN or 5,000 daN – (5,000 kg = 5 tonnes) and a pre-tension of
minimum 10 kn or 1,000 daN – (1,000 kg = 1 tonne).

The masses in the tables below are valid for one pair of half-loop
lashings.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
HALF-LOOP LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per pair of half-loop lashing
 SIDEWAYS
0.00 7.3
0.05 8.0
0.10 8.8
0.15 9.7
0.20 11
0.25 12
0.30 13
0.35 15
0.40 17
0.45 19
0.50 22
0.55 25
0.60 30
0.65 36
0.70 no slide

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping

per pair of half-loop lashing
SIDEWAYS
H/B 1 row 2 rows 3 rows 4 rows 5 rows
0.6 no tip no tip 29 13 9.3
0.8 no tip 53 11 7.2 5.7
1.0 no tip 16 7.0 5.0 4.1
1.2 no tip 9.4 5.0 3.8 3.2
1.4 no tip 6.6 3.9 3.1 2.6
1.6 42 5.1 3.2 2.6 2.2
1.8 20 4.2 2.8 2.2 1.9
2.0 13 3.5 2.4 1.9 1.7
2.2 9.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 1.5
2.4 7.5 2.7 1.9 1.6 1.4
2.6 6.2 2.4 1.7 1.4 1.3
2.8 5.3 2.2 1.6 1.3 1.2
3.0 4.6 2.0 1.4 1.2 1.1

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11.3 CHAIN 11.3.3 Straight lashings

The tables are valid for chain ( 9 mm, class 8) with an MSL
of 50 kN or 5,000 daN – (5,000 kg = 5 tonnes) and a pre-tension
of minimum 10 kN or 1,000 daN – (1,000 kg = 1 tonne).

All masses are valid for one straight lashing.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
STRAIGHT LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per straight lashing
SIDEWAYS per
 FORWARD BACKWARD
side
0.00 1.8 1.6 2.5
0.05 2.2 1.9 3.1
0.10 2.6 2.2 3.8
0.15 3.0 2.6 4.6
0.20 3.5 3.0 5.5
0.25 4.1 3.4 6.7
0.30 4.8 3.9 8.2
0.35 5.6 4.5 10
0.40 6.5 5.2 12
0.45 7.6 6.0 14
0.50 9.0 6.9 16
0.55 11 8.0 18
0.60 13 9.3 20
0.65 16 11 22
0.70 no slide 13 25

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping per straight lashing

SIDEWAYS
H/B H/L FORWARD BACKWARD
per side
0.6 no tip 0.6 no tip no tip
0.8 no tip 0.8 no tip no tip
1.0 no tip 1.0 no tip no tip
1.2 no tip 1.2 47 47
1.4 no tip 1.4 25 25
1.6 28 1.6 12 18
1.8 14 1.8 8.1 15
2.0 9.6 2.0 6.4 13
2.2 7.6 2.2 5.4 11
2.4 6.4 2.4 4.7 10
2.6 5.6 2.6 4.2 9.6
2.8 5.0 2.8 3.9 9.0
3.0 4.6 3.0 3.6 8.5

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11.3 CHAIN 11.3.4 Spring lashings

The tables are valid for chain ( 9 mm, class 8) with an MSL of
50kN or 5,000 daN – (5,000 kg = 5 tonnes) and a pre-tension of
minimum 10 kN or 1,000 daN – (1,000 kg = 1 tonne).

The masses in the tables are valid for one spring lashing.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
SPRING LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding per
spring lashing

 FORWARD BACKWARD

0.00 9.0 14
0.05 9.8 16
0.10 11 18
0.15 12 21
0.20 13 24
0.25 14 27
0.30 15 32
0.35 17 38
0.40 19 45
0.45 21 49
0.50 23 53
0.55 26 58
0.60 30 63
0.65 34 70
0.70 40 77

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping

per spring lashing
H/L FORWARD BACKWARD
0.6 no tip no tip
0.8 no tip no tip
1.0 no tip no tip
1.2 288 288
1.4 168 168
1.6 82 128
1.8 59 108
2.0 48 96
2.2 42 88
2.4 38 82
2.6 35 78
2.8 33 75
3.0 31 72

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11.4 STEEL STRAPPING 11.4.1 Top–over lashings

The tables are valid for steel strapping (32  0.8 mm) with
an MSL of 17 kN or 1,700 daN – (1,700 kg = 1.7 tonnes) and
a pre-tension of minimum 2.4 kN or 240 daN – (240 kg).

The values in the tables are proportional to the pre-tension in

the lashings.

The masses in the tables are valid for one top-over lashing.

TOP-OVER LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding

per top-over lashing
 SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.05 0.03 0.03 0.05
0.10 0.07 0.06 0.11
0.15 0.12 0.10 0.18
0.20 0.17 0.14 0.28
0.25 0.24 0.19 0.43
0.30 0.32 0.26 0.61
0.35 0.43 0.33 0.76
0.40 0.57 0.43 0.95
0.45 0.77 0.55 1.2
0.50 1.1 0.71 1.4
0.55 1.6 0.94 1.7
0.60 2.6 1.3 2.1
0.65 5.5 1.8 2.6
0.70 no slide 3.0 3.3

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping per top-over lashing

SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
H/B 1 row 2 rows 3 rows 4 rows 5 rows H/L per section per section
0.6 no tip no tip 2.5 1.1 0.79 0.6 no tip no tip
0.8 no tip 4.5 0.95 0.61 0.48 0.8 no tip no tip
1.0 no tip 1.3 0.59 0.42 0.35 1.0 no tip no tip
1.2 no tip 0.79 0.42 0.32 0.27 1.2 7.1 7.1
1.4 no tip 0.56 0.33 0.26 0.22 1.4 3.5 3.5
1.6 3.5 0.43 0.27 0.22 0.19 1.6 1.5 2.4
1.8 1.6 0.35 0.23 0.19 0.16 1.8 0.97 1.8
2.0 1.1 0.30 0.20 0.16 0.14 2.0 0.71 1.4
2.2 0.79 0.26 0.18 0.15 0.13 2.2 0.56 1.2
2.4 0.63 0.23 0.16 0.13 0.12 2.4 0.46 1.0
2.6 0.52 0.20 0.14 0.12 0.11 2.6 0.39 0.89
2.8 0.44 0.18 0.13 0.11 0.10 2.8 0.34 0.79
3.0 0.39 0.17 0.12 0.10 0.09 3.0 0.30 0.71

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11.4 STEEL STRAPPING 11.4.2 Half-loop lashings

The tables are valid for steel strapping (32  0.8 mm) with
an MSL of 17 kN or 1,700 daN – (1,700 kg = 1.7 tonnes)
and a pre-tension of minimum 2.4 kN or 240 daN – (240 kg).

