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Servlet

The document discusses building a simple web application using servlets, including connecting to a database using JDBC, creating a login servlet that authenticates users and redirects them to search or error pages, and implementing the servlet life cycle with requests and responses between the client browser and web server. It provides an overview of components like HTML, servlets, JDBC drivers, and the database that are needed to build the interactive web application.

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Tấn VTr
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
92 views

Servlet

The document discusses building a simple web application using servlets, including connecting to a database using JDBC, creating a login servlet that authenticates users and redirects them to search or error pages, and implementing the servlet life cycle with requests and responses between the client browser and web server. It provides an overview of components like HTML, servlets, JDBC drivers, and the database that are needed to build the interactive web application.

Uploaded by

Tấn VTr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Servlet Model

HTTP Methods
Form Parameters
Requests
Responses
Servlet Life Cycle
Review
• How to connect DB using JDBC API
– Required
• RDBMS: SQL Server
• Driver Connection: sqljdbc4.jar
– Steps
• Load Driver
– using Class.forName method
– Driver string: com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver
– Exception: ClassNotFoundException
• Create connection String
– protocol:server://ip:port;databaseName=DB[;instanceName=Instance]
• Open connection
– Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, “user", “pass");
– Exception: SQLException
Review
• How to connect DB using JDBC API
– Implementation
Objectives
• How to build the simple web site combining html
and servlet?
– Http Protocol and Methods
– What is Servlet?
– Parameters vs. Variables
– Servlet Life Cycle
– Break down structure component in building web
application
Objectives
Day 1, 2, 3 – Login
Servlet

Day 4, 5 – Search
Break Down

Day 6, 7 – MVC2
JSP
Web Day 8, 9, 10 – CUD, Shopping Carts
Sessions
Web based
App - PBL Day 11, 12 – Login
Framework
JavaBeans

Day 13, 14, 15 – CRUD


MVC 2 Complete - JSTL - Taglib

Day 16, 17 – Filter


Filter Chain
Build The Simple Web
Requirements
• Building the web application can do some
following functions as
– The user must be authenticated before they want to
use this web site using the DB
– If the user is invalid, the message “Invalid username
and password” is presented, then the link “Click here
to try again” is shown that redirect the user to the
login page
– Otherwise, the search page is redirected.
– The GUI of web application is present as following
Build The Simple Web
Expectation
Build The Simple Web
Expectation

HTML

Servlet

DB Connection Lib

JDBC Driver
Build The Simple Web
Interactive Server Model
2. Send request

Web/App Servlet
Server
1. Click Login 3. Check Login
5. Response the
result page
DAO

