Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths

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Book Name: Selina Concise

EXERCISE 6 (A)

Question 1:
The produce of two consecutive integers is 56. Find the integers.
Solution 1:
Let the two consecutive integers be x and x + 1.
From the given information,
x (x + 1) = 56
x2 + x − 56 = 0
(x + 8) (x − 7) = 0
x = − 8 or 7
Thus, the required integers are − 8 and −7; 7 and 8.

Question 2:
The sum of the squares of two consecutive natural numbers is 41. Find the numbers.
Solution 2:
Let the numbers be x and x + 1.
From the given information,
x2 + (x + 1)2 = 41
2x2 + 2x + 1 − 41 = 0
x2 + x − 20 = 0
(x + 5) (x − 4) = 0
x = − 5, 4
But, − 5 is not a natural number. So, x = 4.
Thus, the numbers are 4 and 5.

Question 3:
Find the two natural numbers which differ by 5 and the sum of whose squares is 97.
Solution 3:
Let the two numbers be x and x + 5.
From the given information,
x2 + (x + 5)2 = 97
2x2 + 10x + 25 − 97 = 0
2x2 + 10x − 72 = 0
x2 + 5x − 36 = 0
(x + 9) (x − 4) = 0

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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x = − 9 or 4
Since, − 9 is not a natural number. So, x = 4.
Thus, the numbers are 4 and 9.

Question 4:
The sum of a number and its reciprocal is 4.25. Find the number.
Solution 4:
1
Let the numbers be x and 𝑥
From the given information,
1
X + 𝑥 = 4.25
𝑥2+ 1 425 17
= =
𝑥 100 4
4x2 − 17x + 4 = 0
4x2 − 16x − x + 4 = 0
4x (x – 4 )−1(x − 4) = 0
(x − 4) (4x − 1) = 0
1
X = 4, 4
X=4⇒x=4
1
Thus, the numbers are 4 and 4

Question 5:
7
Two natural numbers differ by 3. Find the numbers, if the sum of their reciprocals is .
10
Solution 5:
Let the numbers be x and x + 3.
From the given information,
1 1 7
+ =
𝑥 𝑥+3 10
𝑥+3+𝑥 7
=
𝑥 (𝑥 + 3) 10
2𝑥 + 3 7
=
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 10
20x + 30 = 7x2 + 21x
7x2 + x – 30 = 0
7x2 – 14x + 15x – 30 = 0
7x (x – 2) + 15 (x – 2) = 0
(x – 2) (7x + 15) = 0

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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− 15
X = 2, 7
Since, x is a natural number, so x = 2.
Thus, the numbers are 2 and 5.

Question 6:
3
Divide 15 into two parts such that the sum of their reciprocals is 10 .
Solution 6:
Let the two parts be x and x − 15.
1 1 3
+ =
𝑥 15 − 𝑥 10
15 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 3
=
𝑥(15 − 𝑥) 10
15 3
=
15𝑥 − 𝑥 2 10
150 = 45x – 3x2
3x2 -45x+150=0
x2 − 15x + 50 = 0
(x – 5) (x – 10) = 0
X = 5, 10
x = 5 ⟹ One part = 5 and other part = 10
x = 10 ⟹ One part = 10 and other part = 5
Thus, the required two parts are 5 and 10.

Question 7:
The sum of the squares of two positive integers is 208. If the square of the larger number
is 18 times the smaller number, find the numbers.
Solution 7:
Let the two numbers be x and y, y being the bigger number. From the given information,
x2 + y2 = 208 ..... (i)
y2 = 18x ..... (ii)
From (i), we get y2 = 208 − x2. Putting this in (ii), we get,
208 − x2 = 18x
⇒ x2 + 18x − 208 = 0
⇒ x2 + 26x – 8x − 208 = 0
⇒ x(x + 26) − 8(x + 26) = 0
⇒ (x − 8)(x + 26) = 0
⇒ x can't be a negative number, hence x = 8

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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⇒ Putting x = 8 in (ii), we get y2 = 18 x 8 = 144

⇒ y = 12, since y is a positive integer
Hence, the two numbers are 8 and 12.

Question 8:
The sum of the squares of two consecutive positive even numbers is 52. Find the
numbers.
Solution 8:
Let the consecutive positive even numbers be x and x + 2.
From the given information,
x2 + (x + 2)2 = 52
2x2 + 4x + 4 = 52
2x2 + 4x − 48 = 0
x2 + 2x − 24 = 0
(x + 6) (x − 4) = 0
x = − 6, 4
Since, the numbers are positive, so x = 4.
Thus, the numbers are 4 and 6.

