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Homework Week 1

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Quynh Ngan Tran
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Homework Week 1

Uploaded by

Quynh Ngan Tran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADVANCED GRAMMAR C1

TUESDAY MORNING

Name: Tran Ngoc Quynh Ngan


Students’ code: 19570102920
HOMEWORK
- Week 1 -
1) Coordinating conjunctions:

 Definition:
“The conjunction is the part of speech used as a “joiner” for words, phrases, or
clauses in a particular sentence.”
 Patterns:

Pattern 1 — Connecting two main clauses

When you connect two main clauses with a coordinating conjunction, use a comma.

This is the pattern:

M AIN C LAUSE  + , + Coordinating Conjunction +  M AIN C LAUSE .

Here is an example:

While I am at work, my dog Floyd sleeps on the bed,  and my cat


Buster naps in the bathtub.

Pattern 2 — Connecting two items

You can also use a coordinating conjunction to connect any two items. These items can
be any grammatical unit except main clauses.

This is the pattern:

I TEM  + Ø + Coordinating Conjunction +  I TEM

Here are examples:

My dog Floyd has too many fleas  and too much hair.

My cat Buster has beautiful blue eyes  but a destructive personality.


ADVANCED GRAMMAR C1
TUESDAY MORNING

Pattern 3 — Connecting three or more items in a series

When you have three or more items in a series, you generally use a comma before


the coordinating conjunction. Some handbooks and style guides will tell you that this
comma is optional, but you should include it for the sake of clarity.

This is the pattern:

I TEM  + , +  I TEM  + , + Coordinating Conjunction +  I TEM

Here is an example:

Swatting olives off the kitchen counter,  dragging toilet paper


streamers through the house,  and terrorizing Jacques Cousteau, the
parakeet, have consumed another of Buster's days.

(chompchomp.com)

 How to use:

Conjuntion
Function Example Note
s
We use FOR after a
I don't like him, for he
FOR Reason(s) / Purpose(s) comma, before a
was a bully in the past.
clause
Adding one or more She likes
AND  
things/people/events… tea and coffee.
A “nor” usually follows
Indicate a negative state a “neither” when
that continues after No, I won't be there on they're used in the
NOR
something else negative Thusday nor Friday. same sentence
happens

Mickey has a
BUT Contrast  
beautiful but lazy dog.
Would you like
OR Selection  
tea or coffee?
 YET  Contrast Truong play soccer  
ADVANCED GRAMMAR C1
TUESDAY MORNING

well, yet his favorite
sport is basketball.
I prepared well in
 SO  Usually result(s) advance so I won this  
game.
(anhnguathena.vn)
2) Confusing conjunctions:

 but & yet


- They can be used as coordinating conjunctions to connect:
+ Verbs
+ Nouns
+ Phrases
+ Clauses
- The difference between them is the difference of degree:
+ BUT: contrast (not very surprising, common situations)
She’s poor, but she’s happy.
+ YET: very strong contrast (exaggerated circumstances)
She has lung cancer, yet she smokes three packs of cigarettes a day.

 because & for


- Meaning:
+ BECAUSE (subordinating conjunction): reason
I didn't go to school today because I felt ill.
+ FOR (coordinating conjunction): purpose
I didn't go to school today for I felt ill.
- Usage:
+ BECAUSE can be used to start a sentence:
Because I was very tired, I told her to leave.
+ FOR cannot be used at the beginning of the sentence:
I told her to leave, for I was very tired.
3) Oxford comma:

 What is the Oxford comma:


ADVANCED GRAMMAR C1
TUESDAY MORNING

The Oxford comma is an optional comma before the word 'and' at the end of a list:
We sell books, videos, and magazines.
It's known as the Oxford comma because it was traditionally used by printers,
readers, and editors at Oxford University Press.  Not all writers and publishers use it,
but it can clarify the meaning of a sentence when the items in a list are not single
words:
These items are available in black and white, red and yellow, and blue and green.
The Oxford comma is also known as the serial comma.
(lexico.com)

 How to use it:

1) Comma Before And in Lists


For example, let’s say your dog has so many great qualities that you just have to tell
the world. When you list your dog’s qualities, you have to use a comma after each
quality you list except the one that comes immediately before and. That comma is
optional.
The dog is young, well trained, and good natured.
The dog is young, well trained and good natured.
The sentence is correct with or without the comma before and. (There are a few
exceptions that require you to use the Oxford comma in a list, but they are pretty
rare.) Just be consistent. Don’t switch back and forth in the same document between
using the Oxford comma and not using it.
By the way, this rule only applies to lists of three or more items. You should not use
a comma before and if you’re only mentioning two qualities.
The dog is well trained, and good natured.
The dog is well trained and good natured.
This is true for proper names, ordinary nouns, verbs, or anything else.
Sam, and Sarah take excellent care of their pets.
Sam and Sarah take excellent care of their pets.
The dog barks, and plays.
The dog barks and plays.
ADVANCED GRAMMAR C1
TUESDAY MORNING

2) Comma Before And That Joins Two Independent Clauses


The word and is a conjunction, and when a conjunction joins two independent clauses,
you should use a comma with it. The proper place for the comma is before the
conjunction.
On Monday we’ll see the Eiffel Tower, and on Tuesday we’ll visit the Louvre .
The sentence above contains two independent clauses (highlighted in green), so it
requires a comma before and. (By the way, you can tell they’re independent clauses
because each one could stand on its own as a complete sentence.)
Here’s a tip: Remember, when you’re joining two independent clauses, you need
both a comma and a conjunction. If you use a comma without a conjunction, you’ll
end up with a comma splice.
Let’s look at another example.
It’s cold outside, and I can’t find my coat.
Once again, we have two independent clauses: It’s cold outside plus I can’t find my
coat. Therefore, we need a comma before and.
Don’t use a comma before and when one of the clauses it’s connecting is a dependent
clause.
Sam tossed the ball , and watched the dog chase it .
The first clause, Sam tossed the ball could stand on its own as a complete sentence,
which means it’s an independent clause. But the second clause, watched the dog
chase it, can’t stand by itself as a complete sentence. That means it’s a dependent
clause, so we should not use a comma before and.
Sam tossed the ball and watched the dog chase it.
Exceptions
But wait! There’s an exception. (Isn’t there always?) When you have two independent
clauses joined together by and, most style guides say that it’s OK to leave the comma
out as long as the two independent clauses are very short and closely connected.
Here’s an example:
Arthur cooked and Melvin cleaned.
(grammarly.com)

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