The masses in the tables below are valid for one pair of
half-loop lashings.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (BS) in the lashings.
HALF-LOOP LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per pair of half-loop lashing
 SIDEWAYS
0.00 2.5
0.05 2.7
0.10 3.0
0.15 3.3
0.20 3.6
0.25 4.0
0.30 4.5
0.35 5.0
0.40 5.6
0.45 6.4
0.50 7.3
0.55 8.5
0.60 10
0.65 12
0.70 no slide

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping

per pair of half-loop lashing
SIDEWAYS
H/B 1 row 2 rows 3 rows 4 rows 5 rows
0.6 no tip no tip 10.0 4.5 3.2
0.8 no tip 18 3.8 2.4 1.9
1.0 no tip 5.4 2.4 1.7 1.4
1.2 no tip 3.2 1.7 1.3 1.1
1.4 no tip 2.3 1.3 1.0 0.89
1.6 14 1.7 1.1 0.87 0.75
1.8 6.7 1.4 0.94 0.75 0.65
2.0 4.3 1.2 0.81 0.66 0.58
2.2 3.2 1.0 0.72 0.59 0.52
2.4 2.5 0.92 0.64 0.53 0.47
2.6 2.1 0.82 0.58 0.48 0.43
2.8 1.8 0.74 0.53 0.44 0.39
3.0 1.6 0.68 0.49 0.41 0.36

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11.4 STEEL STRAPPING 11.4.3 Straight lashings

The tables are valid for steel strapping (32  0.8 mm) with
an MSL of 17 kN or 1,700 daN – (1,700 kg = 1.7 tonnes)
and a pre-tension of minimum 2.4 kN or 240 daN – (240
kg).

All masses are valid for one straight lashing.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
STRAIGHT LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per straight lashing
SIDEWAYS per
 FORWARD BACKWARD
side
0.00 0.62 0.54 0.87
0.05 0.74 0.64 1.1
0.10 0.87 0.75 1.3
0.15 1.0 0.88 1.6
0.20 1.2 1.0 1.9
0.25 1.4 1.2 2.3
0.30 1.6 1.3 2.8
0.35 1.9 1.5 3.5
0.40 2.2 1.8 4.2
0.45 2.6 2.0 4.7
0.50 3.1 2.3 5.3
0.55 3.7 2.7 6.0
0.60 4.4 3.2 6.7
0.65 5.5 3.7 7.6
0.70 no slide 4.4 8.5

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping per straight lashing

SIDEWAYS per
H/B H/L FORWARD BACKWARD
side
0.6 no tip 0.6 no tip no tip
0.8 no tip 0.8 no tip no tip
1.0 no tip 1.0 no tip no tip
1.2 no tip 1.2 16 16
1.4 no tip 1.4 8.7 8.7
1.6 9.4 1.6 4.0 6.3
1.8 4.7 1.8 2.8 5.1
2.0 3.2 2.0 2.2 4.3
2.2 2.6 2.2 1.8 3.9
2.4 2.2 2.4 1.6 3.5
2.6 1.9 2.6 1.4 3.2
2.8 1.7 2.8 1.3 3.0
3.0 1.6 3.0 1.2 2.9

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11.4 STEEL STRAPPING 11.4.4 Spring lashings

The tables are valid for steel strapping (32  0.8 mm)
with an MSL of 17 kN or 1,700 daN – (1,700 kg =
1.7 tonnes) and a pre-tension of minimum 2.4 kN or
240 daN – (240 kg).

The masses in the tables are valid for one spring

lashing.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
SPRING LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding per
spring lashing

 FORWARD BACKWARD

0.00 3.1 4.9

0.05 3.3 5.5
0.10 3.6 6.2
0.15 4.0 7.0
0.20 4.3 8.1
0.25 4.8 9.3
0.30 5.2 11
0.35 5.8 13
0.40 6.4 15
0.45 7.1 16
0.50 7.9 18
0.55 8.9 20
0.60 10 22
0.65 12 24
0.70 14 26

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping

per spring lashing
H/L FORWARD BACKWARD
0.6 no tip no tip
0.8 no tip no tip
1.0 no tip no tip
1.2 98 98
1.4 57 57
1.6 28 44
1.8 20 37
2.0 16 33
2.2 14 30
2.4 13 28
2.6 12 27
2.8 11 25
3.0 11 25

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11.5 WIRE 11.5.1 Top-over lashings

The tables are valid for steel wire rope ( 16 mm/144 wires)
with an MSL of 91 kN or 9,100 daN – (9,100 kg = 9.1 tonnes) and a
pre-tension of minimum 10 kN or 1,000 daN – (1,000 kg = 1 tonne).

The values in the tables are proportional to the pre-tension in the

lashings.

The masses in the tables are valid for one top-over lashing.

TOP–OVER LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding

per top-over lashing
 SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.05 0.14 0.12 0.20
0.10 0.30 0.25 0.44
0.15 0.48 0.41 0.76
0.20 0.71 0.59 1.2
0.25 0.98 0.81 1.8
0.30 1.3 1.1 2.5
0.35 1.8 1.4 3.2
0.40 2.4 1.8 3.9
0.45 3.2 2.3 4.8
0.50 4.4 3.0 5.9
0.55 6.5 3.9 7.2
0.60 11 5.3 8.9
0.65 23 7.7 11
0.70 no slide 12 14

