Materials System Specification

01-SAMSS-039 3 June 2006

Induction and Furnace Hot Pipe Bends
Piping Standards Committee Members
Nasri, Nadhir Ibrahim, Chairman
Dib, Tony George., Vice Chairman
Balhareth, Nasser Mohammad
Khashab, Jaafar M.
Mullen, Marshall Anson
Bannai, Nabeel Saad
Qahtani, Khalid Daifallah
Rumaih, Abdullah Mohammad
Kim, Steve Un
Holland, Brad John
Dossary, Mohammad Battal
Fadley, Gary Lowell
Otaibi, Bander Abdulaziz
Ramadan, Mousa Sadiq
Teraiki, Abdullah Mohammad
Phan, Howard Cong
Lewis, Trevor
Mahmoud, Khalid Ahmed

Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards

Table of Contents

1 Scope............................................................. 2
2 Conflicts and Deviations................................ 2
3 References.................................................... 2
4 Definitions...................................................... 4
5 Purchase Order Information.......................... 4
6 Qualification of Manufacturer......................... 5
7 Material Requirements................................... 5
8 Design Requirements.................................... 6
9 Requirements for Fabrication........................ 7
10 Inspection and Testing................................... 9
11 Product Marking........................................... 10
12 Preparation for Shipment............................ 10

Appendix A – Qualification of Manufacturers..... 12

Appendix B – Typical 5-D Pipe Bend................. 14

Previous Issue: 30 April 2005 Next Planned Update: 1 May 2010

Revised paragraphs are indicated in the right margin Page 1 of 14
Primary contact: Nasri, Nadhir Ibrahim on 966-3-8734525
Copyright©Saudi Aramco 2005. All rights reserved.
Document Responsibility: Piping 01-SAMSS-039
Issue Date: 3 June 2006
Next Planned Update: 1 May 2010 Induction and Furnace Hot Pipe Bends

1 Scope

1.1 This specification covers shop fabricated pipe hot bends including induction and
furnace pipe bends.

1.2 This specification covers pipe bends with a radius equals to 5 times the
diameter, S-shape and 3-dimensional pipe bends.

This specification is also applicable for pipe bends with a radius equals to 3
times the diameter intended for use on scrapable pipelines applications.

1.3 The governing Codes are ASME B31.4 or ASME B31.8 unless otherwise
specified differently in the Purchase Order such as ASME B31.1 or ASME
B31.3.

1.4 Excluded from this specification are:

a) Cold bends used in cross-country pipeline construction which are
fabricated at the field or the yards.
b) Standard elbows 1.5-D and lower which are manufactured in accordance
with industry standard such as elbows per ASME 16.28.

2 Conflicts and Deviations

2.1 Any conflicts between this specification and other applicable Saudi Aramco
Materials System Specifications (SAMSSs), Engineering Standards (SAESs),
Standard Drawings (SASDs), or industry standards, codes, and forms shall be
resolved in writing by the Company or Buyer Representative through the
Manager, Consulting Services Department of Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.

2.2 Direct all requests to deviate from this specification in writing to the Company or
Buyer Representative, who shall follow internal company procedure SAEP-302
and forward such requests to the Manager, Consulting Services Department of
Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.

3 References

The selection of material and equipment, and the design, construction, maintenance, and
repair of equipment and facilities covered by this standard shall comply with the latest
edition of the references listed below, unless otherwise noted.

3.1 Saudi Aramco References

Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedure

SAEP-302 Instructions for Obtaining a Waiver of a

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Document Responsibility: Piping 01-SAMSS-039
Issue Date: 3 June 2006
Next Planned Update: 1 May 2010 Induction and Furnace Hot Pipe Bends

Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering

Requirement

Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards

SAES-A-301 Materials Resistant to Sulfide Stress Corrosion
Cracking
SAES-L-101 Regulated Vendors List for Pipes and Fittings

Saudi Aramco Materials System Specifications

01-SAMSS-016 Qualification of Pipeline and Pressure Vessel
Steels for Resistance to Hydrogen-Induced
Cracking
01-SAMSS-035 API Line Pipe
01-SAMSS-038 Small Direct Charge Purchase of In-Plant Pipe
01-SAMSS-332 High Frequency Welded Pipe, Class B
01-SAMSS-333 High Frequency Welded Pipe, Class C

Saudi Aramco Inspection Requirements

Form 175-013100 Fabricated Carbon Steel Piping

3.2 Industry Codes and Standards

American Petroleum Institute

API SPEC 5L Specification for Line Pipe

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASME B31.1 Power Piping
ASME B31.3 Process Piping
ASME B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid
Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids
ASME B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping
Systems
ASME SEC V Nondestructive Examination

Manufacturers Standardization Society

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Document Responsibility: Piping 01-SAMSS-039
Issue Date: 3 June 2006
Next Planned Update: 1 May 2010 Induction and Furnace Hot Pipe Bends

4 Definitions

The attached sketch in Appendix-B should be referenced to correlate the definitions

with the geometry.

