PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Daily Assignment
IIT-JAM
Home Work DPP

Indicators
REDOX INDICATOR
pH Independent Redox Indicators
Indicator E0, V Color of Color of
Oxidized form Reduced form
2,2'-bipyridine (Ru complex) +1.33 Colorless Yellow
Nitrophenanthroline (Fe complex) +1.25 Cyan Red
N-Phenylanthranilic acid +1.08 violet-red Colorless
1,10-Phenanthroline iron(II) sulfate complex +1.06 Cyan Red
(Ferroin)
N-Ethoxychrysoidine +1.00 Red Yellow
2,2`-Bipyridine (Fe complex) +0.97 Cyan Red
5,6-Dimethylphenanthroline (Fe complex) +0.97 yellow-green Red
o-Dianisidine +0.85 Red Colorless

CHEM ACADEMY
Sodium diphenylamine sulfonate
Diphenylbenzidine
Diphenylamine
+0.84
+0.76
+0.76
red-violet
Violet
Violet
Colorless
Colorless
Colorless
Viologen -0.43 Colorless blue
pH Dependent Redox Indicators

Color of
Indicator E0, V E0, V Color of
Oxidized
at pH=0 at pH=7 Reduced form
form
Sodium 2,6-Dibromophenol-
indophenol +0.64 +0.22 Blue Colorless
or Sodium 2,6-Dichlorophenol-
indophenol
Sodium o-Cresol indophenol +0.62 +0.19 Blue Colorless
Thionine (syn. Lauth's violet) +0.56 +0.06 Violet Colorless
Methylene blue +0.53 +0.01 Blue Colorless
Indigotetrasulfonic acid +0.37 -0.05 Blue Colorless
Indigotrisulfonic acid +0.33 -0.08 Blue Colorless
Indigo carmine +0.29 -0.13 Blue Colorless
(syn. Indigodisulfonic acid
Indigomono sulfonic acid +0.26 -0.16 Blue Colorless
Phenosafranin +0.28 -0.25 Red Colorless
Safranin T +0.24 -0.29 red-violet Colorless
Neutral red +0.24 -0.33 Red colorless

• North Delhi: 72, Mall Road, G.T.B. Nagar, New Delhi - 110009 • South Delhi: 28-B/7, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas,
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New Delhi - 110016 • Ph.: 011-41415514, 09136597244, 09873953006, Web.: www.chemacademy.in
ACID BASE INDICATOR
Indicator Colour change pH transition range

Acid form Base form Acid form Base form

Picric acid Colourless Yellow 0.0 1.2

Malachite green Yellow Green 0.0 2.0

Methyl violet Yellow Violet 0.1 3.2

m-Cresol purple Red Yellow 1.2 2.8

Thymol blue Red Yellow 1.2 2.8

Bromophenol blue Yellow Blue 3.0 4.6

Congo red Blue Red 3.0 5.0

Methyl orange Red Yellow 3.1 4.4

Bromocresol green Yellow Blue 3.8 5.4

Methyl red Red Yellow 4.2 6.3

Litmus Red Blue 4.5 8.3

Propyl red Red Yellow 4.6 6.4

CHEM ACADEMY
Chlorophenol red

Hematoxylin
Yellow

Yellow
Red

Red
4.8

5.0
6.4

6.0

p-Nitrophenol Colourless Yellow 5.0 7.0

Bromocresol purple Yellow Purple 5.2 6.8

Bromothymol blue Yellow Blue 6.0 7.6

Phenol red Yellow Red 6.8 8.4

m-Cresol purple Yellow Purple 7.4 9.0

Thymol blue Yellow Blue 8.0 9.6

Phenolphthalein Colourless Red 8.3 10.0

Thymolphthalein Colourless Blue 9.3 10.5

Alizarin yellow R Yellow Lavender 10.0 12.1

Alizarin blue S Green Blue 11.0 13.0

Malachite green Green Colourless 11.4 13.0

• North Delhi: 72, Mall Road, G.T.B. Nagar, New Delhi - 110009 • South Delhi: 28-B/7, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas,
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New Delhi - 110016 • Ph.: 011-41415514, 09136597244, 09873953006, Web.: www.chemacademy.in
COMPLEXOMETRIC
• Calcein with EDTA for calcium
• Curcumin for boron, although the red color change of curcumin also occurs for pH > 8.4
• Eriochrome Black T for calcium, magnesium and aluminium
• Fast Sulphon Black with EDTA for copper
• Hematoxylin for copper
• Murexide calcium and rare earths
• Xylenol orange for gallium, indium and scandium
POTENTIOMETRIC
Indicator name Reduced form Oxidized Normal potential Normal potential
colour form colour at pH 0 (V) at pH 7 (V)

Safranin T Colourless Red 0.24 -0.29

Neutral red Colourless Red 0.24 -0.33

Indigomonosulfonic acid Colourless Blue 0.26 -0.16

Phenosafranin Colourless Red 0.28 -0.25

Indigotetrasulfonic acid Colourless Blue 0.36 -0.05

Methylene blue Colourless Green-blue 0.36 ???

Nile blue CHEM ACADEMY Colourless Blue 0.41 ???

Benzidine Colourless Blue 0.92 ???

Variamine blue B Colourless Blue 0.69 ???

Dipehnylbenzidine Colourless Violet 0.76 TS

Diphenylamine sulfonic acid Colourless Red-violet 0.85 TS

Erioglaucine A Green Red 1.00 ???

p-ethoxychrysoidine Red Light yellow 1.00 TS

Setoglaucine Yellow-green Light red 1.06 ???

p-Nitrodiphenylamine Colourless Violet 1.06 ???

Ferroin Red Light blue 1.06 ???

5-Nitroferroin Red-violet Light blue 1.25 ???

2,2´-Bipyridine (Ru complex) Colourless Yellow 1.33 TS

• North Delhi: 72, Mall Road, G.T.B. Nagar, New Delhi - 110009 • South Delhi: 28-B/7, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas,
3
New Delhi - 110016 • Ph.: 011-41415514, 09136597244, 09873953006, Web.: www.chemacademy.in