Question 9:
Find two consecutive positive odd numbers, the sum of whose squares if 74.
Solution 9:
Let the consecutive positive odd numbers be x and x + 2.
From the given information,
x2 + (x + 2)2 = 74
2x2 + 4x + 4 = 74
2x2 + 4x − 70 = 0
x2 + 2x − 35 = 0
(x + 7)(x − 5) = 0
x = −7, 5
Since, the numbers are positive, so, x = 5.
Thus, the numbers are 5 and 7.

Question 10:
The denominator of a positive fraction is one more than twice the numerator. If the sum
of the fraction and its reciprocal is 2.9; Find the fraction.

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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Solution 10:
𝑥
Let the required fraction be 2𝑥 + 1
From the given information,
𝑥 2𝑥 + 1
+ = 2.9
2𝑥 + 1 𝑥
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 2 + 1 + 4𝑥 29
=
𝑥(2𝑥 + 1) 10

5𝑥 2 + 1 + 4𝑥 29
2
=
2𝑥 + 𝑥 10
50x2 + 10 + 40x = 58x2 + 29x
8x2 – 11x – 10 = 0
11 ± √121 + 320
X= 16
11 ± 21
X= 16
5
X = 2, − 8
2
Thus, the required fraction is 5

Question 11:
1 1 1
Three positive numbers are in the ratio ∶ ∶ 4. Find the numbers if the sum of their
2 3
squares is 244.
Solution 11:
1 1 1
Given, three positive numbers are in the ratio 2 ∶ ∶ = 6: 4: 3
3 4
Let the numbers be 6x, 4x and 3x.
From the given information,
(6x)2 + (4x)2 + (3x)2 = 244
36x2 + 16x2 + 9x2 = 244
61x2 = 244
x2 = 4
x=±2
Since, the numbers are positive, so x = 2.
Thus, the numbers are 12, 8 and 6.

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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Question 12:
Divide 20 into two parts such that three times the square of one part exceeds the other
part by 10.
Solution 12:
Let the two parts be x and y.
From the given information,
x + y = 20 ⟹y = 20 − x
3x2 = (20 − x) + 10
3x2 = 30 − x
3x2 + x − 30 = 0
3x2 − 9x + 10x − 30 = 0
3x(x − 3) + 10(x - 3) = 0
(x - 3) (3x + 10) = 0
− 10
x = 3,
3
− 10
Since, x cannot be equal to, 3 so, x = 3.
Thus, one part is 3 and other part is 20 − 3 = 17.

Question 13:
Three consecutive natural numbers are such that the square of the middle numbers
exceeds the difference of the squares of the other two by 60.
Solution 13:
Let the numbers be x−1, x and x + 1.
From the given information,
x2 = (x + 1)2 − (x − 1)2 + 60
x2 = x2 + 1 + 2x − x2 − 1 + 2x + 60
x2 = 4x + 60
x2 − 4x − 60 = 0
(x − 10) (x + 6) = 0
x = 10, − 6
Since, x is a natural number, so x = 10.
Thus, the three numbers are 9, 10 and 11.

Question 14:
Out of three consecutive positive integers, the middle number is p. If three times the
square of the largest is greater than the sum of the squares of the other two numbers
by 67; calculate the value of p.

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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Solution 14:
Let the numbers be p − 1, p and p + 1.
From the given information,
3(p + 1)2 = (p − 1)2 + p2 + 67
3p2 + 6p + 3 = p2 + 1 − 2p + p2 + 67
p2 + 8p − 65 = 0
(p + 13)(p − 5) = 0
p = −13, 5
Since, the numbers are positive so p cannot be equal to −13.
Thus, p = 5.

Question 15:
A can do a piece of work in ‘x’ days and B can do the same work in (x + 16) days. If
both working together can do it in 15 days; calculate ‘x’.
Solution 15:
1
Work done by A in one day = 𝑥
1
Work done by B in one day = 𝑥 + 16
Together A and B can do the work in 15 days. Therefore, we have:
1 1 1
+ =
𝑥 𝑥 + 16 15
𝑥 + 16 + 𝑥 1
=
𝑥(𝑥 + 16) 15
2𝑥 + 16 1
=
𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 15
30x + 240 = x2 + 16x
x2 – 14x – 240 = 0
(x – 24) (x + 10) = 0
X = 24, − 10
Since, x cannot be negative
Thus, x = 24.