Arc: the curved portion of a bend.

Bend Radius: distance from the center of curvature to the centerline axis of the tube or
pipe.

Chord: straight distance between the centerline points of any two points of a bend.

Degree of Bend: angle in degrees to which the bend is formed.

Extrados: the outside arc of the bend.

Intrados: the inside arc of the bend.

Minimum Tangent: the minimum length of straight pipe on the end of a bend required
by the bending machine to form the bend.

Ovality: the distortion or flattening of tube or pipe from its normal round shape caused
by the bending process.

Tangent: the straight portion of material on either side of the arc of bend.

Tangent Point: the point at which the bend starts or ends.

Transition Zone: the area, at the tangent points of a bend, that covers the change
(transition) from unheated to heated material.

Wall Thickness: the thickness of tubular material.

Wrinkles: folds, creases, or waving formed on the inner radius of a bend during the
bending process.

5 Purchase Order Information

The Purchase Order shall include the following:

a) The following pipe-bend basic geometrical and other data shall be provided in
either or both forms: narrative format or a drawing:
• Outside diameter
• Nominal pipe bend wall thickness
• Minimum wall thickness

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Document Responsibility: Piping 01-SAMSS-039
Issue Date: 3 June 2006
Next Planned Update: 1 May 2010 Induction and Furnace Hot Pipe Bends

• Pipe-bend radius, angle and spool length for 5-D pipe bends or detailed
drawing for more complicated geometries such as an S-shape pipe bend
• Minimum I.D. dimension, if required to permit passage of instrumented
scraper or maintenance scraper
• Material (carbon steel, low alloy, etc.) and its grade
• Pipe type (seamless, ERW or DSAW straight seam)
• Design condition where this bend be operating under such as service, pressure
and temperature, etc.
b) The applicable code (ASME B31.1, B31.3, B31.4, or B31.8).
c) Materials to be supplied by the Buyer to the Vendor, if any.
d) Materials to be supplied by the Vendor.
e) Design condition where this bend be operating under such as service, pressure and
temperature etc
f) Impact testing requirements.
g) Surface preparation and paint or coating requirements.
h) Inspection requirements - Form 175-013100 plus any additional requirements.
i) Non-material Requirements (NMR) form for fabricated pipe bend(s) if applicable.

6 Qualification of Manufacturer

6.1 Manufacturer supplying hot bends to Saudi Aramco shall be pre-qualified and
approved per SAES-L-101.

6.2 The manufacturer shall be able to demonstrate his capabilities to produce the hot
bend in the purchase requisition as outline in Appendix-A prior to accepting the
purchase order.

7 Material Requirements

7.1 The pipe that will be used for hot bends could be supplied either by Saudi
Aramco or the Manufacturer. This shall be declared in the purchase order or in
the bid qualification submitted by the manufacturer.
Commentary Note:

It is desirable that the pipe bend is made from the same pipe procured for
installation except for spiral welded pipe.

7.2 The pipe shall be suitable for the intended service of the piping system.

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Document Responsibility: Piping 01-SAMSS-039
Issue Date: 3 June 2006
Next Planned Update: 1 May 2010 Induction and Furnace Hot Pipe Bends

7.3 The pipe shall be traceable to mill certificates. Used or reclaimed pipes or of
unknown specification are not acceptable.

7.4 All pipes used for hot bends shall conform to the following limitations:

7.4.1 Unless otherwise specified in the Purchase Order, the allowable pipe
materials are:

1) API SPEC 5L Grade B through X65, either seamless or single

straight seam submerged arc welded pipe, conforming to 01-
SAMSS-035 or 01-SAMSS-038.

2) ASTM A106 Grade B. For all sizes, the material shall meet the
composition (including carbon equivalent) and hardness
requirements specified in 01-SAMSS-035 or 01-SAMSS-038.

