MEASURES OF POSITION

Quartile
th
k k
Q k = n+ 1−
4 4 ( )
Where,k = 1, 2, 3

The following are the scores of 9 students in Mathematics 10 examination. Solve the
value of Q 1 , Q2 , Q3 ,

Students Score
Vincent 35
Marie 38
Mark 42
Mae 45
Florence 48
Fitz 50
Hanz 53
Hazel 56
Jennifer 60
n=9
th
1 1
4 [ ( )]
Q1= n+ 1−
4
th
1 3
4 [ ( )]
Q1= (9)+
4
th
9 3
Q 1= +
4 4[ ]
th
12
Q 1= ( ) 4
Q 1=3 rd score

Q 1=42

th
2 2
Q 2=
[ ( )]
4
n+ 1−
4
th
2 2
4 [ ( )]
Q 2= (9)+
4
th
18 2
Q 2= [ +
4 4 ]
th
20
Q 2=
4( )
Q2=5 th score

Q2=48
  50% of the students got scores less than or equal to 48.
 25% of the students got scores less than or equal to 42.
th
3 3
4 [ ( )]
Q 3= n+ 1−
4
th
3 1
4 [ ( )]
Q 3= (9)+
4
th
27 1
Q 3= [
+
4 4 ]
th
28
Q 3= ( ) 4
Q3=7 th score

Q3=53

 75% of the students got score less than or equal to 53.

Decile

X = 12, 13, 14, 15, 19, 20, 20, 23, 24, 26, 28, 30, 35, 38, 40
n = 15

th
k k
Dk =
10
n+ 1−
10 ( )
th
1 1
D 1=
10[(15)+ 1−
10 ( )]
th
1 9
D 1=
10[(15)+
10 ( )]
th
15 9
D 1= [ +
10 10 ]
th
24
D 1= ( ) 10

D1=2.4 th score

 The value of D1lies between the 3rd and 4th score.

D1=3 rd score+0.4 ( 4 th score−3 rd score)

D1=14 +0.4 (15−14)

D1=14 +0.4 (1)

D1=14 +0.4

D1=14.4
  10% of the score is less than or equal to 14. 4

th
4 4
D4 =
[
10
(15)+ 1−
10 ( )]
th
4 6
D4 =
[ 10
( 15)+
10 ( )]
th
60 6
D4 = [ +
10 10 ]
th
66
D4 = ( ) 10

D 4 =6.6th score

 The value of D 4 lies between the 6th and 7th scores.

D 4 =6 th score+0.6 (7 th score−6 th score)

D 4 =20+0.6 (20−20)

D4 =20+0.6 (0)
D 4 =20+0

D4 =20

 40% of the score is less than or equal to 20

X
1 12
2 12
3 14
4 17
5 18
6 20
7 21
8 25
9 28
10 30
11 30
12 35
13 38
14 40
15 45

th
9 9
D 9=
[
10
(15)+ 1−
10 ( )]
th
9 1
D 9=
[
10
(15)+
10 ( )]
 th
135 1
D 9= [+
10 10 ]
th
136
D 9= ( ) 10

D9=13.6 th score

 The value of D9lies between the 13th and 14th scores.

D9=13 th score+ 0.6 (14 th score−13th score)

D9=35+ 0.6 (38−3 5)

D9=35+ 0.6 (3)

D9=35+1.8

D9=36.8

 90% of the score is less than or equal to 39.8

Percentile
Pk =¿
th
25 25
P25=
[ 100
(15)+ 1−
100( )]
th
25 75
P25=
[
100
(15)+
100 ( )]
th
375 75
P25= [ +
10 10 ]
th
450
P25= ( )
100

P25=4.5th score

 The value of P25lies between the 4th and 5th score.

P25=4 th score+0. 5(5 th score−6 thscore)

P25=1 7+0. 5(1 8−1 7)

P25=1 7+0. 5(1)

P25=1 7+0.5

P25=17.5

 25% of the score is less than or equal to 17.5

th
70 70
P70=
[ 100
(15)+ 1−
100( )]
th
70 30
P70=
[
100
(15)+
100 ( )]
 th
1050 30
P70= [+
10 10 ]
th
1080
P70= ( 100 )
P70=10.8th score

 The value of P70lies between the 10th and 11th score.

P70=10 th score+0. 8(11th score−10 th score)

P70=30+0. 8(30−30)

P70=30+0. 8( 0)
P70=30

P70=30

 70% of the score is less than or equal to 30.

Quartile of Grouped Data

x f cf<
6 – 10 4 4
11 – 15 3 7
16 – 20 6 13 Q1 Class 8th and 13th score
21 – 25 5 18
26 – 30 2 20 Q2 Class 19th and 20th score
31 – 35 4 24
36 – 40 5 29
41 – 45 3 32 Q3 Class 30th and 32nd score
46 – 50 5 37
51 – 55 3 40
n = 40

n
Qk =L B +
4
( )
−cf
f qk
ci

k =1 ,2 , 3
n 40
= =10
4 4
Q1=?