Question 16:
One pipe can fill a cistern in 3 hours less than the other. The two pipes together can fill
the cistern in 6 hours 40 minutes. Find the time that each pipe will take to fill the cistern.

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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Solution 16:
Let one pipe fill the cistern in x hours and the other fills it in (x - 3) hours.
Given that the two pipes together can fill the cistern in 6 hours 40 minutes,
40 2
i.e.,6 60 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 = 6 3 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
1 1 3
+ =
𝑥 𝑥 − 3 20
𝑥−3+𝑥 3
=
𝑥(𝑥 − 3) 20
2𝑥 − 3 3
2
=
𝑥 − 3𝑥 20
40x – 60 = 3x2 – 9x
3x2 – 49x + 60 = 0
3x2 – 45x − 4x + 60 = 0
3x(x – 15) – 4 (x – 15) = 0
(x – 15) (3x – 4) = 0
4
X = 15, 3
4 4 4−9 −5
If x = 3, then x – 3 = 3 − 3 = 3 = 3 , which is not possible
So, x = 15
Thus, one pipe fill the cistern in 15 hours and the other fills in (x − 3) = 15 − 3 = 12
hours.

Question 17:
A positive number is divided into two parts such that the sum of the squares of the two
parts is 20. The square of the larger part is 8 times the smaller part. Taking x as the
smaller part of the two parts, find the number.
Solution 17:
Let the smaller part be x.
Then, (larger part)2 = 8x
\ larger part = √8𝑥
Now, the sum of the squares of both the terms is given to be 208
x2 + (√8𝑥)2 = 20
⇒ x2 + 8x = 20
⇒ x2 + 8x – 20 = 0
⇒ x2 – 2x + 10x − 20 = 0
⇒ x(x – 2) + 10 (x – 2) = 0
⇒ (x – 2) (x + 10) = 0
⇒ x = 2, − 10

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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X = − 10 is rejected as it is negative
∴x=2
Smaller part = 2
Larger part = √8 ×2 = 4
Thus, the required number is 2 + 4 = 6.

EXERCISE. 6 (B)

Question 1:
The sides of a right – angled triangle containing the right angle are 4x cm and
(2x – 1) cm. if the area of the triangle is 30 cm2, calculate the lengths of its sides.
Solution 1:

Area of triangle = 30 cm2

1
∴ 2 × (4x) × (2x – 1 = 30
2x2 – x = 15
2x2 – x – 15 = 0
2x2 – 6x + 5x − 15 = 0
2x(x −3) + 5 (x – 3) = 0
(x – 3)(2x + 5) = 0
−5
X = 3, 2
But, x cannot be negative, so x = 3.
Thus, we have:
AB = 4 × 3 cm = 12 cm
BC = (2 ×3 − 1) cm = 5 cm
CA = √122 + 52 cm = 13cm (Using Pythagoras theorem).

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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Question 2:
The hypotenuse of a right – angles triangle is 26cm and the sum of other two sides is
34 cm. Find the lengths of its sides.
Solution 2:
Hypotenuse = 26 cm
The sum of other two sides is 34 cm.
So, let the other two sides be x cm and (34 − x) cm.
Using Pythagoras theorem,
(26)2 = x2 + (34 − x)2
676 = x2 + x2 + 1156 − 68x
2x2 − 68x + 480 = 0
x2 − 34x + 240 = 0
x2 − 10x − 24x + 240 = 0
x(x − 10) − 24(x − 10) = 0
(x − 10) (x − 24) = 0
x = 10, 24
When x = 10, (34 − x) = 24
When x = 24, (34 − x) = 10
Thus, the lengths the three sides of the right-angled triangle are 10 cm, 24 cm and 26
cm.