3) ERW pipe shall meet the requirements of 01-SAMSS-332 or

01-SAMSS-333 where the matching piping system is made of
ERW line pipe. Prior to placing the order, approval shall be
obtained from both the Chairman of Material & Corrosion Control
Standard Committee and the Chairman of the Piping Standards
Committee.
Commentary Note:

For stocking purposes, Saudi Aramco Material System

standardizes on two grades of carbon steel pipe materials as
follows: ASTM A106 or API SPEC 5L grade B and API SPEC 5L
grade X60. It is desirable to fabricate piping systems with these
materials to match the materials of the overall piping systems.

7.4.2 For wet sour service, welded pipe shall conform to 01-SAMSS-016 or
seamless pipe shall be used.

7.4.3 Pipe containing circumferential butt welds shall not be used to make
bends. However, circumferential butt welds are permitted to join
compound bends which were specified without a sufficient tangent
between the two bends.

8 Design Requirements

Drawings

8.1 The Vendor shall prepare the detailed shop fabrication drawings based on the
Purchase Order drawings, if needed. The shop drawings shall be submitted to
the Buyer for approval prior to fabrication when so specified in the Purchase
Order.

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Next Planned Update: 1 May 2010 Induction and Furnace Hot Pipe Bends

8.2 Approval of Vendor's drawings by the Buyer does not relieve the Vendor of the
responsibility for compliance with the code, this specification and the Purchase
Order requirements.

9 Requirements for Fabrication

9.1 Dimensional Requirements

9.1.1 Unless otherwise specified in the Purchase Order or shown on the

drawings provided with the purchase order, the centerline radius of pipe
bends shall not be less than five times the nominal pipe diameter (5D
bends).

9.1.2 The difference between the largest and the smallest diameter (ovality) of
the cross-section of a bend shall not exceed 5% of the nominal pipe
diameter at any point in the bend body and shall not exceed 3% of the
nominal pipe diameter at the ends.

9.1.3 When bends are supplied with welding ends for field welding, a straight
tangent of not less than one and one-half nominal pipe diameter or two
feet, whichever is less, shall be provided at each end. (1.5D tangents are
typical).

9.1.4 When a minimum I.D. dimension is specified by the Purchase Order, the
pipe spool shall be checked by the Vendor by passing a gauging scraper
through the finished spool. The diameter of the gauging scraper shall be
equal to 95% of the I.D. dimension specified and the length shall be
approximately one-half of the diameter.

9.1.5 Pipe bends shall be checked and corrected after heat treatment to assure
proper alignment and correct centerline dimensions.

9.1.6 The minimum wall thickness after bending at no point shall not be less
than the minimum allowable wall thickness of the pipe as specified in the
Purchase Order. Also, wall thickness reduction shall not be more than
12.5% of the nominal wall thickness for 3-D bends and shall not be more
than 10% for 5-D bends and larger.

9.2 Bends Workmanship

Bends shall be completely free of buckles, dents, cracks, wrinkles, other

mechanical damage, or indentations such as caused by the grips of the bending
machine. A wrinkle is cause for rejection and is defined as a deviation of the
pipe wall from the ideal contour of more than 15% of the nominal wall thickness

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Document Responsibility: Piping 01-SAMSS-039
Issue Date: 3 June 2006
Next Planned Update: 1 May 2010 Induction and Furnace Hot Pipe Bends

perpendicular to the surface. The dimension of a flat spot shall not exceed the
value given by the following formula:

d= ( 2tD) (1)
where:
d : largest dimension of the flat spot
t : nominal wall thickness
D : nominal pipe diameter

9.3 Furnace Hot Bends and Induction Bends - General

9.3.1 Vendors shall submit a technical description of their bending process

with their quotations. After the Purchase Order is issued, but before
production begins, the Vendor shall submit for approval by Saudi
Aramco Consulting Services Department:
a. Written bending procedure specifications addressing the bend
dimensions, the essential variables listed in paragraph 7.1, and
other relevant information.
b. Original material test reports for pipe to be used.
c. Records of bending procedure qualification tests, if required.

9.3.2 Bends for low temperature service (minimum design temperature below
-18°C) shall meet the requirements of ASTM-671 class 22, including
Charpy impact testing. Samples from both the bend and tangent areas
shall be tested unless the tangents and bend area were subjected to the
same thermal process during induction bending, in which case the
samples (base metal, heat-affected zone and weld metal) for one bend
can come from a ring cut from any one location, i.e. bent or tangent.

