ADVANCED

ENGINEERING SURVEY

COMPLEX
ENGINEERING
PROBLEM
(CEP) 2021

A report submitted on solving complex engineering problem to plot out the compound
curve by using required instruments and given data. pg. 1
Submitted to Sir Nasir Butt, FAST NUCES, LHR
 FAST NUCES

CEP REPORT

BY:

Sharjeel Gill (18L-0713)

Abdur Rehman Zahid (19L-0756)

Shaheer Hassan (19L-0741)

Junaid Malik (19L-0718)

Samir Amjad (19L-0709)

A report submitted on solving complex engineering problem to plot out the compound curve
by using required instruments and given data.

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF COMPUTER AND EMERGING SCIENCES

SUBMISSION DATE: 24th Feb, 2021

pg. 2
 TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Title Page ……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….2
2. Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….……4
3. Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4
4. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………5
5. Types of Compound Curves…..………………………………………………………..……………………………..5
6. Field Procedures for layout…..…………………………………………………………………………………………8
7. Assigned Problem………………………………………………………………………….………………………………9
8. Method Acquired.…...………………………………………………………………….…………………………………9
9. Apparatus Used…….……..……………………………………………………………….……………………………..10
10. Calculations....…………………………………………………………………………………….……………………….12
11. Procedure...……………..…………………………………………………………………………..……………………..17
12. Pictures taken………………………………………………………………………………………………………………18
13. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……19
14. Reference………………………………………………………………………………………………………………......19

pg. 3
 ABSTRACT

We are assigned with a complex engineering problem related to compound curve; our given data was
coordinates of the curve. We performed various calculations and calculated all the required data for
the curve. We used a lot of surveying types of equipment. Our primary method of solving C.E.P
includes the tangential angle method and deflection angle method. The tangential angle method was
used for locating the point of curvature and the point of tangency on the ground. The deflection angle
method was used to layout the whole curve in parts. In the end, we gave a physical form to our
theoretical information by recreating it on the ground.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Our group would like to express our deepest appreciation to our professor Nasir Butt, who has such a
humble attitude towards students. He continuously and convincingly conveyed a spirit of curiosity about
this complex engineering. This performance-based problem provide a great understanding of the theory
of the subject. We also took advantage from our course recommended book that is NN Basak, which
helped us in our calculations for the calculation of curves. During Performance, Sir Adnan was very
cooperative. He showed a friendly attitude towards students and marked our cep evaluations fairly.

pg. 4
 INTRODUCTION

DEFINATION:

A compound curve is two or more simple

curves which have different centers, bend in
the same direction, lie on the same side of
their common tangent, and connect to form
a continuous arc. The point where the two
curves connect (namely, the point at which
the PT of the first curve equals the PC of
the second curve) is referred to as the point
of compound curvature (PCC).

Since their tangent lengths vary, compound Diagram of Compound Curve

curves fit the topography much better than
simple curves. These curves easily adapt to
mountainous terrain or areas cut by large,
winding rivers. However, since compound
curves are more hazardous than simple
curves, they should never be used where a
simple curve will do.

The computation of compound curves

presents two basic problems. The first is
where the compound curve is to be laid out
between two successive PIs on the
preliminary traverse. The second is where
the curve is to be laid in between two
successive tangents on the preliminary
traverse.

pg. 5
 TYPES OF COMPOUND CURVES

COMPOUND CURVE BETWEEN COMPOUND CURVE BETWEEN

SUCCESSIVE PIS : SUCCESSIVE TANGENTS:

The calculations and procedure for laying out a The following steps explain the laying out of a
compound curve between successive points are compound curve between successive tangents.
outlined in the following steps. This procedure This procedure is illustrated in figure b.
is illustrated in figure :
1- Determine the pi of the first curve at point A 1- Determine the PI and I angle from the field
from field data or previous computations. data and/or previous computations.
2- Obtain i1, i2, and distance ab from the field 2- Determine the value of I1 and distance AB.
data. The surveyor may do this by field measurements
or by scaling the distance and angle from the plan
and profile sheet.
3- Determine the value of d1, the d for the first 3- Compute angle C.
curve. This may be computed from a limiting
C = 180 – I
factor based on a scaled value from the road
plan or furnished by the project engineer.
4- Compute r1, the radius of the first curve as 4- Compute I2.
shown in figure.
I2 =180-(I1+C)
5- Compute t1, the tangent of the first curve. 5- Compute line AC.
T1 = r1(tan ½ i) AC = AB Sin I2 / Sin C
6- Compute t2, the tangent of the second curve. 6- Compute line BC.
T2 = ab – t1 BC = AB Sin I1 / Sin C
7- Compute r2, the radius of the second curve. 7- Compute the station of PI1.
R2 = t2 / tan ½ I PI1 = PI – AC
8- Compute d2 for the second curve. Since the 8- Determine D1 and compute R1 and T1 for
tangent for the second curve must be held exact, the first curve as described on pages 11 through
the value of d2 must be carried to five decimal 13.
places.
9- Compare d1 and d2. They should not differ 9- Compute T2 and R2 as described on pages 11
by more than 3 degrees, if they vary by more through 13.