Question 3:
The sides of a right- angled triangle are (x – 1) cm, 3x cm and (3x + 1) cm. Find:
(i) the value of x,
(ii) the lengths of its sides,
(iii) its area.
Solution 3:
Longer side = Hypotenuse = (3x + 1) cm
Lengths of other two sides are (x − 1) cm and 3x cm.
Using Pythagoras theorem,
(3x + 1)2 = (x − 1)2 + (3x)2
9x2 + 1 + 6x = x2 + 1 − 2x + 9x2
x2 − 8x = 0
x(x − 8) = 0
x = 0, 8
But, if x = 0, then one side = 3x = 0, which is not possible.
So, x = 8
Thus, the lengths of the sides of the triangle are (x − 1) cm = 7 cm, 3x cm = 24 cm and
(3x + 1) cm = 25 cm.
1
Area of the triangle = 2 ×7 𝑐𝑚 ×24 𝑐𝑚 = 84 𝑐𝑚2

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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Question 4:
The hypotenuse of a right – angled triangle exceeds one side by 1 cm and the other
side by 18 cm, find the lengths of the sides of the triangle.
Solution 4:
Let one hypotenuse of the triangle be x cm.
From the given information,
Length of one side = (x − 1) cm
Length of other side = (x − 18) cm
Using Pythagoras theorem,
x2 = (x − 1)2 + (x − 18)2
x2 = x2 + 1 − 2x + x2 + 324 − 36x
x2 − 38x + 325 = 0
x2 − 13x − 25x + 325 = 0
x(x − 13) − 25(x − 13) = 0
(x − 13) (x − 25) = 0
x = 13, 25, When x = 13, x − 18 = 13 − 18 = − 5, which being negative, is not possible.
So, x = 25
Thus, the lengths of the sides of the triangle are x = 25 cm, (x−1) = 24 cm and (x−18)
= 7 cm.

Question 5:
The diagonal of a rectangle is 60 m more than its shorter side and the larger side is 30
m more than the shorter side. Find the sides of the rectangle.
Solution 5:

Let the shorter side be x m.

Length of the other side = (x + 30) m
Length of hypotenuse = (x + 60) m
Using Pythagoras theorem,
(x + 60)2 = x2 + (x + 30)2
x2 + 3600 + 120x = x2 + x2 + 900 + 60x
x2 − 60x − 2700 = 0
x2 − 90x + 30x − 2700 = 0

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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x(x − 90) + 30(x − 90) = 0

(x − 90) (x + 30) = 0
x = 90, − 30
But, x cannot be negative. So, x = 90.
Thus, the sides of the rectangle are 90 m and (90 + 30) m = 120 m.

Question 6:
The perimeter of a rectangle is 104 m and its area is 640 m2. Find its length and breadth.
Solution 6:
Let the length and the breadth of the rectangle be x m and y m.
Perimeter = 2(x + y) m
∴ 104 = 2(x + y)
x + y = 52
y = 52 − x
Area = 640 m2
∴ xy = 640
x(52 − x) = 640
x2 − 52x + 640 = 0
x2 − 32x − 20x + 640 = 0
x(x − 32) − 20 (x − 32) = 0
(x − 32) (x − 20) = 0
x = 32, 20
When x = 32, y = 52 − 32 = 20
When x = 20, y = 52 − 20 = 32
Thus, the length and breadth of the rectangle are 32 cm and 20 cm.

Question 7:
A footpath of uniform width runs round the inside of a rectangular field 32 m long and
24 m wide. If the path occupies 208 m2, find the width of the footh path.
Solution 7:
Let w be the width of the foot path.

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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Area of the path = Area of outer rectangle - Area of inner rectangle

∴ 208 = (32)(24) − (32 − 2w)(24 − 2w)
208 = 768 − 768 + 64w + 48w − 4w2
4w2 − 112w + 208 = 0
w2 − 28w + 52 = 0
w2 − 26w − 2w + 52 = 0
w(w − 26) − 2(w − 26) = 0
(w − 26) (w − 2) = 0
w = 26, 2
If w = 26, then breadth of inner rectangle = (24 − 52) m = −28 m, which is not
possible.
Hence, the width of the footpath is 2 m.

Question 8:
Two squares have sides x cm and (x + 4) cm. The sum of their areas is 656 sq. cm.
express this as an algebraic equation in x and solve the equation to find the sides of
the squares.
Solution 8:
Given that, two squares have sides x cm and (x + 4) cm.
Sum of their area = 656 cm2
∴ x2 + (x + 4)2 = 656
x2 + x2 + 16 + 8x = 656
2x2 + 8x - 640 = 0
x2 + 4x − 320 = 0
x2 + 20x − 16x - 320 = 0
x(x + 20) − 16(x + 20) = 0
(x + 20) (x − 16) = 0
x = − 20, 16
But, x being side, cannot be negative.
So, x = 16
Thus, the sides of the two squares are 16 cm and 20 cm.