4. Query DB
6. Browser
displays
Welcome page/
invalid page DB

Client Server
Build The Simple Web
Abstraction
Web Server
Container
1. Send request C 2. Call
3. Query
5. Response DAO DB
4. Render/Send
6. Display V
Build The Simple Web
How to Create Web Application Project
• Requirement tools: NetBeans IDE 7.4/8.0.2/8.1
• Create a new Web application project
– Using Tomcat Server
– JavaEE 5
– Uncheck Deploy on Save
HTML Introduction
What is HTML?
• HTML is a presentation language for describing
web pages.
– HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
– HTML is not a programming language, it is a
markup language
– A markup language is a set of markup tags
– HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages
• HTML Documents = Web Pages
– HTML documents describe web pages
– HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
– HTML documents are also called web pages
HTML Introduction
HTML Tags
• HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
– HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets, that
begin “<” and finish with “>”, like <html>
– HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
• The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
• Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags.
• Web Browser
– The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer, or Firefox,
etc) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages.
– The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to
interpret the content of the page
HTML Introduction
Example
Form Parameters
HTML Form
• A form is defined on a web page starting with the opening
tag <form> and ending with closing tag </form>
• Syntax: <form action=“target” [method=“HTTP method”]>
– action attribute presents value that contains some target
resource in the web application (e.g. Servlet or JSP)
– method attribute denotes the HTTP method to execute. The
default is to execute HTTP GET when the form is submitted
– Notes: the action parameter obeys the rules
• action=“targetServlet”: the browser will assume that targetServlet resides
in the same place the default page as index.jsp or index.html
• action=“/targetServlet”: the browser will asume the the path at the root
location for specified host (http://host:port).
– Ex: http://localhost:8086/targetServlet
• action=“target?queryString”:the request send the data in queryString to
the URL
Form Parameters
Input Tag
• Is used to input data
• Syntax: <input type=“…” [value=“…” name=“…”] />
– type attribute
• Dedicates to holding a single line of text (text).
– The size attribute specifies the width of text field in characters
– The maxlength attribute controls the maximum number of characters that a user can type
into the text field
• A browser should mask the character typed in by the user (password)
• Being a hidden field – is invisible (hidden)
• Put one or more small boxes that can be clicked to tick or check the
corresponding value denote (checkbox)
– checked=“checked” sets up the checkbox as already selected
• The choice made is mutual exclusive (radio)
– The name attribute is crucial to tying together a group of radio buttons
• Send the form data to the URL designated by the action attribute (submit)
• A request to the client browser to reset all the values within the form
(reset)
• Defining the “custom button” which is connected to some soft of script
(button)
– name attribute supplies the parameter name
Form Parameters
Select & Text Area Tag
• HTML Forms – select tag
– Sets up a list of values to choose (combo box or pop-up menu, or list box)
– Syntax: <select name=“…” [size=“…” multiple] >
<option value=“…” [selected]>…</option>
…
</select>
• option tag
– The user-visible text goes between opening and closing option tag
– The value attribute passes the value in the parameter
• multiple attribute presents the control that can choose more than one
• HTML Forms – textarea tag
– Presents multiple line of text
– Syntax: <textarea name=“…” rows=“…” cols=“…”>
…
</textarea>
• The text value put in opening and closing tag is passed as the parameter value to
server
• rows present the number of visible lines
• cols present the number of characters to displayed across the width of the area
Form Parameters
Examples
Form Parameters
Examples
Build The Simple Web
Views
Build The Simple Web
Interactive Server Model
2. Send request

Web/App Servlet
Server
1. Click Login
3. Check Login
5. Response the
result page
DAO

4. Query DB
6. Browser
displays
Welcome page/
DB
invalid page
Client Server
HTTP Protocols
Overview
1. Convert http://microsoft.com/ to 192.168.54.3:80

Connect
2. Send a request to Web Server (index.html)
4. The result is responsed to Browser

http://microsoft.com/index.html
192.168.54.3:80
5. Web Browser views 3. Web Server
the result which processes a request
contains a markup (connecting DB,
language calculating, call
• Request – Response pairs service …)

• Stateless
• Port 80 is default
HTTP Protocols
HTTP Requests

A carriage return/ line feed


HTTP Protocols
HTTP Requests
•The HTTP method
•A pointer to the resource requested, in the form of a URI
•The version of HTTP protocol
•Ex: GET /index.html HTTP/1.1

A carriage return/ line feed


HTTP Protocols
HTTP Requests

•Return the User-Agent (the browser) along


A carriage return/with the Accept header
line feed

in the form name:value (provides information on what media types


the client can accept)
•Ex: User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible: MSIE 4.0 : Windows 95)
Accept : image/gif, image/jpeg, text/*, */*
HTTP Protocols
HTTP Requests

A carriage return/ line feed

•Contain pretty much any thing (a set of parameters and values, an


image file intending to upload)
HTTP Protocols
HTTP Requests – Example
HTTP Protocols
HTTP Requests – Example
The Servlet Model
1. Input and
Request Objects
click button/link
3. Send request 4. Dispatch to Servlet/Web Container
Containter
Web/App 5. Container
Server Request
2. Generate the Object
create Req Obj
Request msg 10. Send response
6. Send
Response
Object
Resources
9. Create 8. Set Val
OS Response Msg
7.retrieve
data (if any)