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping per top-over lashing

SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
H/B 1 row 2 rows 3 rows 4 rows 5 rows H/L per section per section
0.6 no tip no tip 10 4.6 3.3 0.6 no tip no tip
0.8 no tip 19 4.0 2.5 2.0 0.8 no tip no tip
1.0 no tip 5.6 2.4 1.7 1.4 1.0 no tip no tip
1.2 no tip 3.3 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.2 30 30
1.4 no tip 2.3 1.4 1.1 0.92 1.4 15 15
1.6 15 1.8 1.1 0.90 0.78 1.6 6.3 9.8
1.8 6.8 1.5 0.97 0.78 0.68 1.8 4.0 7.4
2.0 4.4 1.2 0.84 0.68 0.60 2.0 3.0 5.9
2.2 3.3 1.1 0.74 0.61 0.54 2.2 2.3 4.9
2.4 2.6 0.95 0.67 0.55 0.49 2.4 1.9 4.2
2.6 2.2 0.85 0.60 0.50 0.45 2.6 1.6 3.7
2.8 1.8 0.76 0.55 0.46 0.41 2.8 1.4 3.3
3.0 1.6 0.70 0.51 0.43 0.38 3.0 1.3 3.0

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NOTE: WIRES OF THIS SIZE ARE NOT SUITABLE FOR SECURING CARGO WITHIN
CONTAINERS AS STRENGTH OF ANCHOR AND LASHING POINTS ARE LIKELY TO BE
EXCEEDED.

11.5 WIRE 11.5.2 Half-loop lashings

The tables are valid for steel wire rope ( 16 mm/144 wires)
with an MSL of 91 kN or 9,100 daN – (9,100 kg = 9.1 tonnes) and a
pre-tension of minimum 10 kN or 1,000 daN – (1,000 kg = 1 tonne).

The masses in the tables below are valid for one pair of half-loop
lashings.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
HALF-LOOP LASHING per pair of half-loop lashing
 SIDEWAYS
0.00 13
0.05 15
0.10 16
0.15 18
0.20 19
0.25 21
0.30 24
0.35 27
0.40 30
0.45 34
0.50 39
0.55 46
0.60 54
0.65 65
0.70 no slide

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping

per pair of half-loop lashing
SIDEWAYS
H/B 1 row 2 rows 3 rows 4 rows 5 rows
0.6 no tip no tip 54 24 17
0.8 no tip 97 20 13 10
1.0 no tip 29 13 9.0 7.4
1.2 no tip 17 9.2 6.9 5.8
1.4 no tip 12 7.2 5.6 4.8
1.6 77 9.4 5.9 4.7 4.0
1.8 36 7.6 5.0 4.0 3.5
2.0 23 6.4 4.3 3.5 3.1
2.2 17 5.6 3.8 3.1 2.8
2.4 14 4.9 3.4 2.8 2.5
2.6 11 4.4 3.1 2.6 2.3
2.8 9.7 4.0 2.9 2.4 2.1
3.0 8.4 3.6 2.6 2.2 2.0

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11.5 WIRE 11.5.3 Straight lashings

The tables are valid for steel wire rope ( 16 mm/144 wires)
with an MSL of 91 kN or 9,100 daN – (9,100 kg = 9.1 tonnes)
and a pre-tension of minimum 10 kN or 1,000 daN – (1,000 kg =
1 tonne).

All masses are valid for one straight lashing.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
STRAIGHT LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per straight lashing
SIDEWAYS
 FORWARD BACKWARD
per side
0.00 3.3 2.9 4.6
0.05 4.0 3.4 5.7
0.10 4.7 4.0 6.9
0.15 5.5 4.7 8.3
0.20 6.4 5.4 10
0.25 7.5 6.2 12
0.30 8.7 7.2 15
0.35 10 8.2 19
0.40 12 9.5 23
0.45 14 11 25
0.50 16 13 28
0.55 20 15 32
0.60 24 17 36
0.65 29 20 41
0.70 no slide 23 45

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping per straight lashing

SIDEWAYS
H/B H/L FORWARD BACKWARD
per side
0.6 no tip 0.6 no tip no tip
0.8 no tip 0.8 no tip no tip
1.0 no tip 1.0 no tip no tip
1.2 no tip 1.2 85 85
1.4 no tip 1.4 46 46
1.6 50 1.6 22 33
1.8 25 1.8 15 27
2.0 17 2.0 12 23
2.2 14 2.2 9.8 21
2.4 12 2.4 8.6 19
2.6 10 2.6 7.7 17
2.8 9.2 2.8 7.1 16
3.0 8.4 3.0 6.6 15

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11.5 WIRE 11.5.4 Spring lashings

The tables are valid for steel wire rope ( 16 mm/144
wires) with an MSL of 91 kN or 9,100 daN – (9,100 kg =
9.1 tonnes) and a pre-tension of minimum 10 kN or
1,000 daN – (1,000 kg = 1 tonne).

The masses in the tables are valid for one spring lashing.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
SPRING LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding per
spring lashing

 FORWARD BACKWARD

0.00 16 26
0.05 18 29
0.10 19 33
0.15 21 38
0.20 23 43
0.25 25 50
0.30 28 58
0.35 31 70
0.40 34 81
0.45 38 88
0.50 42 96
0.55 48 105
0.60 54 115
0.65 62 127
0.70 73 140

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping

per spring lashing
H/L FORWARD BACKWARD
0.6 no tip no tip
0.8 no tip no tip
1.0 no tip no tip
1.2 525 525
1.4 306 306
1.6 150 233
1.8 107 197
2.0 87 175
2.2 76 160
2.4 68 150
2.6 63 142
2.8 59 136
3.0 56 131

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11.6 TAG WASHERS AND NAILS

TAG WASHER

Approximate cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding by one tag washer
for wood on wood in combination with top-over lashing only

SIDEWAYS
\**
 48  62  75  95 3057 4865 130130
BS (ton) 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.2 0.5 0.7 1.5
0.10 0.21 0.29 0.38 0.50 0.21 0.29 0.63
0.20 0.25 0.35 0.45 0.60 0.25 0.35 0.75
0.30 0.31 0.44 0.56 0.75 0.31 0.44 0.94
FORWARD
0.10 0.18 0.25 0.32 0.43 0.18 0.25 0.54
0.20 0.21 0.29 0.38 0.50 0.21 0.29 0.63
0.30 0.25 0.35 0.45 0.60 0.25 0.35 0.75
BACKWARD
0.10 0.31 0.44 0.56 0.75 0.31 0.44 0.94
0.20 0.42 0.58 0.75 1.00 0.42 0.58 1.3
0.30 0.60 0.83 1.1 1.4 0.60 0.83 1.8
\**
Between tag washer and platform bed/cargo.