pg. 6
than 3 degrees, the surveyor should consider
changing the configuration of the curve.
10- If the two ds are acceptable, then compute 10- Compute D2 according to the formulas.
the remaining data and deflection angles for the
first curve.
11- Compute the pi of the second curve. Since 11- Compute the station at PC.
the PCC is at the same station as the PT of the
PC1 = PI – (AC + T1)
first curve, then pi2 = pt1 + t2.
12- Compute the remaining data and deflection 12- Compute the remaining curve data and
angles for the second curve, and lay in the deflection angles for the first curve.
curves.
Compute PI2.
PI2 = PT1 + T2
13- Compute the remaining curve data and
deflection angles for the second curve, and stake
out the curves.

pg. 7
 FIELD PROCEDURES FOR LAYOUT COMPOUND CURVE
Two procedures for staking compound curves have been and introduced yet and are described below:

Compound Curve between Successive PIs:

1-Stake the first curve as we layout a simple circular curve.

2- Verify the PCC and PT2 by placing the instrument on the PCC, sighting on PI2, and laying off
I2/2. The resulting line-of-sight 3- should intercept PT2.

3- Stake the second curve in the same manner as the first.

Compound Curve between Successive Tangents:

1- Place the instrument at the PI and sight along the back tangent.

2- Lay out a distance AC from the PI along the back tangent, and set PI1.

3- Continue along the back tangent from PI2 a distance T1, and set PC1.

4- Sight along the forward tangent with the instrument still at the PI.

5- Lay out a distance BC from the PI along the forward tangent, and set PI2.

6- Continue along the forward tangent from PI a distance T2, and set PT2.

7- Check the location of PI1 and PI2 by either measuring the distance between the two PIs or
comparing the measured distance to the computed length of line AB, or by placing the instrument
at PI1, sighting the PI, and laying off I1. The resulting line-of-sight should intercept PI2.

8- Stake the curves now.

pg. 8
ASSIGNED PROBLEM:

Two tangents AB and BC intersect at B. Another line DE intersects AB and BC at D and E such that
∠ADE = x° and ∠DEC = y°. The radius of the first curve is 38 m and that of the second is 42 m.

Lower chainage T1 (E=433774, N=3483070), T2 (E=433780.194, N=3483051.331), Higher chainage

T3 (E=433771.965, N=3483023.805), Point of Tangent Intersection B (E=433789.177,
N=3483046.943) & T S = 27.604m.

Calculate all the data necessary for setting out the compound curve by using required instruments and
given data.

Note: Please attach pictures of practical performance under Procedure category.

METHOD OF SOLUTION:

For solving the above assigned problem, method of Successive tangents is adopted.

pg. 9
APPARATUS USED:

Total Station/Theodolite:

A total station (TS) or total station theodolite

(TST) is an electronic/optical instrument used
for surveying and building construction.
It is an electronic travel theodolite coordinate d
with electronic distance estimation (EDM) to
gauge both vertical and level points and the
incline distance from the instrument to a
specific point, and an on-board PC to gather
information and perform triangulation
calculations.

Measuring Tape:

It is a long, dainty piece of plastic, fabric, or

metal that is set apart with units of length (like
inches or centimeters) and that is utilized for
measuring things.

Peg:

It is a small piece of wood having pointy cone

on one side that is used for marking points on
the ground. It is inserted with the help of
hammer as a marking point.

pg. 10
GPS:

GPS is defined as radio navigation

system involving satellites and
computers that can determine the
latitude and longitude of a receiver
on earth. In our CEP, coordinates of
GPS are given. We have used GPS
receiver to find out our coordinates.

pg. 11
NECESSARY CALCULATIONS

pg. 12
pg. 13
pg. 14
pg. 15
pg. 16
 PROCEDURE

 We will choose a point in the ground (fix a peg there) and start by setting up the Total
station on it by centering and leveling (P.I of the curve’s tangents).

 We select any other point on the ground and fix our 2nd peg there (T1).

 After the total station is thoroughly set, we will begin by sighting our 2nd peg (t1) and setting
the angle to 0-set on the Total station.

 We draw a line to it as calculated.

 Then we move the Total stations head to our measured deflection angle and with proper
measurements.

 A peg (T3) is sighted, and a straight line is drawn.

 We move our Total station to our 2nd peg position (T1).

 Again, it’s centered and leveled there.

 We sight our initial point (P.I) and 0-set angle on it.

 Then we will move the head of the total station (according to the calculated deflection
angle),

 After the angle has been set, we will lock the head.

 We will fix a peg (Pegs for short curve), and a straight line will be drawn.

 Rinse and repeat until the short curve is completed.

 Now, we will move the total station to the end of the short curve point (where our peg was
fixed (T2)).

 The total station is centered and leveled here again.

 We will back sight our 2nd peg (T1), and 0-set angle there.

 The total station is transited.

 We will proceed in making our long curve.

 The head of the Total station is moved according to the calculated deflection angle.

 The head is locked, afterward; a peg is fixed after sighting it.

 We draw a straight line to it.

pg. 17
 Rinse and repeat, until the long curve meets the 3rd peg (T3).

PICTURES TAKEN DURING PROCEDURE

pg. 18
 CONCLUSION

Compound curve has been plotted.

REFERENCE

 Engineering Surveying & Levelling by NN Basak.

pg. 19