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2.2 Learner Exceptionalities 2.1.6 - Compare Theories and Philosophies of Education and Training Impacting Learners With Exceptionalities

Major educational philosophers like Maslow, Bloom, and Gardner developed theories that impact how teachers instruct learners with exceptionalities. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is most relevant for students in poverty, as their basic needs may not be met. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is especially helpful for students with cognitive disabilities by recognizing their varied learning styles. Bloom's taxonomy also aids these students by establishing specific learning goals. To effectively teach exceptional learners, teachers should understand how different theories inform strategies to meet individual student needs.

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196 views

2.2 Learner Exceptionalities 2.1.6 - Compare Theories and Philosophies of Education and Training Impacting Learners With Exceptionalities

Major educational philosophers like Maslow, Bloom, and Gardner developed theories that impact how teachers instruct learners with exceptionalities. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is most relevant for students in poverty, as their basic needs may not be met. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is especially helpful for students with cognitive disabilities by recognizing their varied learning styles. Bloom's taxonomy also aids these students by establishing specific learning goals. To effectively teach exceptional learners, teachers should understand how different theories inform strategies to meet individual student needs.

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O’Barr 1

2.2 Learner Exceptionalities

2.1.6 - Compare theories and philosophies of education and training impacting

learners with exceptionalities.

In order for teachers to teach effectively to students with exceptionalities, they

should have an understanding of educational theories. There are some major

philosophers whose theories have affected the way that teachers teach their students.

Some of the major philosophers were Abraham Maslow, Benjamin Bloom, and Howard

Gardner, each of whom had different educational theories. These theories have varying

impacts on students who are in poverty and have a cognitive learning disability.

Students in poverty are faced with several challenges. Maslow’s hierarchy of

needs affects them the most because their needs are often not met and Maslow

determined that if needs aren't being met, then the individual would have a desire to

meet those needs before anything else. These needs are physiological, safety,

belongingness and love, esteem, and self-actualization needs (2.2.1). When a student’s

needs aren't being met, a teacher must understand that a student will put those before

their education. Maslow’s theory is more effective at helping students in poverty than

Bloom’s taxonomy because Maslow’s focuses on making sure that their needs are

being met. Bloom’s theory focuses more on creating specific goals to achieve a higher

level of thinking (2.2.1). His theory is great for exceptional learners that are identified as

gifted. However, Bloom’s theory does help students in poverty because teachers can

use his taxonomy to evaluate their understanding and the best ways to help them. If a

student is hungry, they are not coming to school ready to learn.


O’Barr 2

The theories of Maslow, Bloom and Gardner can all be applied to students with

cognitive learning disabilities like dyslexia and ADHD. Gardner’s theory improves the

learning of students with cognitive learning disabilities the most because he understood

that everyone has a different type of intelligence. Students with 504 plans and IEPs

(accommodations and goals for students with dyslexia and ADHD) all have different

ways of learning, and Gardner’s theory helps teachers recognize those different types of

learning and provide differentiated teaching and accommodations (2.2.3). An example

of this would be a teacher creating written instruction sheets for a student with ADHD

who struggles with verbal instructions (2.2.2). Bloom’s theory also helps students with

cognitive learning disabilities by creating specific goals and his taxonomy is used to

develop specific goals that encourage students to reach a more complex level of

thinking. An example of this would be when intervention specialists create 504 plans

and IEPs, they make sure to include specific goals for the student (2.2.4). Gardner’s

and Bloom’s theories are more targeted at students with cognitive learning disabilities

than Maslow’s hierarchy of needs because the hierarchy is used to evaluate basic

needs instead of educational needs.

Students of poverty and those with cognitive learning disabilities are impacted by

the theories of Maslow, Bloom, and Gardner. As a teacher, it is important to be

educated in pedagogical theories because it helps them make educated decisions on

strategies that will most help the students succeed.

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