4 in (100 mm) – NAIL

Approximate cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding by one nail
SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
\*** per side
blank galvanised blank galvanised blank galvanised
BS (ton) 0.22 0.32 0.22 0.32 0.22 0.32
0.00 0.16 0.23 0.14 0.20 0.22 0.32
0.05 0.17 0.25 0.15 0.21 0.24 0.36
0.10 0.18 0.27 0.16 0.23 0.28 0.40
0.15 0.20 0.29 0.17 0.25 0.31 0.46
0.20 0.22 0.32 0.18 0.27 0.37 0.53
0.25 0.24 0.36 0.20 0.29 0.44 0.64
0.30 0.28 0.40 0.22 0.32 0.52 0.76
0.35 0.31 0.46 0.24 0.36 0.56 0.82
0.40 0.37 0.53 0.28 0.40 0.61 0.89
0.45 0.44 0.64 0.31 0.46 0.67 0.97
0.50 0.55 0.80 0.37 0.53 0.73 1.1
0.55 0.73 1.1 0.44 0.64 0.81 1.2
0.60 1.1 1.6 0.55 0.80 0.92 1.3
0.65 2.2 3.2 0.73 1.1 1.0 1.5
0.70 no slide no slide 1.1 1.6 1.2 1.8
\***
Between cargo and platform bed.

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12. QUICK LASHING GUIDE C

Cargo securing on CTUs for transports on

Road, Combined Rail and in Sea Area C
12.1 General Remarks

12.1.1 Accelerations to be expected expressed in parts of the gravity acceleration

(1g = 9.81 m/s2).

Transport mode/ Sideways Forward Backward

Sea area S V F V B V

Road 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.0

Combined Rail 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0

Sea Area C 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2

V = Vertical acceleration to be used in combination with horizontal accelerations;
S Sideways, F Forward and B Backward.

12.1.2 Goods not rigid in form

If the goods are not rigid in form, more lashings than stipulated in this quick lashing guide
could be required.

12.1.3 Sideways, forward and backward refers to a fore–and–aft stowed CTU.

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12.2 WEBBING 12.2.1 Top-over lashings

The tables are valid for webbing with an MSL of 20 kN or
2,000 daN – (2,000 kg = 2 tonnes) and a pre-tension of
minimum 4 kN or 400 daN – (400 kg).

The values in the tables are proportional to the lashings'

pre-tension.

The masses in the tables are valid for one top-over lashing.
TOP–OVER LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per top–over lashing
 SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08
0.10 0.10 0.10 0.18
0.15 0.16 0.16 0.29
0.20 0.24 0.24 0.39
0.25 0.32 0.32 0.51
0.30 0.43 0.43 0.63
0.35 0.55 0.55 0.75
0.40 0.71 0.71 0.89
0.45 0.91 0.91 1.0
0.50 1.2 1.2 1.2
0.55 1.6 1.3 1.3
0.60 2.1 1.5 1.5
0.65 3.1 1.7 1.7
0.70 5.0 1.9 1.9

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping per top–over lashing

SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
4
H/B 1 row 2 rows 3 rows 5 rows H/L per section per section
rows
0.6 no tip no tip 2.4 1.4 1.0 0.6 18 18
0.8 no tip 3.2 1.2 0.81 0.66 0.8 5.9 5.9
1.0 no tip 1.5 0.77 0.57 0.48 1.0 3.5 3.5
1.2 no tip 0.97 0.57 0.44 0.38 1.2 2.5 2.5
1.4 5.9 0.72 0.46 0.36 0.31 1.4 2.0 2.0
1.6 2.5 0.57 0.38 0.31 0.27 1.6 1.6 1.6
1.8 1.6 0.47 0.32 0.26 0.23 1.8 1.4 1.4
2.0 1.2 0.41 0.28 0.23 0.21 2.0 1.2 1.2
2.2 0.93 0.35 0.25 0.21 0.18 2.2 0.93 1.0
2.4 0.77 0.31 0.23 0.19 0.17 2.4 0.77 0.93
2.6 0.66 0.28 0.21 0.17 0.15 2.6 0.66 0.84
2.8 0.57 0.26 0.19 0.16 0.14 2.8 0.57 0.77
3.0 0.51 0.23 0.17 0.15 0.13 3.0 0.51 0.71

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12.2 WEBBING 12.2.2 Half-loop lashings

The tables are valid for webbing with an MSL of 20 kN or 2,000
daN – (2,000 kg = 2 tonnes) and a pre-tension of minimum 4 kN
or 400 daN – (400 kg).

The masses in the tables below are valid for one pair of half-loop
lashings.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
HALF-LOOP LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per pair of half-loop lashing
 SIDEWAYS
0.00 2.5
0.05 2.8
0.10 3.0
0.15 3.3
0.20 3.6
0.25 4.0
0.30 4.3
0.35 4.8
0.40 5.3
0.45 5.9
0.50 6.6
0.55 7.4
0.60 8.4
0.65 9.7
0.70 11

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping

per pair of half-loop lashing
SIDEWAYS
H/B 1 row 2 rows 3 rows 4 rows 5 rows
0.6 no tip no tip 7.0 3.9 2.9
0.8 no tip 9.1 3.3 2.3 1.9
1.0 no tip 4.2 2.2 1.6 1.4
1.2 no tip 2.8 1.6 1.3 1.1
1.4 17 2.1 1.3 1.0 0.89
1.6 7.3 1.6 1.1 0.87 0.76
1.8 4.6 1.4 0.92 0.75 0.66
2.0 3.4 1.2 0.80 0.66 0.58
2.2 2.7 1.0 0.71 0.59 0.52
2.4 2.2 0.90 0.64 0.53 0.47
2.6 1.9 0.81 0.58 0.49 0.43
2.8 1.6 0.73 0.53 0.45 0.40
3.0 1.5 0.67 0.49 0.41 0.37

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12.2 WEBBING 12.2.3 Straight lashings

The tables are valid for webbing with an MSL of 20 kN or 2,000
daN – (2,000 kg = 2 tonnes) and a pre-tension of minimum 4 kN
or 400 daN – (400 kg).