DB

Client Server
HTTP Protocols
HTTP Responses

Blank line
HTTP Protocols
HTTP Responses
• Indicates status of request process (HTTP version,
response code, status)
• Ex: HTTP/1.1 200 OK

•Server. Ex:
BlankServer:
line JavaWebServer
•Last modified date.
• Ex: Last-modified: Tuesday, 24-Mar-09 8:30:34 GMT
•Content length. Ex: Content-length: 100
•Content type. Ex: Content-type: text/plain
HTTP Protocols
HTTP Responses – Example
HTTP Protocols
HTTP Responses – Example
HTTP Protocols
Some commonly Status codes
Code Associated Message Meaning

- Server will comply with Upgrade header and


101 Switching Protocols
change to different protocol. (New in HTTP 1.1)
- Everything is fine; document follow
200 OK
- Default for servlets
- Server created a document
201 Created
- The Location header indicates its URL
- Document is being returned normally, but some of
Non-Authoritative
203 the response headers might be incorrect since a
Information
document copy is being used.
204 No Content - Browser should keep displaying previous document
- Document is moved to a separate location as
mentioned in the URL.
301 MovedPermanently
- The page is redirected to the mentioned URL, to
find the document
- Temporary replacement of file from one location to
302 Found
the other as specified
HTTP Protocols
Some commonly Status codes
Status code Associated Message Meaning

400 Bad Request - The request placed is syntactically incorrect


- Authorization not given to access a password
401 Unauthorized
protected page
- Authentication but authorization not given to
403 Permission denied
access protected resource
404 Not Found - Resource not found in the specified address
- Time taken by client is very long to send the
408 Request Timeout
request (only available in HTTP 1.1)
- Server is unable to locate the requested file. The
500 Internal Server Error servlet has been deleted or crashed or had been
moved to a new location with out informing
- Indicates that the HTTP server is temporarily
503
overloaded, and unable to handle the request

… … -…
HTTP Protocols
• GET HTTP Methods – Basic
– Is the method commonly used to request a resource/ get
information (access static resource such as HTML doc and
images or retrieve dynamic information such as query parameters)
from server
– The restricted length of query string, that is introduced by the
question mark “?”
– Is trigger by
• Typing into the address line of the browser and pressing GO
• Clicking on a link in a web page
• Pressing the submit button in an HTML form with GET method
• POST
– Sends data of unlimited length to the web server.
– Is the method commonly used for passing user input/ sending
information to the server (access dynamic resources and enable
secure data in HTTP request because the request parameters are
passed in the body of request)
– No limit and cannot be booked mark or emailed
HTTP Protocols
HTTP Methods – Extends
• HEAD
– Returns the headers identified by the request URL.
– Is identical to the GET method but it doesn’t return a message body
– Is an economical way of checking that a resource is valid and accessible
• OPTIONS
– Returns the HTTP methods the server supports.
• PUT
– Requests the server to store the data enclosed in the HTTP message body at a
location provided in the request URL.
• DELETE
– Requests the server to delete the resource identified by the request URL.
• TRACE
– Is used for debugging and testing the request sent to the server. It is useful
when the request sent to the server reaches through the proxies.
• Idempotency and Safety
– GET, TRACE, OPTIONS, and HEAD
Build The Simple Web
Interactive Server Model
2. Send request

Web/App Servlet
Server
1. Click Login
3. Check Login
5. Response the
result page
DAO

