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Slim 2. Cheap 3. Spinster 4. Live-In Lover 5. Boyfriend 6. Chick, Broad, Female Human

This document provides examples of semantic analyses and comparisons of words and phrases. It examines concepts like metaphor, broadening and narrowing of meaning, idioms, and semantic boundaries. For instance, it analyzes how words like "business" and "starve" have broadened in meaning over time, and provides examples of idioms that compare qualities like strength and wisdom to animals.

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Таня Братковская
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66 views

Slim 2. Cheap 3. Spinster 4. Live-In Lover 5. Boyfriend 6. Chick, Broad, Female Human

This document provides examples of semantic analyses and comparisons of words and phrases. It examines concepts like metaphor, broadening and narrowing of meaning, idioms, and semantic boundaries. For instance, it analyzes how words like "business" and "starve" have broadened in meaning over time, and provides examples of idioms that compare qualities like strength and wisdom to animals.

Uploaded by

Таня Братковская
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ex.

2
1. slim
2. cheap
3. spinster
4. live-in lover
5. boyfriend
6. chick, broad, female human

Ex. 3
6. uprising
5. riot
1. demonstration
3. unlawful gathering
2. protest
4. disturbance
disturbance (general denotation)
2. guerilla
1. freedom fighter
4. mercenary
3. soldier
5. terrorist
soldier (general denotation)

Ex. 4
A: Oh dear, it’s raining – we’ll get wet if we walk to the cinema!
B: Shall we get a taxi then? Don’t worry, I’ll pay!

b A: Go inside – you’ll get a cold!


B: I’m okay, I’ve got a thick sweater on.

c A: How’s Dan’s back?


B: I think it’s getting worse unfortunately.

d A: Did you have a good journey home?


B: Not too bad – we got there at about 8.30.

e A: Can’t we get cheap some of these old records?


B: Oh – I like them all!

f A: Do you get fine with your mother-in-law?


B: Yeah, she’s really nice actually.

g A: Did you get a message from Liz?


B: Yes, I’ve just called her back.
Ex. 5
1. Beware of the bull! (The Beware of the Bull Sign is designed to inform both
workers and any visitors to the farm of the real and present danger of a bull.)
2. I think the elephant is a bull. (The definition of bull elephant in
the dictionary is adult male elephant.)
3. Stop acting like a bull in a china shop! (This is said about people who are
very careless in the way that they move or behave.)
4. There was a bull market on the stock exchange today. (A bull market is the
condition of a financial market in which prices are rising or are expected to
rise.)
5. Well done! You’ve hit the bull’s eye. (The bull’s eye it's means doing or
saying exactly what is needed, exactly as it should, at the right moment, at the
right time.)
6. Don’t give me all that bull. (that's bull - that means nonsense).
7. I’m afraid that you’ll just have to take the bull by the horns. (take the bull
by the horns - this means taking action, taking everything into your own
hands.)

Ex. 6
Dull – скучный, унылый, тупой, тусклый, серый, притупить, заглушить боль.
(each of the options expresses a lack of something: interest, intelligence, etc.)

Do – делать, заниматься, выполнять, поступать, действовать, исполнять.


(each of the options expresses some action.)

Order – заказать, заказывать, приказывать, распорядиться, приказать,


предписывать, командовать. (each of the options expresses an authoritative
instruction to do something.)

Power – мощь, власть, сила, полномочие, энергетика, влияние, способность.


(each of the options expresses the capacity or ability to direct or influence the
behavior of others or the course of events.)

Operation – операция, эксплуатация, управление, действие, процесс,


манипуляция. (each of the options expresses the fact or condition of functioning
or being active.)

Ex. 7
Cat – catling
Man – manling
First – firstling
Weak – weakling
Snake – snakeling
Branch – branchlet
Drop – droplet
Arm – armlet
Ring – ringlet
Star – starlet
Duck – ducky
Doll – dolly
Book – booklet
Leaf – leaflet
Stream – streamlet
Cloud – cloudlet
Chick – chickling

Ex. 8
1. a) In this context, a table is a surface on which something lies. (There is a
superstition associated with hats saying that a hat left on a table brings bad
luck.)
b) “at the table” is a place where a certain group of people gathers for some
purpose.
c) The “whole table” is all those present there and sitting at this table.
d) "Keeps a good table" means to be a good host.
2. a) In this context, “green” has a direct meaning and means the color of the
dress.
b) "Green wood" is freshly cut wood that has a lot of moisture inside and has
not yet managed to dry.
c) In this context, “still green” does not mean color, but a very young and not
yet experienced person.
d) "Green old age" is a happy, active old age, when a person, despite his age,
always remains a young soul.

Ex. 9
The semantic boundaries:
1. A tree has one trunk, and a shrub consists of many branches.
2. A mountain and a hill is their size: the mountain is much larger than the hill.
3. Blue and green are different shades of colors.
4. A woman and a girl are the age of female people.

Ex. 10
1. Kill, murder, assassinate, massacre (crime, deprivation of life)
2. House, habitation. Mansion, residence (building, dwelling)
3. Master, owner, proprietor, chief (person, leader)
4. Ability, capacity, admit, confess (traits, characteristic)

Ex. 12
1. An example of broadening of meaning is the change from holy day as
a religious feast to the very general break from work called a holiday.
2. An example is the word business, which originally meant 'the state of
being busy, careworn, or anxious,' and was broadened to encompass all
kinds of work or occupations.
3. Starve
"Modern English starve means 'to die of hunger' (or often 'to be extremely
hungry'; and dialectally, 'to be very cold'), while its Old English ancestor
steorfan meant more generally 'to die.'
4. Accident and Fowl
"Accident means an unintended injurious or disastrous event. Its original
meaning was just any event, especially one that was unforeseen. Fowl in
Old English referred to any bird. Subsequently, the meaning of this word
was narrowed to a bird raised for food, or a wild bird hunted for 'sport.'"

Ex. 13
as steady as a rock
as deaf as a post
as silent as the grave
as white as snow
as thick as two short planks
as cool as a cucumber
as true as steel
as sharp as a knife
as fit as a fiddle

Ex. 14
as wise as an owl
as tall as a giraffe
as busy as a bee
as strong as a bull
as obstinate as a mule
as silly as a goose
as clumsy as an elephant
as cunning as a fox
as hoarse as a crow
as weak as a kitten
as tall as a giraffe
as plump as a partridge

Ex. 15
1. In the heart of the mountings, at the bottom of page. (metaphor)
2. Head of a cabbage, hand of a clock. (metaphor)
3. Wing of a plane, eye of a potato. (metaphor)
4. Hot scent, warm heart. (metaphor)
5. A bookworm, a tiger, a lion.( metaphor)

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