All masses are valid for one straight lashing.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
STRAIGHT LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per straight lashing
SIDEWAYS
 FORWARD BACKWARD
per side
0.00 0.64 0.64 1.0
0.05 0.76 0.76 1.2
0.10 0.89 0.89 1.5
0.15 1.0 1.0 1.8
0.20 1.2 1.2 2.1
0.25 1.4 1.4 2.3
0.30 1.6 1.6 2.6
0.35 1.8 1.8 2.8
0.40 2.1 2.1 3.1
0.45 2.4 2.4 3.3
0.50 2.8 2.8 3.6
0.55 3.2 3.2 3.9
0.60 3.7 3.7 4.2
0.65 4.4 4.4 4.5
0.70 5.2 4.8 4.8

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping per straight lashing

SIDEWAYS
H/B H/L FORWARD BACKWARD
per side
0.6 no tip 0.6 20 20
0.8 no tip 0.8 7.6 7.6
1.0 no tip 1.0 5.1 5.1
1.2 no tip 1.2 4.0 4.0
1.4 10 1.4 3.4 3.4
1.6 4.7 1.6 3.0 3.0
1.8 3.2 1.8 2.7 2.7
2.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.5
2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.4
2.4 1.9 2.4 1.9 2.3
2.6 1.7 2.6 1.7 2.2
2.8 1.6 2.8 1.6 2.1
3.0 1.5 3.0 1.5 2.0

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12.2 WEBBING 12.2.4 Spring lashings

The tables are valid for webbing with an MSL of 20 kN or 2,000
daN – (2,000 kg = 2 tonnes) and a pre-tension of minimum 4 kN
or 400 daN – (400 kg).

The masses in the tables are valid for one spring lashing.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
SPRING LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding per
spring lashing

 FORWARD BACKWARD

0.00 3.6 5.8

0.05 3.9 6.5
0.10 4.3 7.3
0.15 4.7 8.3
0.20 5.1 9.0
0.25 5.6 9.4
0.30 6.1 9.9
0.35 6.8 10
0.40 7.5 11
0.45 8.3 12
0.50 9.3 12
0.55 11 13
0.60 12 13
0.65 14 14
0.70 15 15

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping

per spring lashing
H/L FORWARD BACKWARD
0.6 86 86
0.8 38 38
1.0 29 29
1.2 25 25
1.4 22 22
1.6 21 21
1.8 20 20
2.0 19 19
2.2 17 19
2.4 15 18
2.6 14 18
2.8 13 18
3.0 12 17

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12.3 CHAIN 12.3.1 Top-over lashings

The tables are valid for chain ( 9 mm, class 8) with an MSL of
50 kN or 5,000 daN – (5,000 kg = 5 tonnes) and a pre-tension of
minimum 10 kN or 1,000 daN – (1,000 kg = 1 tonne).

The values in the tables are proportional to the pre-tension in

the lashings.

The masses in the tables are valid for one top–over lashing.
TOP-OVER LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per top-over lashing
 SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.05 0.12 0.12 0.20
0.10 0.25 0.25 0.44
0.15 0.41 0.41 0.72
0.20 0.59 0.59 0.98
0.25 0.81 0.81 1.3
0.30 1.1 1.1 1.6
0.35 1.4 1.4 1.9
0.40 1.8 1.8 2.2
0.45 2.3 2.3 2.6
0.50 3.0 3.0 3.0
0.55 3.9 3.4 3.4
0.60 5.3 3.8 3.8
0.65 7.7 4.3 4.3
0.70 12 4.8 4.8

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping per top-over lashing

SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
H/B 1 row 2 rows 3 rows 4 rows 5 rows H/L per section per section
0.6 no tip no tip 6.1 3.4 2.6 0.6 44 44
0.8 no tip 8.0 2.9 2.0 1.6 0.8 15 15
1.0 no tip 3.7 1.9 1.4 1.2 1.0 8.9 8.9
1.2 no tip 2.4 1.4 1.1 0.95 1.2 6.3 6.3
1.4 15 1.8 1.1 0.90 0.78 1.4 4.9 4.9
1.6 6.3 1.4 0.95 0.76 0.67 1.6 4.0 4.0
1.8 4.0 1.2 0.81 0.66 0.58 1.8 3.4 3.4
2.0 3.0 1.0 0.71 0.58 0.52 2.0 3.0 3.0
2.2 2.3 0.89 0.63 0.52 0.46 2.2 2.3 2.6
2.4 1.9 0.79 0.57 0.47 0.42 2.4 1.9 2.3
2.6 1.6 0.71 0.51 0.43 0.38 2.6 1.6 2.1
2.8 1.4 0.64 0.47 0.40 0.35 2.8 1.4 1.9
3.0 1.3 0.59 0.43 0.37 0.33 3.0 1.3 1.8

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12.3 CHAIN 12.3.2 Half-loop lashings

The tables are valid for chain ( 9 mm, class 8) with an MSL of
50 kN or 5,000 daN – (5,000 kg = 5 tonnes) and a pre-tension of
minimum 10 kN or 1,000 daN – (1,000 kg = 1 tonne).

The masses in the tables below are valid for one pair of half-loop
lashings.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
HALF-LOOP LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per pair of half-loop lashing
 SIDEWAYS
0.00 6.4
0.05 6.9
0.10 7.6
0.15 8.2
0.20 9.0
0.25 9.9
0.30 11
0.35 12
0.40 13
0.45 15
0.50 16
0.55 19
0.60 21
0.65 24
0.70 28

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping

per pair of half-loop lashing
SIDEWAYS
H/B 1 row 2 rows 3 rows 4 rows 5 rows
0.6 no tip no tip 17 9.7 7.3
0.8 no tip 23 8.3 5.7 4.6
1.0 no tip 11 5.5 4.1 3.4
1.2 no tip 6.9 4.1 3.1 2.7
1.4 42 5.1 3.2 2.6 2.2
1.6 18 4.1 2.7 2.2 1.9
1.8 12 3.4 2.3 1.9 1.6
2.0 8.5 2.9 2.0 1.7 1.5
2.2 6.7 2.5 1.8 1.5 1.3
2.4 5.5 2.2 1.6 1.3 1.2
2.6 4.7 2.0 1.5 1.2 1.1
2.8 4.1 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.00
3.0 3.6 1.7 1.2 1.0 0.93

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12.3 CHAIN 12.3.3 Straight lashings

The tables are valid for chain ( 9 mm, class 8) with an MSL
of 50 kN or 5,000 daN – (5,000 kg = 5 tonnes) and a pre-tension
of minimum 10 kN or 1,000 daN – (1,000 kg = 1 tonne).