4. Query DB
6. Browser
displays
Welcome page/
invalid page DB

Client Server
The Servlet Model
Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
• A small program (*.exe) is written
in languages such as C/C++, Perl,
... for the gateway programs.
• Used in complex applications, such
as Web pages
• A set of standards followed to
interface applications form client
side to a Web Server
• Enables the Web server to send
information to other files and Web
browsers
• Helps to process the inputs to the
form on the Web page
• Enables to obtain information and
use it on the server machine (server
side)
• When the Browser sends request
to server, CGI instantaties to
receive and process.
The Servlet Model
Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
• Disadvantages
– Reduced efficiency
The Servlet Model
Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
• Disadvantages
– Reduced efficiency
– Reloading Perl interpreter
• The widely accepted platform for writing CGI script is Perl.
Each time the server receives are quest, the Perl interpreter
needs to be reloaded.
– Interactive: not suitable for graphical or highly
interactive programs
– Time consuming and more memory consumed
– Debugging: error detection is difficult
– Not support Session
The Servlet Model
Servlets
• Are Java classes that dynamically process HTTP requests and construct
responses
• Are Java codes that are used to add dynamic content to Web server.
• There is only a single instance of Servlet created on the Web server.
• To service multiple clients’ request, the Web server creates multiple threads
for the same Servlet instance (Overcome CGI’s consumed more memory)
• Gets auto refreshed on receiving a request each time
• A Servlet’s initializing code is used only for initializing in the 1st time
• Merits
– Enhanced efficiency (initializing only once, auto refresh)
– Ease to use (using Java combining HTML)
– Powerful (using Java)
– Portable
– Safe and cheap
• Demerits
– Low-level HTML documentation (Static well-formed-ness is not maintained)
– Unclear-session management (flow of control within the codes is very unclear)
The Servlet Model
Servlets

• How to server detecting the servlets


(difference from Java class), then,
initializing in the 1st time?
–Web deployment descriptors (web.xml)
–Annotations
The Servlet Model
The Deployment Descriptor
• The Web Deployment Descriptor file describes all of Web
components
• It is an XML file. Given that the name is web.xml.
The Servlet Model
The Deployment Descriptor – web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<servlet> Servlets Declaration is same as package.classname servlet_name;
<servlet-name>servlet name</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>package.classname</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping> Define the access path to the servlet;
<servlet-name>servlet name</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/context Path/root</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<session-config>
<session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
</session-config>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>default page to show</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list></web-app>
The Servlet Model
The Deployment Descriptor – Example
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.sample.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/HelloServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<session-config>
<session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
</session-config>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>HelloServlet</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list></web-app>
The Servlet Model
The Deployment Descriptor – Example

2. Send Request

3. Dispatch to Application

1. User types url 4. Find web.xml

6. Access the servlet instance

5. Look up the servlet class from mapping to


find the servlet instance web.xml
The Servlet Model
Annotations
• Are one of the major advancement from Java EE 5.0 that makes the
standard web.xml deployment descriptors files optional
– To avoid writing such kind of unnecessary codes, annotations are used
• Can be defined as metadata information that can be attached to an
element within the code to characterize it
– Simplifies the developer’s work to a great extent by significantly reducing the
amount of code to be written by moving the metadata information into the
source code itself
• Are never executed and processed when the code containing it are
compiled or interpreted by compilers, deployment tools, and so on
• An annotation type takes an ‘at (@)’ sign, followed by the interface
keyword and the annotation name
The Servlet Model
Annotations – Guidelines
• Some rules and guidelines should be followed whenever using
annotations
– A field or a method can be assigned any access qualifier
– A field or method cannot be static. However, the fields or methods of the
main class that have been annotated for injection must be static
– Resource annotation can be specified in any of the classes or their
super-classes
– Any violation of these rules will generate an error that will result in
logging of message or messages
The Servlet Model
Annotations – Servlets
• The javax.servlet.annotation package provides annotations to
declare Servlets by specifying metadata information in the Servlet
class

Figure 4.9: Servlet with Annotations, Web Component Development Using Java, Aptech
World Wide
The Servlet Model
Annotations – Servlets
• WebServlet
– Is used to provide the mapping information of the Servlet.
– Is processed by the servlet container at the time of the deployment.

Attributes Descriptions
name Specifies the Servlet name. This attribute is optional.
An array of url patterns use for accessing the Servlet,
urlPatterns this attribute is required and should register one url
pattern
An array of @WebInitParam, that can be used to pass
initParams servlet configuration parameters. This attribute is
optional.