9.3.3 Each bend shall have hardness measurements made at the middle of the
outer radius of the bend area, at each tangent, and each bend-to-tangent
transition. Maximum allowable hardness is 237 Brinell (22 HRC). For
this production quality control, portable hardness testers are acceptable.
(Equotip hardness tester may be used only on material with a wall
thickness greater than 12.7 mm).

9.3.4 The pipe and bends shall not contact copper-based material at any time
during, or prior to, the bending process.

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Next Planned Update: 1 May 2010 Induction and Furnace Hot Pipe Bends

9.3.5 Weld seams shall be oriented 90º ± 15º from the inner arc of the bend.
Seamless pipe shall have the thickest part of the wall oriented to the
outside of the bend.

9.3.6 Wall thickness shall be ultrasonically determined every 61 cm along the

outer radius of the entire pipe bend and shall meet requirement of
paragraph 9.1.6.

9.4 Furnace Hot Bends

9.4.1 Furnace hot bends shall only be used for Grade B pipe.

9.4.2 Furnace hot bends shall be made at 871°C to 954°C, but may be finished
below 871°C provided the bend is started above 871°C. The pipe shall
not be heated above 954°C prior to the start of bending. After bending,
the bend shall be cooled in still air.

9.5 Induction Bends

9.5.1 The pipe shall be fed through the induction coil at a constant speed,
controlled to ± 20% of the travel speed specified in the bending
procedure for the material and configuration.

9.5.2 Welding is permitted to attach a push tangent (a straight pipe segment

attached temporarily to push the pipe through the entire bending arc if
the specified tangent is not long enough). In such case, at least 6.5 mm
of the welded end shall be subsequently machined off.

9.5.3 All induction bends shall be furnace tempered at a minimum of 621°C

for one hour per 25.4 mm of wall thickness, but as a minimum for not
less than one hour.

9.6 Ends Preparation for Field Welding

9.6.1 The ends of pipe and pipe spools to be joined by girth welds during field
installation, shall be prepared and matched to facilitate fit-up in the field.
Exception to this requirement is indicated in the drawing where extra
length is to be cut back in the field for adjustment. Corresponding
welding ends shall be clearly marked.

9.6.2 All welding ends shall be beveled with an angle of 35 degrees, plus or
minus 5 degrees, and a root face of 1.6 mm + 0.8. The bevels shall be
either machine-cut bevels or smooth, clean, slag-free flame cut. The end
plane shall be normal to the pipe axis as defined on the piping drawing,
within 0.25 degrees.

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Document Responsibility: Piping 01-SAMSS-039
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Next Planned Update: 1 May 2010 Induction and Furnace Hot Pipe Bends

10 Inspection and Testing

10.1 All inspection and testing shall be performed as per Saudi Aramco Inspection
Requirements Form 175-013100.

10.2 Notification

The Vendor shall give reasonable advance notice in writing to the Buyer
regarding the dates that fabrication will start and tests will be made.

10.3 All materials, certificates, fabrication, testing and examinations shall be subject
to verification by Buyer's Inspector in accordance with the applicable ASME
Code specified in the purchase order for full compliance with this Specification
and the Purchase Order drawings and other requirements.

10.4 Inspection shall be carried out at the place of manufacture. All NDT tests shall
be conducted in accordance with ASME section V.

10.5 Hydrostatic Tests

Hydrotesting is not required unless it is specified in the purchase order.

11 Product Marking

Pipe bends shall be marked by paint stenciling with the following additional
information:
a) Vendor name or trademark
b) Outside diameter and nominal wall thickness
c) Material grade per API SPEC 5L or ASTM
d) Bend angle and radius
e) Point of tangency, both ends
f) Tempering heat treatment verification
g) Sour service or non-sour service

12 Preparation for Shipment

12.1 Cleaning

All loose foreign material shall be removed from the inside and outside of the
bend. The bend shall be clean and dry.

12.2 Painting

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Next Planned Update: 1 May 2010 Induction and Furnace Hot Pipe Bends

Unless otherwise specified in the Purchase Order the pipe bend shall not be
painted or coated.

12.3 Protection

Welding ends shall be protected against damage during handling and shipment
by means of a securely fastened bevel protector.