All masses are valid for one straight lashing.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
STRAIGHT LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per straight lashing
SIDEWAYS per
 FORWARD BACKWARD
side
0.00 1.6 1.6 2.5
0.05 1.9 1.9 3.1
0.10 2.2 2.2 3.8
0.15 2.6 2.6 4.6
0.20 3.0 3.0 5.2
0.25 3.4 3.4 5.8
0.30 3.9 3.9 6.4
0.35 4.5 4.5 7.0
0.40 5.2 5.2 7.6
0.45 6.0 6.0 8.3
0.50 6.9 6.9 9.0
0.55 8.0 8.0 9.7
0.60 9.3 9.3 11
0.65 11 11 11
0.70 13 12 12

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping per straight lashing

SIDEWAYS
H/B H/L FORWARD BACKWARD
per side
0.6 no tip 0.6 51 51
0.8 no tip 0.8 19 19
1.0 no tip 1.0 13 13
1.2 no tip 1.2 10 10
1.4 25 1.4 8.5 8.5
1.6 12 1.6 7.5 7.5
1.8 8.1 1.8 6.9 6.9
2.0 6.4 2.0 6.4 6.4
2.2 5.4 2.2 5.4 6.0
2.4 4.7 2.4 4.7 5.7
2.6 4.2 2.6 4.2 5.5
2.8 3.9 2.8 3.9 5.3
3.0 3.6 3.0 3.6 5.1

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12.3 CHAIN 12.3.4 Spring lashings

The tables are valid for chain ( 9 mm, class 8) with an
MSL of 50 kN or 5,000 daN – (5,000 kg = 5 tonnes) and a
pre-tension of minimum 10 kN or 1,000 daN – (1,000 kg =
1 tonne).
The masses in the tables are valid for one spring lashing.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
SPRING LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding per
spring lashing

 FORWARD BACKWARD

0.00 9.0 14
0.05 9.8 16
0.10 11 18
0.15 12 21
0.20 13 22
0.25 14 24
0.30 15 25
0.35 17 26
0.40 19 28
0.45 21 29
0.50 23 30
0.55 26 32
0.60 30 34
0.65 34 35
0.70 37 37

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping

per spring lashing
H/L FORWARD BACKWARD
0.6 216 216
0.8 96 96
1.0 72 72
1.2 62 62
1.4 56 56
1.6 52 52
1.8 50 50
2.0 48 48
2.2 42 47
2.4 38 46
2.6 35 45
2.8 33 44
3.0 31 43

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12.4 STEEL STRAPPING 12.4.1 Top-over lashings

The tables are valid for steel strapping (32  0.8 mm) with an MSL
of 17 kN or 1,700 daN – (1,700 kg = 1.7 tonnes) and a pre-tension
of minimum 2.4 kN or 240 daN – (240 kg).

The values in the tables are proportional to the pre-tension in the

lashings.

The masses in the tables are valid for one top-over lashing.

TOP-OVER LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding

per top-over lashing
 SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.05 0.03 0.03 0.05
0.10 0.06 0.06 0.11
0.15 0.10 0.10 0.17
0.20 0.14 0.14 0.24
0.25 0.19 0.19 0.30
0.30 0.26 0.26 0.38
0.35 0.33 0.33 0.45
0.40 0.43 0.43 0.53
0.45 0.55 0.55 0.62
0.50 0.71 0.71 0.71
0.55 0.94 0.81 0.81
0.60 1.3 0.91 0.91
0.65 1.8 1.0 1.0
0.70 3.0 1.1 1.1

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping per top-over lashing

SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
H/B 1 row 2 rows 3 rows 4 rows 5 rows H/L per section per section
0.6 no tip no tip 1.5 0.82 0.62 0.6 11 11
0.8 no tip 1.9 0.70 0.48 0.39 0.8 3.5 3.5
1.0 no tip 0.89 0.46 0.34 0.29 1.0 2.1 2.1
1.2 no tip 0.58 0.34 0.27 0.23 1.2 1.5 1.5
1.4 3.5 0.43 0.27 0.22 0.19 1.4 1.2 1.2
1.6 1.5 0.34 0.23 0.18 0.16 1.6 0.97 0.97
1.8 0.97 0.28 0.19 0.16 0.14 1.8 0.82 0.82
2.0 0.71 0.24 0.17 0.14 0.12 2.0 0.71 0.71
2.2 0.56 0.21 0.15 0.13 0.11 2.2 0.56 0.63
2.4 0.46 0.19 0.14 0.11 0.10 2.4 0.46 0.56
2.6 0.39 0.17 0.12 0.10 0.09 2.6 0.39 0.51
2.8 0.34 0.15 0.11 0.09 0.08 2.8 0.34 0.46
3.0 0.30 0.14 0.10 0.09 0.08 3.0 0.30 0.43

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12.4 STEEL STRAPPING 12.4.2 Half-loop lashings

The tables are valid for steel strapping (32  0.8 mm) with
an MSL of 17 kN or 1,700 daN – (1,700 kg = 1.7 tonnes)
and a pre-tension of minimum 2.4 kN or 240 daN – (240 kg).
The masses in the tables below are valid for one pair of
half-loop lashings.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
HALF-LOOP LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per pair of half-loop lashing
 SIDEWAYS
0.00 2.2
0.05 2.4
0.10 2.6
0.15 2.8
0.20 3.1
0.25 3.4
0.30 3.7
0.35 4.1
0.40 4.5
0.45 5.0
0.50 5.6
0.55 6.3
0.60 7.2
0.65 8.2
0.70 9.6

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping

per pair of half-loop lashing
SIDEWAYS
H/B 1 row 2 rows 3 rows 4 rows 5 rows
0.6 no tip no tip 5.9 3.3 2.5
0.8 no tip 7.7 2.8 1.9 1.6
1.0 no tip 3.6 1.9 1.4 1.2
1.2 no tip 2.4 1.4 1.1 0.91
1.4 14 1.7 1.1 0.87 0.75
1.6 6.2 1.4 0.92 0.74 0.64
1.8 3.9 1.2 0.78 0.64 0.56
2.0 2.9 0.98 0.68 0.56 0.50
2.2 2.3 0.86 0.61 0.50 0.44
2.4 1.9 0.76 0.55 0.45 0.40
2.6 1.6 0.69 0.50 0.41 0.37
2.8 1.4 0.62 0.45 0.38 0.34
3.0 1.2 0.57 0.42 0.35 0.32

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12.4 STEEL STRAPPING 12.4.3 Straight lashings

The tables are valid for steel strapping (32  0.8 mm) with
an MSL of 17 kN or 1,700 daN – (1,700 kg = 1.7 tonnes)
and a pre-tension of minimum 2.4 kN or 240 daN – (240 kg).

