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Tutorial 6 - Thermochemistry Sem 1 2018 19

1. The change in internal energy, ∆U, of the system is -2,750 J (∆U = Heat - Work = -2,500 J - 7,655 J = -2,750 J) 2. The initial temperature of the H2O was 36.5 oC. (Given: q = m c ΔT. The heat lost by Al is used to raise the temperature of H2O. Equating the two heats gives the initial T of H2O.) 3. (a) The heat evolved when the pentane combusted is 11,030 J. (b) The enthalpy change of combustion per mole of pentane is

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51 views

Tutorial 6 - Thermochemistry Sem 1 2018 19

1. The change in internal energy, ∆U, of the system is -2,750 J (∆U = Heat - Work = -2,500 J - 7,655 J = -2,750 J) 2. The initial temperature of the H2O was 36.5 oC. (Given: q = m c ΔT. The heat lost by Al is used to raise the temperature of H2O. Equating the two heats gives the initial T of H2O.) 3. (a) The heat evolved when the pentane combusted is 11,030 J. (b) The enthalpy change of combustion per mole of pentane is

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Myeisha Williams
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UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, JAMAICA

DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY

GROUPS: DN-1, MT-1, EH-1, AS-1, B-ENG, OHS, SE


MODULE: GENERAL CHEMISTRY (CHY2021)
Unit # 6 DATE: March, 2018

1. What is the change in the internal energy, ∆U, of a system that releases 2,500 J of heat
and that does 7,655 J of work on the surroundings at constant pressure?

2. When 20 g of Al (s) at 98 oC is placed in 50 g of H2O, the final temperature is 26.5 oC. What
was the initial temperature of H2O? Given: cspAl(s) = 0.903 J/(g oC) and cspH2O(l) = 4.18 J/(g oC).

3. *In an experiment to measure the enthalpy change of combustion of pentane, C5H12, a student
heated a bomb calorimeter containing 1.00 kg of water and collected the following data.
Initial temperature of water: 20.45 °C
Final temperature of water: 23.65 °C
Mass of pentane burned: 0.468 g
Specific heat capacity of water: 4.184 J/g*oC
Heat capacity of calorimeter: 2.21kJ/oC

a. Use the data to calculate the heat evolved when the pentane was combusted.
b. Calculate the enthalpy change of combustion per mole of pentane.

4. Given the enthalpies of reaction


P4 (s) + 3O2 (g)  P4O6 (s) H = -1640.1 kJ
P4 (s) + 5O2 (g)  P4O10 (s) H = -2940.1 kJ

Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction


P4O6 (s) + 2O2 (g)  P4O10 (s)

5. Calculate H for the reaction 4 NH3 (g) + 5 O2 (g) 4 NO (g) + 6 H2O (g), from the
following data:
N2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 NO (g) H = -180.5 kJ
N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g) H = -91.8 kJ
2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 H2O (g) H = -483.6 kJ

6. Complete combustion of 1 mol of acetone (C3H6O) liberates 1790 kJ:


C3H6O (g) + 4O2 (g)  3CO2 (g) + 3H2O (l) H = -1790 kJ

Using this information together with data provided, calculate the enthalpy of formation of
acetone. Høf (CO2) = -393.5 kJ; Høf (H2O) = -285.8 kJ

7. Determine the C=O bond energy in kJ mol-1 from the following data:
CH4(g) + 2O2(g)  CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) H° = 890.3 kJ

Bond Dissociation Energy / kJ mol-1


CC 347
CH 410
O=O 422
OH 464

Additional Practice questions:

8.
a. Differentiate between standard state and state function.
b. Differentiate between thermal and heat energy.
c. Differentiate between an isolated and a closed system. Use a supporting example.
d. Differentiate between internal energy of a system and its enthalpy.

9. Define the following terms, and write suitable reactions for each definition
a. Bond dissociation enthalpy
b. Lattice energy
c. Enthalpy of formation
d. Enthalpy of combustion

10. Phileas Fogg, the character who went around the world in 80 days, was very fussy about his
bathwater temperature. It had to be exactly 38.0o C. You are his butler, and one morning
while checking his bath temperature, you notice that it’s 42.0oC. You plan to cool the 100.0
kg of water to the desired temperature by adding an aluminum-duckie originally at freezer
temperature (-24.0oC). Of what mass should the Al-duckie be?
[Specific heat of Al = 0.900 J/(goC);]. Assume that no heat is lost to the air.

11. Hydrogen is used in large quantities in industrial processes that convert nitrogen into
ammonia for use in fertilizers. One method that is commonly employed is to pass steam and
methane over a nickel catalyst.
CH4(g) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + 3H2(g) ∆H = +206 kJ mol-1
Making use of the additional information given below, calculate the bond energy of the
(C≡O) bond in the carbon monoxide molecule.

Bond Energy/kJ mol-1


C-H 410
O-H 464
H-H 436

12. Construct a detailed Born Haber cycle for the compound sodium oxide, Na2O.
a. Using the information given below, calculate the enthalpy of formation of sodium
oxide.
Lattice energy of sodium oxide = +2528 kJ mol-1*
∆Hsub. of sodium = +108 kJ mol-1
1st Ionisation energy Na = +496 kJ mol-1
Bond dissociation energy, O2 = + 498 kJ mol-1
1st electron affinity of oxygen = -141 kJ mol-1
2nd electron affinity of oxygen = +798 kJ mol-1

b. How would you expect the lattice energy to change for MgO? Explain.

Note: Lattice energy is defined as the enthalpy changed when 1 mol of ionic compound is
separated into its gaseous ions.

13. Construct a Born Haber cycle for the formation of CaBr2 and calculate the lattice energy of
CaBr2 using the data given below:

Enthalpy change kJ mol-1


Hf° CaBr2 (s) -675
H°sub Ca (s) +178
H°vap Br2 (l) +31
H°atom Br2 (g) +193
H°IE1 Ca (g) +590
H°IE2 Ca (g) +1145
H°EA Br (g) -331

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