…
The Servlet Model
Servlets

1. Send Request Web


Browser Internet HTTP Protocol Server
2. Choose Servlet Instance
Client 4. Response
ServletContainer

Servlets

3. Query (if any)

Database
The Servlet Model
Architecture of the Servlet packages
• The javax.servlet package provides interfaces and classes for writing
servlets
• The important interface is javax.servlet.Servlet
• When a servlet accepts a call from a client, it receives two objects:
• ServletRequest, which encapsulates the communication from the client to the
server.
• ServletResponse, which encapsulates the communication from the servlet to the
client.
The Servlet Model
GenericServlet class
• Defines a servlet that is not protocol dependent
• Implements the Servlet, the ServletConfig, and the
java.io.Serializable interfaces
• Retrieves the configuration information by implementing the
ServletObject
• Some methods
Methods Descriptions
- public void init() throws ServletException
init
- Initializes the servlet
Servlet - public abstract void service(ServletRequest req,
Life ServletResponse res) throws ServletException,
service Cycle
IOException
defined - Called by the container to respond to a servlet request
in Generic
destroy - public void destroy(): cleaning the servlet
The Servlet Model
The Servlet Life Cycle
5. first to nth req
Uninstantiated Instantiation Initialization meet request Meet multi request

1. begin to 2. deploying
deploy
success
init() success
service()
4. first req
3. deployed failure
Detroy received request and using
thread

failure Unload destroy 6. undeploy,


Unavailable server is
destroy() crashed,
unload
servlet

The life cycle is defined by


• init() – called only one by the server in the first request
• service() – process the client’s request, dispatch to doXXX() methods
• destroy() – called after all requests have been processed or a server-
specific number of seconds have passed
The Servlet Model
The Servlet Life Cycle – Example
The Servlet Model
The Servlet Life Cycle – Example
The Servlet Model
The Servlet Life Cycle – Example
The Servlet Model
The Servlet Life Cycle – Example
The Servlet Model
The Servlet Life Cycle – Example
The Servlet Model
The Servlet Life Cycle – Example
• Addition the destroy method (comment service method)

• Execute project again, then undeploy or clean and Build the


current project on Tomcat Server
Build The Simple Web
Interactive Server Model
2. Send request

Web/App Servlet
Server
1. Click Login
3. Check Login
5. Response the
result page
DAO

4. Query DB
6. Browser
displays
Welcome page/
invalid page DB

Client Server
Summary
• How to build the simple web site using html
and servlet?
– Http Protocol and Methods
– What is Servlet?
– Parameters vs. Variables
– Servlet Life Cycle
– Break down structure component in
building web application

Q&A
Summary
Web Server
Container
1. Send request C 2. Call
3. Query
5. Response DAO DB
4. Render/Send
6. Display V

Q&A
Exercises
• Do it again all of demos
• Using servlet to write the programs as the following
requirement
– Present the Login form (naming LoginServlet) with title Login,
header h1 – Login, 02 textbox with naming txtUser and
txtPass, and the Login button
• Rewrite above Login application combining with DB
– Writing the ColorServlet that presents “Welcome to Servlet
course” with yellow in background and red in foreground
– Writing the ProductServlet includes a form with a combo box
containing Servlet & JSP, Struts & JSF, EJB, XMJ, Java Web
Services, and the button with value Add to Cart
Next Lecture
• How to deploy the Web Application to Web
Server?
– Web applications Structure
– Request Parameters vs. Context Parameters vs.
Config/Servlet Parameters
– Application Segments vs. Scope
• How to transfer from resources to others
with/without data/objects?
– Attributes vs. Parameters vs. Variables
– Redirect vs. RequestDispatcher
– RequestDispatcher vs. Filter
Next Lecture
Day 1, 2, 3 – Login
Servlet

Day 4, 5 – Search
Break Down

Day 6, 7 – MVC2
JSP
Web Day 8, 9, 10 – CUD, Shopping Carts
Sessions
Web based
App - PBL Day 11, 12 – Login
Framework
JavaBeans