All masses are valid for one straight lashing.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
STRAIGHT LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per straight lashing
SIDEWAYS per
 FORWARD BACKWARD
side
0.00 0.54 0.54 0.87
0.05 0.64 0.64 1.1
0.10 0.75 0.75 1.3
0.15 0.88 0.88 1.6
0.20 1.0 1.0 1.8
0.25 1.2 1.2 2.0
0.30 1.3 1.3 2.2
0.35 1.5 1.5 2.4
0.40 1.8 1.8 2.6
0.45 2.0 2.0 2.8
0.50 2.3 2.3 3.1
0.55 2.7 2.7 3.3
0.60 3.2 3.2 3.6
0.65 3.7 3.7 3.9
0.70 4.4 4.1 4.1

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping per straight lashing

SIDEWAYS
H/B H/L FORWARD BACKWARD
per side
0.6 no tip 0.6 17 17
0.8 no tip 0.8 6.5 6.5
1.0 no tip 1.0 4.3 4.3
1.2 no tip 1.2 3.4 3.4
1.4 8.7 1.4 2.9 2.9
1.6 4.0 1.6 2.6 2.6
1.8 2.8 1.8 2.3 2.3
2.0 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.2
2.2 1.8 2.2 1.8 2.0
2.4 1.6 2.4 1.6 1.9
2.6 1.4 2.6 1.4 1.9
2.8 1.3 2.8 1.3 1.8
3.0 1.2 3.0 1.2 1.7

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12.4 STEEL STRAPPING 12.4.4 Spring lashings

The tables are valid for steel strapping (32  0.8 mm) with
an MSL of 17 kN or 1,700 daN – (1,700 kg = 1.7 tonnes)
and a pre-tension of minimum 2.4 kN or 240 daN – (240 kg).
The masses in the tables are valid for one spring lashing.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
SPRING LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding per
spring lashing

 FORWARD BACKWARD

0.00 3.1 4.9

0.05 3.3 5.5
0.10 3.6 6.2
0.15 4.0 7.0
0.20 4.3 7.6
0.25 4.8 8.0
0.30 5.2 8.5
0.35 5.8 8.9
0.40 6.4 9.4
0.45 7.1 9.9
0.50 7.9 10
0.55 8.9 11
0.60 10 11
0.65 12 12
0.70 13 13

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping

per spring lashing
H/L FORWARD BACKWARD
0.6 74 74
0.8 33 33
1.0 25 25
1.2 21 21
1.4 19 19
1.6 18 18
1.8 17 17
2.0 16 16
2.2 14 16
2.4 13 15
2.6 12 15
2.8 11 15
3.0 11 15

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12.5 WIRE 12.5.1 Top-over lashings

The tables are valid for steel wire rope ( 16 mm/144
wires) with an MSL of 91 kN or 9,100 daN – (9,100 kg = 9.1
tonnes) and a pre-tension of minimum 10 kN or 1,000 daN –
(1,000 kg = 1 tonne).

The values in the tables are proportional to the pre-tension

in the lashings.

The masses in the tables are valid for one top-over lashing.
TOP-OVER LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per top-over lashing
 SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.05 0.12 0.12 0.20
0.10 0.25 0.25 0.44
0.15 0.41 0.41 0.72
0.20 0.59 0.59 0.98
0.25 0.81 0.81 1.3
0.30 1.1 1.1 1.6
0.35 1.4 1.4 1.9
0.40 1.8 1.8 2.2
0.45 2.3 2.3 2.6
0.50 3.0 3.0 3.0
0.55 3.9 3.4 3.4
0.60 5.3 3.8 3.8
0.65 7.7 4.3 4.3
0.70 12 4.8 4.8

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping per top-over lashing

SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
H/B 1 row 2 rows 3 rows 4 rows 5 rows H/L per section per section
0.6 no tip no tip 6.1 3.4 2.6 0.6 44 44
0.8 no tip 8.0 2.9 2.0 1.6 0.8 15 15
1.0 no tip 3.7 1.9 1.4 1.2 1.0 8.9 8.9
1.2 no tip 2.4 1.4 1.1 0.95 1.2 6.3 6.3
1.4 15 1.8 1.1 0.90 0.78 1.4 4.9 4.9
1.6 6.3 1.4 0.95 0.76 0.67 1.6 4.0 4.0
1.8 4.0 1.2 0.81 0.66 0.58 1.8 3.4 3.4
2.0 3.0 1.0 0.71 0.58 0.52 2.0 3.0 3.0
2.2 2.3 0.89 0.63 0.52 0.46 2.2 2.3 2.6
2.4 1.9 0.79 0.57 0.47 0.42 2.4 1.9 2.3
2.6 1.6 0.71 0.51 0.43 0.38 2.6 1.6 2.1
2.8 1.4 0.64 0.47 0.40 0.35 2.8 1.4 1.9
3.0 1.3 0.59 0.43 0.37 0.33 3.0 1.3 1.8

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12.5 WIRE 12.5.2 Half-loop lashings

The tables are valid for steel wire rope ( 16 mm/144 wires)
with an MSL of 91 kN or 9,100 daN – (9,100 kg = 9.1 tonnes) and a
pre-tension of minimum 10 kN or 1,000 daN – (1,000 kg = 1 tonne).
The masses in the tables below are valid for one pair of half-loop
lashings.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
HALF-LOOP LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per pair of half-loop lashing
 SIDEWAYS
0.00 12
0.05 13
0.10 14
0.15 15
0.20 16
0.25 18
0.30 20
0.35 22
0.40 24
0.45 27
0.50 30
0.55 34
0.60 38
0.65 44
0.70 51