Revision Summary
30 April 2005 This is a new document to supersede Appendix-A of the current 01-SAMSS-010.
3 June 2006 Minor revision.

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Document Responsibility: Piping 01-SAMSS-039
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Next Planned Update: 1 May 2010 Induction and Furnace Hot Pipe Bends

Appendix A – Qualification of Manufacturers

A-1 Appendix Scope

A-1.1 This appendix is applicable in the initial process to approve a manufacturer for
being able to supply Saudi Aramco with furnace or induction hot pipe bends.
The manufacturer will be approved for the range of parameters per section A-2
of this appendix.

A-1.2 An approved manufacturer shall be re-qualified if the initial range of

parameters that he has been approved for are violated. Subject to the approval
of the Chairman of the Piping Standards Committee, this requirement could be
deleted if the manufacturer has demonstrate his capabilities through successful
supplies to Saudi Aramco for the range he was approved for.

A-1.3 This appendix is also applicable to re-qualify an approved manufacturer if

requested by the Company Buyer or if the manufacturer has not supplied
Saudi Aramco with induction or furnace hot pipe bends for period between
two consecutive surveys.

A-2 Manufacturer seeking approval for his bending procedure shall demonstrate his
capabilities for the targeted range as detailed Table A-1.

Table A-1: Qualification Range for Induction and Furnace Hot Pipe Bends
Qualification Range Required Test Pipe Bends
Thickness
Size Range Inches Material Grade Size inches Pipe Grade
minimum
2 to 14 Grade B to X-52 10" or larger 0.375 B or X-52
2 to 14 Grade X60 to X-70 10" or larger 0.375 X-60 or X-70
16 to 28 Grade B to X-52 24" or larger 0.375 X-52
16 to 28 Grade X-60 to X-70 24" or larger 0.375 X-60 or X-70
30 and larger Grade B to X-52 36" or larger 0.5 B or X-52
30 and larger Grade X-60 to X-70 36" or larger 0.5 X-60 or X-70

A-3 In addition to the limitations over the production range detailed in Table A-1, a bending
procedure shall be re-qualified by the above tests when a change exceeds the limits
indicated for any of the following essential variables:
a. Material grade or size outside the range in Table A-1.
b. Carbon equivalent + 0.04.

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Next Planned Update: 1 May 2010 Induction and Furnace Hot Pipe Bends

c. Pipe process of manufacture (seamless or SAW).

d. Bending temperature ± 50°C.
e. Bending speed + 5 mm/min (0.2 IPM) / -12.7 mm/min (0.5 IPM).
f. Cooling type (air, water, inside, outside).
g. Cooling medium flow rate ± 20%.
h. Wall thickness + 3 mm - 6 mm.
i. Bend radius, R/D (Lower R/D qualifies higher, i.e., 3D qualifies 3D, 5D, 7D, etc.)
k. Heat treatment - minimum temperature ± 38°C.

A-4 Bending procedures for all pipe grades shall be qualified by the following mechanical
tests:
a. Tensile tests per API SPEC 5L of specimens from the middle of the bend area,
one of the bend-to-tangent transition zones, and one unbent tangent.
b. Weld tensile tests per API SPEC 5L from the middle of the bend area, one of the
bend-to-tangent transition zones, and one unbent tangent.
c. Charpy V-notch impact tests per API SPEC 5L-SR5A-32F of 3 specimens from
each of the following areas:
1) Base metal in the bend area,
2) Weld area at middle of bend, and
3) Weld area at one bend-to-tangent transition zone.
d. Hardness tests (22 HRC max.) on outside radius of bend area and one unbent
tangent. Hardness tests may also be done by Vickers (250 VHN max.) or Knoop
micro-hardness (250 KHN max.). Brinell and Equotip measurements are not
acceptable for bending procedure qualification.

A-5 Pipe bend shall be subject to and pass a pressure test producing hoop stress equals to
90% SMYS for 10 minutes. The hoop stress is based on bend nominal wall thickness.

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Document Responsibility: Piping 01-SAMSS-039
Issue Date: 3 June 2006
Next Planned Update: 1 May 2010 Induction and Furnace Hot Pipe Bends

Appendix B – Typical 5-D Pipe Bend

This sketch is provided to identify terminologies used in the purchase order requisition.

Sketch -1 : Typical 5-D Pipe Bend

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