Day 13, 14, 15 – CRUD


MVC 2 Complete - JSTL - Taglib

Day 16, 17 – Filter


Filter Chain
Appendix – Build The Simple Web
How to Create Web Application Project

• Click Java Web categories


• Click the “Web Application” Projects

• Click Next button


Appendix – Build The Simple Web
How to Create Web Application Project

Fill your project name


Browser your location
where store the project

• Click Next button


Appendix – Build The Simple Web
How to Create Web Application Project

Choose deployed server


Choose Java EE 5/
J2EE 1.4

Modify the context path


(if necessary). Defaults,
it is named same as
Project Name

• Click Finish button


Appendix – Build The Simple Web
How to Create Web Application Project
Project name

Web Directory

Web deployment descriptor


Source code directory, containing java class. When
project is built, package in classes directory

Support library directory, containing jar file.


When project is built, package in lib directory

Configuration directory related define for


Web App
Appendix – Web Applications
Add the META-INF/context.xml to project
• optional – if it does not exist
– Right click the Web Pages, choose New, then choose Other
– In New File Dialog, choose Other, then choose Folder, click Next
– In New Folder Dialog, type the META-INF into Folder Name
– Click Finish
– Right click the META-INF, choose New, then choose Other
– In New File Dialog, choose XML, then choose XML Document, click Next
– In New XML Document Dialog, type context into File Name, click Next,
then click Finish
– Type the content of content.xml file as (Notes: must type “/” in front of
context)
Appendix
Build Application
Appendix
Build Application

• Package War file with command prompt


– jar –cvf fileName.war directoryOrFile
– Ex: jar –cvf AJDay1_7.war *.jsp WEB-INF/*
Appendix
Deploy Application
Appendix
Run Application
Appendix
Run Application
Appendix
Additional

• Caches of server
– WinXP: C:\Documents and Settings\LoggedUser\Application
Data\NetBeans\version\apache-tomcat-
tomcatVersion_base\work\Catalina \localhost\
– Vista or Win7, 8, 10:
C:\Users\LoggedUser\AppData\Roaming\NetBeans\version\apach
e-tomcat-tomcatVersion_base\work\Catalina\localhost\
– Above location should be gone and cleared when the application
cannot be undeployed or the web servers occur the errors
Appendix
Create a Servlet

• Click Web categories


• Click the “Servlet” File Types
• Click Next button
Appendix
Create a Servlet

Fill your servlet


name

Fill or choose
package name

• Click Next button


Appendix
Create a Servlet

Modify the Servlet


Name or URL Pattern
if necessary) to
configure the servlet
information to web.xml

• Click Finish button


• The servlet class (ex: HelloServlet.java) is added to source packages
(with package name if it’s exist) and it’s information is added to xml
Appendix
Create a Servlet
Appendix
Create a Servlet
The Servlet Model
•
ServletRequest interface
Provides access to specific information about the request
• Defines object (ServletRequest object)
– Containing actual request (ex: protocol, URL, and type)
– Containing raw request (ex: headers and input stream)
– Containing client specific request parameters
– Is passed as an argument to the service() method
• Some methods
Methods Descriptions

- public String getParameter(String name)