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping

per pair of half-loop lashing
SIDEWAYS
H/B 1 row 2 rows 3 rows 4 rows 5 rows
0.6 no tip no tip 32 18 13
0.8 no tip 41 15 10 8.4
1.0 no tip 19 9.9 7.4 6.2
1.2 no tip 13 7.4 5.7 4.9
1.4 77 9.4 5.9 4.7 4.0
1.6 33 7.4 4.9 3.9 3.4
1.8 21 6.2 4.2 3.4 3.0
2.0 15 5.3 3.7 3.0 2.7
2.2 12 4.6 3.3 2.7 2.4
2.4 10 4.1 2.9 2.4 2.2
2.6 8.6 3.7 2.7 2.2 2.0
2.8 7.5 3.3 2.4 2.0 1.8
3.0 6.6 3.1 2.2 1.9 1.7

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12.5 WIRE 12.5.3 Straight lashings

The tables are valid for steel wire rope ( 16 mm/144 wires)
with an MSL of 91 kN or 9,100 daN – (9,100 kg = 9.1 tonnes) and
a pre-tension of minimum 10 kN or 1,000 daN – (1,000 kg =
1 tonne).

All masses are valid for one straight lashing.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
STRAIGHT LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding
per straight lashing
SIDEWAYS per
 FORWARD BACKWARD
side
0.00 2.9 2.9 4.6
0.05 3.4 3.4 5.7
0.10 4.0 4.0 6.9
0.15 4.7 4.7 8.3
0.20 5.4 5.4 9.5
0.25 6.2 6.2 11
0.30 7.2 7.2 12
0.35 8.2 8.2 13
0.40 9.5 9.5 14
0.45 11 11 15
0.50 13 13 16
0.55 15 15 18
0.60 17 17 19
0.65 20 20 21
0.70 23 22 22

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping per straight lashing

SIDEWAYS
H/B H/L FORWARD BACKWARD
per side
0.6 no tip 0.6 93 93
0.8 no tip 0.8 35 35
1.0 no tip 1.0 23 23
1.2 no tip 1.2 18 18
1.4 46 1.4 15 15
1.6 22 1.6 14 14
1.8 15 1.8 12 12
2.0 12 2.0 12 12
2.2 9.8 2.2 9.8 11
2.4 8.6 2.4 8.6 10
2.6 7.7 2.6 7.7 9.9
2.8 7.1 2.8 7.1 9.6
3.0 6.6 3.0 6.6 9.3

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12.5 WIRE 12.5.4 Spring lashings

The tables are valid for steel wire rope ( 16 mm/144 wires)
with an MSL of 91 kN or 9,100 daN – (9,100 kg = 9.1 tonnes)
and a pre-tension of minimum 10 kN or 1,000 daN – (1,000 kg =
1 tonne).

The masses in the tables are valid for one spring lashing.

The values in the tables are proportional to the maximum securing load (MSL) in the
lashings.
SPRING LASHING Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding per
spring lashing

 FORWARD BACKWARD

0.00 16 26
0.05 18 29
0.10 19 33
0.15 21 38
0.20 23 41
0.25 25 43
0.30 28 45
0.35 31 48
0.40 34 50
0.45 38 53
0.50 42 56
0.55 48 58
0.60 54 61
0.65 62 65
0.70 68 68

Cargo mass in tonnes prevented from tipping

per spring lashing
H/L FORWARD BACKWARD
0.6 394 394
0.8 175 175
1.0 131 131
1.2 112 112
1.4 102 102
1.6 95 95
1.8 91 91
2.0 87 87
2.2 76 85
2.4 68 83
2.6 63 81
2.8 59 80
3.0 56 79

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12.6 TAG WASHERS AND NAILS

TAG WASHER

Approximate cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding by one tag washer
for wood on wood in combination with top-over lashing only
SIDEWAYS
\**
 48  62  75  95 3057 4865 130130
BS (ton) 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.2 0.5 0.7 1.5
0.10 0.18 0.25 0.32 0.43 0.18 0.25 0.54
0.20 0.21 0.29 0.38 0.50 0.21 0.29 0.63
0.30 0.25 0.35 0.45 0.60 0.25 0.35 0.75
FORWARD
0.10 0.18 0.25 0.32 0.43 0.18 0.25 0.54
0.20 0.21 0.29 0.38 0.50 0.21 0.29 0.63
0.30 0.25 0.35 0.45 0.60 0.25 0.35 0.75
BACKWARD
0.10 0.31 0.44 0.56 0.75 0.31 0.44 0.94
0.20 0.35 0.49 0.63 0.83 0.35 0.49 1.0
0.30 0.37 0.51 0.66 0.88 0.37 0.51 1.1
\**
Between tag washer and platform bed/cargo.

4 in (100 mm) – NAIL

Approximate cargo mass in tonnes prevented from sliding by one nail
SIDEWAYS FORWARD BACKWARD
\*** per side
blank galvanised blank galvanised blank galvanised
BS (ton) 0.22 0.32 0.22 0.32 0.22 0.32
0.00 0.14 0.20 0.14 0.20 0.22 0.32
0.05 0.15 0.21 0.15 0.21 0.24 0.36
0.10 0.16 0.23 0.16 0.23 0.28 0.40
0.15 0.17 0.25 0.17 0.25 0.30 0.43
0.20 0.18 0.27 0.18 0.27 0.31 0.44
0.25 0.20 0.29 0.20 0.29 0.31 0.46
0.30 0.22 0.32 0.22 0.32 0.32 0.47
0.35 0.24 0.36 0.24 0.36 0.33 0.48
0.40 0.28 0.40 0.28 0.40 0.34 0.50
0.45 0.31 0.46 0.31 0.46 0.35 0.52
0.50 0.37 0.53 0.37 0.53 0.37 0.53
0.55 0.44 0.64 0.38 0.55 0.38 0.55
0.60 0.55 0.80 0.39 0.57 0.39 0.57
0.65 0.73 1.1 0.41 0.59 0.41 0.59
0.70 1.1 1.6 0.42 0.62 0.42 0.62
\***
Between cargo and platform bed.

I:\CIRC\MSC\01\1498.doc
 MariTerm AB
P.O. Box 74
SE-263 21 Höganäs

Phone +46 42 33 31 00

E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.mariterm.se