Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2021

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Physics (4PH1) Paper 2P
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January 2021
Publications Code 4PH1_2P_2101_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2021
General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the
first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded
for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their
perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be
used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners
should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the
mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if
the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark
scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles
by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme
to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it
with an alternative response.
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) any two from: ignore references to 2
frequency and
wavelength
MP1. light waves are transverse and sound waves
are longitudinal;
MP2. light travels faster than sound; condone ‘different
speeds’
MP3. light can travel through vacuum but sound
waves can’t;

(b) (i) B (microwaves); 1

A is incorrect because gamma rays have a shorter wavelength than infrared

C is incorrect because ultraviolet rays have a shorter wavelength than infrared
D is incorrect because visible light waves have a shorter wavelength than
infrared

(ii) B (heating lamps); 1

A is incorrect because ultraviolet rays are used in fluorescent lamps

C is incorrect because there is too much interference from the Earth for
infrared to be used for satellite transmissions
D is incorrect because gamma rays are used to sterilise medical equipment

(iii) D (skin burns); 1

A is incorrect because infrared is not absorbed by the retina

B is incorrect because infrared is non-ionising
C is incorrect because infrared cannot penetrate into the body to cause
internal heating
(c) trace drawn with higher amplitude throughout; allow variable 2
amplitude
trace drawn with higher frequency throughout; allow variable
amplitude
e.g.

Total for Question 1 = 7 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) 2; 1

(b) all rows correct;; 2

any 2 rows correct;
e.g.





(c) any two from: do not penalize use of 2

atom for nucleus for
more than one mark
MP1. neutrons absorbed by another nucleus;
MP2. uranium-235 named;
MP3. nucleus splits, releasing more neutrons (and
process repeats);

Total for question 2 = 5 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) (metre) rule(r)/(metal) tape measure; allow 1
(Vernier) caliper(s)

(b) (i) 3.6; allow 3.7 1

(ii) idea that the reading would be larger than the 1

range of the instrument;

(c) (i) suitable linear scale chosen (>50% of grid used); 3

axes labelled with quantities and units;
plotting correct to nearest half square; ignore plotting of 45cm
point

(ii) line (curve) of best fit acceptable; allow ECF from plotting 1
i.e. smooth curve with
points evenly
distributed about it

(d) any four from: no mark for simply 4

‘student is right/wrong’
MP1. as distance increases, force decreases;
MP2. (because) moment = force x distance;
MP3. any one calculated moment value from
results table or graph;
MP4. a second calculated moment value from
results table or graph;
MP5. evidence shows moments are not all the allow evidence shows
same; moments are similar
MP6. (but) no pattern in the data (so could be allow consistent
attributed to experimental errors); conclusion i.e. variation
isn’t large enough

Total for Question 3 = 11 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) (i) idea that it will run out / cannot be replaced; ignore renewed/re-used 1

(ii) any two correct readings taken from graph; 2

evaluation of total;

e.g.
(proportion =) 27.5 + 35 + 19.5
(proportion =) 82 (%) allow 81-83 (%)

(b) a named effect e.g. global warming, acid rain; 2

a named pollutant e.g. carbon dioxide, sulphur -1 for incorrectly linked
dioxide, nitrogen (di)oxide; effect and pollutant

(c) (i) correct reading of solar from graph; seen anywhere in 2

working
evaluation;

e.g.
solar = 1.5%
(solar output = 0.015 × 4.76 × 1011 =) 7.1(4) × 109 (W)

(ii) correct use of ratio; 2

evaluation;

e.g.
land area = 4.76 × 1011 / 250
(land area =) 1.90 × 109 (m2) allow 1.904… × 109 (m2)

(iii) any three from: no mark for simple 3

yes/no for suitability
MP1. land area needed is much less than total land allow ecf from (ii)
area of USA / there is enough space;
MP2. land area needed is (much) less than 1% of also scores MP1
total land area;
MP3. idea that Sun doesn’t shine all the time;
MP4. idea that some areas of land may not be allow idea of competing
suitable for solar power; land uses e.g.
housing/agriculture

Total for question 4 = 12 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) (i) (soft) iron; accept other suitable 1
ferromagnetic materials

(ii) input power = output power; allow 1

• formula in words or symbols
OR • standard abbreviations: i.e.
s, p, in, out, 1, 2
primary voltage × primary current =
secondary voltage × secondary current;

(iii) substitution; 3
rearrangement;
evaluation; -1 for POT error
79.45…(A) scores 2 marks
e.g.
275 000 × Ip = 230 × 95
(Ip =) 230 × 95 / 275 000
(Ip =) 0.079 (A) allow 0.07945…

(b) any five from: allow any mark if clear from 5

diagram

MP1. step-up transformer used before

transmission;
MP2. voltage is increased before transmission;
MP3. current is reduced before transmission;

MP4. less heating in transmission cables;

MP5. less energy wasted in transmission cables;

MP6. step-down transformer used after

transmission;
MP7. voltage is decreased after transmission for
safety;

Total for question 5 = 10 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) W marked between +10 and +15 absolute magnitude 1
and between blue and white/yellow colour marks;

(b) X marked between 0 and -5 absolute magnitude and 1

between yellow/red and end of colour scale;

(c) Y marked above and to the left of the Sun; judge by eye 1

(d) Z marked vertically in line with and below the Sun; judge by eye 1

(e) Any one from: 1

MP1. idea that the Moon does not emit its own
light;

MP2. Idea that the Moon is not a star

MP3. idea that the (surface) temperature of the

Moon is too low / does not fit on the scale;

Total for Question 6 = 5 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) substitution into momentum = mass × velocity; allow use of standard 2
symbols e.g. p = m × v
evaluation; -1 for POT error

e.g.
p = 0.0041 × 0.15
(p =) 0.00062 (kgm/s) allow decimal or
standard form
allow 0.000615

(b) velocity of ball increases; allow ball speeds up 2

momentum increases;

(c) substitution into F = (mv – mu) / t; 3

rearrangement;
evaluation; -1 for POT error

e.g.
1.3 = 0.0041 × v (– 0) / 0.0025
(v =) 1.3 × 0.0025 / 0.0041
(v =) 0.79 (m/s) allow 0.79268…

Total for Question 7 = 7 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (a) (force to the) right; allow ‘towards the 2
positive plate” or “away
from the negative plate”
(because) opposite charges attract / like charges
repel;

(b) line drawn showing the ink drop deflecting to the allow ECF from (a) if 2
right of the centre and hitting paper below; direction of force to the
left
line drawn starts vertical and becomes increasingly DOP
more curved as the ink drop moves towards paper;

(c) (i) substitution into force = mass × acceleration; 3

rearrangement;
evaluation; -1 for POT error

e.g.
8.5 × 10-7 = 1.1 × 10-10 × a
(a =) 8.5 × 10-7 / 1.1 × 10-10
(a =) 7700 (m/s2) allow 7727.27…

(ii) use of v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s); can be implied from 4

substitution
substitution OR rearrangement; allow ECF from (i)
evaluation in metres;
conversion to mm; independent mark
award if correct
conversion attempted on
incorrect answer

e.g.
v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)
3.92 = 0 + (2 × 7700 × s) OR s = (v2 – u2) / 2a
(s =) 9.9 × 10-4 (m) allow 9.8 × 10-4 – 9.9 × 10-4
(s =) 0.99 (mm) allow 0.98 - 0.99

(d) idea of swapping polarities of plates; allow positively charging 2

ink drop
idea of increasing the amount of charge on plates; allow increasing amount
of charge on ink drop
allow decreasing {mass or
volume} of the ink drop

Total for Question 8 = 13 marks

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