getParameter - Returns the value of a specified parameter by the name (or null or “”)
- String strUser = request.getParameter(“txtUser”);
- public Enumeration getParameterNames()
- Returns an enumeration of string objects containing the name of
getParameterNames parameters.
- Returns an empty enumeration if the request has no parameters
- Enumeration strUser = request.getParameterName();
- public String[] getParameterValues(String names)
- Returns an array of string objects containing all of the parameter
getParameterValues
values or null if parameters do not exist.
- String[] value = request.getParameterValues(”chkRemove”);
Appendix – The Servlet Model
HttpServletRequest interface – Examples
Appendix – Servlet Model
HttpServletRequest interface – Examples
Appendix – The Servlet Model
HttpServletRequest interface – Examples
Appendix – The Servlet Model
HttpServletRequest interface – Examples
Appendix – The Servlet Model
HttpServletRequest interface – Examples
Appendix – The Servlet Model
HttpServletRequest interface – Examples
Appendix – The Servlet Model
HttpServletRequest interface – Examples
Appendix – The Servlet Model
HttpServletRequest interface – Examples
Appendix – The Servlet Model
HttpServletRequest interface – Examples
Appendix – The Servlet Model
HttpServletRequest interface – Examples
Appendix – The Servlet Model
HttpServletRequest interface – Examples
Appendix – The Servlet Model
HttpServletRequest interface – Examples
Appendix – The Servlet Model
HttpServletRequest interface – Examples
Appendix – The Servlet Model
HttpServletRequest interface – Examples
Appendix – The Servlet Model
HttpServletRequest interface – Examples
The Servlet Model
ServletResponse interface
• Is response sent by the servlet to the client
• Include all the methods needed to create and manipulate a
servlet’s output
• Retrieve an output stream to send data to the client, decide on the
content type ...
• Define objects passed as an argument to service() method
• Some methods
Methods Descriptions
- public String getContentType()
- Returns the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
getContentType
type of the request body or null if the type is not known
- String contentType = response.getContentType();
- public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException
- Returns an object of PrintWriter class that sends character
getWriter
text to the client, particular Browser.
- PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
The Servlet Model
ServletResponse interface
Methods Descriptions
- public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws
IOException
- Uses ServletOutputStream object to write response as binary data
to the client.
- ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
- 02 supporting methods
getOutputStream + public void print(boolean b) throws IOException
. writes a boolean value to the client with no carriage
return line feed (CRLF) character at the end
. out.print(b);
+ public void println(char c) throws IOException
. same as the print methods but it writes a character value
to the client, followed by a carriage return line feed (CRLF)
- public void setContentType(String str)
- Used to set format in which the data is sent to the client, either
setContentType
normal text formate or html format
- Ex: response.setContentType(“text/html”);
The Servlet Model
HttpServletResponse interface
• Extends ServletResponse Interface
• Defines HttpServlet objects to pass as an argument to the service() method to
the client
• Set HTTP response, HTTP header, set content type of the response, acquire a text
stream for the response, acquire a binary stream for the response, redirect an
HTTP request to another URL or add cookies to the response
Methods Descriptions

- public String encodeRedirectURL (String url)


- Encodes the specified URL for use in the sendRedirect
encodeRedirectURL
method, or if encoding is not needed, returns the URL
unchanged
- public void sendRedirect(String URL) throws
IOException
- Sends a redirect response to the client using the specified
sendRedirect redirect location URL
- the servlet using the sendRedirect method to decide the
request handled by particular servlet or
- Ex: response.sendRedirect(“process.jsp”);
Appendix – The Servlet Model
HttpServletResponse interface - Example
Appendix – The Servlet Model
HttpServletResponse interface - Example
• Using sendRedirect
Appendix – The Servlet Model
HttpServletResponse interface - Example
• ResServlet
The Servlet Model
HttpServlet class
• The protocol defines a set of text-based request messages called
HTTP ‘methods’ implemented in HttpServlet class
• Provides an abstract class to create an HTTP Servlet
• Extends the GenericServlet class
• A subclass of HttpServlet class must override at least one of the
following methods: doGet(), doPost, doPut(), doDelete(), init(),
destroy(), and getServletInfo
• Some methods to process the request
Methods Descriptions
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException
doGet
- called by container to handle the GET request.
- This method is called through service() method
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException
doPost
- called by container to handle the POST request.
- This method is called through service() method
The Servlet Model
HttpServletRequest interface
• Extends
ServletRequest
Interface
• Add a few more
methods for handling
HTTP-specific request
data
• Defines an
HttpServletRequest
object passed as an
argument to the
service() method
Appendix – Build The Simple Web
Login Page
Appendix – Build The Simple Web
Invalid Page
Appendix – Build The Simple Web
Search Page
Appendix – Build The Simple Web
Servlet
Appendix – Build The Simple Web
DAO

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