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11-4 Cell Division - Meiosis Notes Cell Division - Meiosis Key Terms

This document provides an overview of meiosis, including key terms like haploid, diploid, and gametes. It explains that meiosis results in 4 haploid cells through 2 divisions, and involves processes like DNA replication, chromosome pairing, crossing over, and separation of homologous chromosomes. The purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes with half the normal number of chromosomes so that fertilization can restore the diploid number.

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130 views

11-4 Cell Division - Meiosis Notes Cell Division - Meiosis Key Terms

This document provides an overview of meiosis, including key terms like haploid, diploid, and gametes. It explains that meiosis results in 4 haploid cells through 2 divisions, and involves processes like DNA replication, chromosome pairing, crossing over, and separation of homologous chromosomes. The purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes with half the normal number of chromosomes so that fertilization can restore the diploid number.

Uploaded by

anna roth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: ________________________________________________ Period: ___________________ Date: ___________

11-4 Cell Division - Meiosis Notes

Cell Division – Meiosis Key Terms

__diploid_____________________ - cell that has two sets of chromosomes (2N)


Define
haploid, ______haploid_________________ – cell that has a single set of chromosomes (n)
diploid, tetrad
and gametes. _____tetrad___________________ – pair of homologous chromosomes (4
chromatids)

_____gametes_____________________ – sex cells (sperm and egg cells)

Meiosis

How are ______gametes_______________ (sex cells) are formed by a process that separates
gametes the two sets of genes so that each gamete ends up with just one set.
formed?
Chromosome Number
1. The two sets of chromosomes in organisms are
_____homologous_____________________________ - each chromosomes that
Compare and came from the male parent has a corresponding (matching)
contrast chromosome from the female parent .
haploid and
diploid. 2. For example, a body cell in an adult fruit fly has 8 chromosomes: 4
from the fruit fly's male parent, and 4 from its female parent.

3. __diploid___________________ - A cell that contains __both


sets______________ of homologous chromosomes. The number of
chromosomes in a diploid cell is sometimes represented by the
symbol __2n________.

4. __haploid_________________ - Gametes that contain only a


__single_____________ set of chromosomes. The number of
chromosomes in a haploid cell is sometimes represented by the
symbol _n_________.

Phases of Meiosis

What is ___meiosis____________________ is a process of reduction division in which the


meiosis? number of chromosomes per cell is cut in __half___________________ .

● Meiosis involves two divisions, ___meiosis I________________________


and ___meiosis II______________________.
Name: ________________________________________________ Period: ___________________ Date: ___________

● By the end of meiosis II, the diploid cell that entered meiosis has
become _____4 haploid cells___________________________________.

Meiosis I

What happens Interphase I


during
interphase I? Gametes first undergo a round of ___DNA
replication_____________________________________, forming duplicate
chromosomes.

Prophase I

Each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome to


How many form a ___tetrad____________________________________.
chromatids
are in a There are _4____________ chromatids in a tetrad.
tetrad?
When homologous chromosomes form ____tetrads_______________________ (a
pair of homologous chromosomes) in Meiosis I, they exchange portions of
their chromatids in a process called
What is ___crossing-over_________________________________________.
crossing-over
? Crossing-over produces new combinations of ___alleles_________________
(different form of a gene).

What happens
during each
Metaphase I
phase of
meiosis I?
Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes.

Anaphase I

The fibers pull the homologous chromosomes toward opposite ends of the
cell.

Telophase I and Cytokinesis


Name: ________________________________________________ Period: ___________________ Date: ___________

Nuclear membranes form. The cell separates into two cells.

The two cells produced by meiosis I have chromosomes and alleles that are
different from each other and from the diploid cell that entered meiosis I

Meiosis II

The two cells produced by meiosis I now enter a second meiotic division.
Unlike meiosis I, neither cell goes through chromosome replication.

MEIOSIS II - Prophase II

What happens Meiosis I results in ______two haploid (N) daughter


during each cells_______________________________________________________, each with half the
phase of number of chromosomes as the original cell.
meiosis II?

MEIOSIS II - Metaphase II

The chromosomes line up in the ____center____________________ of cell.

MEIOSIS II - Anaphase II

The sister chromatids __separate__________________ and move toward


_______opposite ends________________________ of the cell.
Name: ________________________________________________ Period: ___________________ Date: ___________

MEIOSIS II – Telophase II and Cytokinesis

Meiosis II results in ___four haploid________________________ (N) daughter cells.

Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis

How are Mitosis results in the production of ____two genetically identical


mitosis and diploid____________________________ __________________________________________________
meiosis cells.
similar?
Meiosis produces ____four genetically different haploid
cells____________________________________________________________.
How are
mitosis and Mitosis
meiosis • Cells produced by mitosis have the __same____________ number of
different? chromosomes and alleles as the ___original__________________ cell.
• Mitosis allows an organism to
grow and replace __somatic(body)_________________________________________.
• Some organisms reproduce asexually by mitosis.

Meiosis
• Cells produced by meiosis have ___half______________ the number
of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Name: ________________________________________________ Period: ___________________ Date: ___________

• These cells are genetically ____different___________________ from


the diploid cell and from each other.
• Meiosis is how sexually reproducing organisms produce
_______gametes_____________________________________.

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