TRINITAS COLLEGE

Camalig, City of Meycauayan Bulacan

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Module 6
LESSON:
o METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA
o KINDS OF GRAPHS

OBJECTIVES:
o Define graph;
o Determine the methods of presenting data; and
o Determine the kinds of graphs

MATERIALS:
o Statistics and Probability book, pen and paper

LESSON PROPER:
o METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA
After the data have been collected and organized, these data are presented in a most coherent and
informative way. Data may be presented in tabular form, textual form, or graphical form.

I. Tabular Form
The tabular form is used when the data presented in rows or columns are arranged in an
ascending or descending range or measures. The use of statistical tables is a more effective way of
presenting data.

Examples:
Profit of Elemental Corporation from 2004 to 2011
Year Profit (million pesos)
2004 7.1
2005 10.6
2006 12.8
2007 15.1
2008 14.3
2009 16.5
2010 17.7
2011 17.8
 II. Textual Form
The textual form or paragraph form is utilized when the data to be presented are purely
qualitative. In this kind of form, the presentation of the data requires good choice of descriptive
words. The paragraph style is also used when too many figures are involved.

Example:
Profit of Elemental Corporation from 2004 to 20011
At the start of the year 2004, the profit of elemental corporation is 7.1 million pesos and reached
10.6 million in the following year. Because of the good response of the people to the product the
profit increased to 12.8 and to 15.1 million pesos in the next two consecutive years, 2006 and 2007.
In 2008, the profit went down to 14.3 due to some scarcity of the raw materials because of the
calamities that took place. During the next two years, 2009 and 2010, the company has regained
their profit that increased to 16.3 and 17.7 million respectively because of the revised system of
marketing. It maintained the increased in the following year, though minimal. With the dynamic
marketing system of the new management the company is hoping for a better increase in the next
coming years.

III. Graphic Form

The graphical form is the most popular way of presenting statistical data. The use of graphs helps
present the information condensed into any type of table.

Example:

16 15.1

14
12.8

12
10.6
10

8 7 7.1
6.9

6 5 4.7

0
Category 1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
o KINDS OF GRAPHS

Graphs or Pictorial displays are ways of presenting data in which diagrams are used to show
relationships between two or more different things.

I. Bar Graph
The figure below is a bar graph or bar chart or bar diagram. The bars can be horizontal or vertical
and usually presented in equal widths and they do not overlap.

Quarterly Income of ASIA College Insurance Plan

120

100
98.7
80 87.4 90
84.9
73.2
60 68.7
60.4 59.5 61.3

40 50.6 49

20
20.5
0
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

Luzon Visayas Mindanao

Quarterly Income of ASIA College Insurance Plan (in million pesos)

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
Luzon 60.4 87.4 90.0 98.7
Visayas 50.6 68.7 84.9 61.3
Mindanao 20.5 59.5 49.0 73.2
 II. Line Graph
A line graph shows the successive points that are connected by lines. The coordinates read from the
table locate the points. The graph below is an example of a line graph of the “Quarterly Income of
ASIA College Insurance Plan”.

98.7
Sales in million pesos

87.4 90
84.9

68.7
60.4 59.5 61.3
50.6 49

20.5

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

Luzon Visayas Mindanao

III. Pictogram
A pictogram or pictorial chart represents data with the help of symbols or pictures. All kinds of
symbols can be used. Typically, each symbol represents a definite and uniform value, but sometimes
the size of the pictorial symbol is made proportional to the values that are to be portrayed.
IV. Pie Chart
a Pie chart is a segmented circle that is amenable to portraying divisions of some aggregate provided
that there are no too many divisions. The circular pie is cut into slices by radii in such a way that the
central angles are proportional to the sizes of the divisions.
The following is an example of a pie chart.

Quarterly Income of ASIA College

Insurance Plan

15%
30% 1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
27% 3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
28%

V. 3-Dimentional Graph
Quarterly Income of ASIA College
Insurance Plan
100
3-D Bar Graph 80
60 Luzon
40
Visayas
20
0 Mindanao
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
Quarter

100

80

60

40

20 3-D Line Graph

Mindanao
0 Visayas
1st Qtr Luzon
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr

Luzon Visayas Mindanao

ACTIVITIES:

Exercise 1:
Present the data in textual and graphic forms (use any kind of graph)
Average analytical results from the 3 chemical laboratories
Laboratory
Test I II III
1 68.7 62.7 64.5
2 46.7 74.3 35.4
3 85.7 80.6 46.2
4 86.9 56.1 73.1
5 75.3 55.0 85.5