Q1 Class =16−20

¿=16
LB =15.5

f qi=6

cfp=7
c .i=5

n
Q1=L B+
4
( )
−cf
f q1
ci

40
Q1=15.5+
4
( )
6
−7
5

Q 1=15.5+( 36 ) 5
5
Q =15.5+ ( )
1
2
Q1=15.5+2.5

Q1=18

Q 2=?

Q2 Class=26−30

¿=16
LB =15.5

f qi=6

cfp=7
c .i=5
2n 2( 40)
= =20
4 4

2n
Q2=L B +
4
( −cfp
f q2
ci )
( 20−18
Q 2=2 5.5+
2 )
5

2
Q =2 5.5+( ) 5
2
2

Q 2=2 5.5+ ( 1 ) 5

Q2=2 5.5+5

Q2=30.5

Q 3=?

Q3 Class=41−45

¿=41
LB =40.5

f q 3=3
cfp=29
c .i=5
3 n 3 (40)
= =30
4 4

3n
Q3=L B +
4
(−cfp
f q3
ci )
( 30−29
Q 3=40.5+
3 )
5

1
Q =40.5+( )5
3
3

5
Q =40.5+( )
3
3
Q3=40.5+1.67

Q 3=42.17

Decile of Grouped Data

k
D k = LB + (
10
n−cfp
f dk
ci )
k =1 ,2 , 3 , 4 , … . 9

x f cf<
4–9 5 5
10 – 15 2 7
16 – 21 4 11 D1 Class 8th and 12th score
22– 27 7 18
28 – 33 6 24 D4 Class 19th and 24th score
34 – 39 5 29
40 – 45 5 34
46 – 51 4 38
52 – 57 6 44 D8 Class 39th and 44nd score
58 – 63 3 47
64 - 69 3 50
n = 50

D2 = ?

D 2 Class=16−21

¿=16
LB =15.5

f d 2=4

cfp=7
c .i=6

2
D2=L B +
10
(n−cfp
f d2 )
ci

D 2=15.5+( 10−7
4 )
6

3
D =15.5+ ( ) 6
2
4

18
D =15.5+ ( )
2
4
D2=15.5+ 4.5

D2=20

D8 = ?

D 8 Class=52−57

¿=52
LB =51.5

f d 8=6

cfp=38
c .i=6

8
D8=L B +
10
(n−cfp
f d8 )
ci

D 8=51.5+( 40−38
6 )
6

2
D =51.5+ ( ) 6
8
6
D8=51.5+ 2

D8=53.5

D4 = ?

D 4 Class=28−33

¿=28
LB =27.5

f d 4 =6

cfp=18
c .i=6
 4
D4 =LB +
10
(
n−cfp
fd4
ci )
( 20−16 8 ) 6
D 4 =27.5+

2
D =27 .5+( ) 6
4
6
D4 =27 .5+2

D4 =29.5

Percentile of Grouped Data

k
Pk =L B + (
100
n−cfp
f pk
ci )
k =1 ,2 , 3 , 4 , … . 99

x f cf<
5–8 2 2
9 – 12 8 10
13 – 16 4 14 P25 Class
17– 20 6 20
21 – 24 7 27
25 – 28 5 32
29 – 32 6 38 P65 Class
33 – 36 4 42
37 – 40 2 44
41 – 44 6 50
45 - 48 5 55 P95 Class
n = 55

P25 = ?

P25 Class=13−16

¿=13
LB =12.5

f p 25=4

cfp=10
c .i=4

25
P25=LB +
100
( n−cfp
f P 25
ci )
P25=12.5+( 13.75−10
4 )4
3.75
P =12.5+ (
4 )
25 4

P25=12.5+ ( 3.75 )

P25=16.25

P65 = ?

P65 Class=29−32

¿=29
LB =28.5

f p 65=6

cfp=32
c .i=4

65
P65=LB + (
100
n−cfp
f P 65 )
ci

P65=28.5+( 35.75−32
6 )4
3.75
P =28.5+ (
6 )
65 4

15
P =28.5+ ( )
65
6
P65=28.5+2.5

P65=31

P95 = ?

P95 Class =45−49

¿=45
LB =44.5

f p 95=5

cfp=50
c .i=4

95
P95=L B+ (
100
n−cfp
f P 95 )
ci
 ( 52.25−50
P95=44.5+
5 )4
2.25
P =44.5+(
5 )
95 4

9
P =44.5+( )
95
5
P95=44.5+1.8

P95=46.3