Question 9:
The dimensions of a rectangular field are 50 m by 40 m. A flower bed is prepared inside
this field leaving a gravel path of uniform width all around the flower bed and gravelling
the path at Rs. 30 and Rs. 20 per square metre, respectively, is Rs. 52,000. Find the
width of the gravel path.

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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Solution 9:
Let the width of the gravel path be w m.
Length of the rectangular field = 50 m
Breadth of the rectangular field = 40 m
Let the length and breadth of the flower bed be x m and y m respectively.

Therefore, we have:
x + 2w = 50 ... (1)
y + 2w = 40 ... (2)

Also, area of rectangular field = 50 m × 40 m = 2000 m2

Area of the flower bed = xy m2

Area of gravel path = Area of rectangular field - Area of flower bed = (2000 - xy) m2

Cost of laying flower bed + Gravel path = Area × cost of laying per sq. m
∴ 52000 = 30 × xy + 20 × (2000 − xy)
52000 = 10xy + 40000
xy = 1200
Using (1) and (2), we have:
(50 − 2w) (40 − 2w) = 1200
2000 − 180w + 4w2 = 1200
4w2 − 180w + 800 = 0
w2 − 45w + 200 = 0
w2 − 5w − 40w + 200 = 0
w(w − 5) − 40(w − 5) = 0
(w − 5) (w − 40) = 0
w = 5, 40

If w = 40, then x = 50 − 2w = − 30, which is not possible.

Thus, the width of the gravel path is 5 m.

Question 10:
An area is paved with square tiles of a certain size and the number required is 128. If
the tiles has been 2 cm smaller each way, 200 tiles would have been needed to pave
the same area. Find the size of the larger tiles.
Solution 10:
Let the size of the larger tiles be x cm.
Area of larger tiles = x2 cm2
Number of larger tiles required to pave an area is 128.
So, the area needed to be paved = 128 x2 cm2 ... (1)

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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Size of smaller tiles = (x − 2)cm

Area of smaller tiles = (x − 2)2 cm2
Number of larger tiles required to pave an area is 200.
So, the area needed to be paved = 200 (x − 2)2 cm2.... (2)

Therefore, from (1) and (2), we have:

128 x2 = 200 (x − 2)2
128 x2 = 200x2 + 800 - 800x
72x2 − 800x + 800 = 0
9x2 − 100x + 100 = 0
9x2 − 90x − 10x + 100 = 0
9x(x − 10) − 10(x − 10) = 0
(x − 10)(9x − 10) = 0
10
x = 10, 9
10 10 10−18 −8
If x = , then x – 2 = −2= = which is not possible.
9 9 9 9

Hence, the size of the larger tiles is 10 cm.

Question 11:
A farmer has 70 m of fencing, with which he encloses three sides of a rectangular sheep
pen; the fourth side being a wall. If the area of the pen is 600 sq. m, find the length of
its shorter side.
Solution 11:
Let the length and breadth of the rectangular sheep pen be x and y respectively.
From the given information,
x + y + x = 70
2x + y = 70 ... (1)

Also, area = xy = 600

Using (1), we have:
x (70 − 2x) = 600
70x − 2x2 = 600
2x2 − 70x + 600 = 0
x2 − 35x + 300 = 0
x2 − 15x - 20x + 300 = 0
x(x − 15) − 20(x − 15) = 0
(x − 15)(x − 20) = 0
x = 15, 20
If x = 15, then y = 70 - 2x = 70 − 30 = 40
If x = 20, then y = 70 − 2x = 70 − 40 = 30

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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Thus, the length of the shorter side is 15 m when the longer side is 40 m. The length
of the shorter side is 20 m when the longer side is 30 m.

Question 12:
A square lawn is bounded on three sides by a path 4 m wide. If the area of the path is
7
that of the lawn, find the dimensions of the lawn.
8
Solution 12:
Let the side of the square lawn be x m.
Area of the square lawn = x2 m2
The square lawn is bounded on three sides by a path which is 4 m wide.

Area of outer rectangle = (x + 4) (x + 8) = x2 + 12x + 32

Area of path = x2 + 12x + 32 − x2 = 12x + 32
From the given information, we have:
7
12x + 32 = 8 𝑥 2
96x + 256 = 7x2
7x2 – 96x – 256 = 0
7x2 – 112x + 16x − 256 = 0
7x(x – 16)+16 (7x + 16) = 0
(x-16) (7x+16) = 0
− 16
X = 16, 7
Since, x cannot be negative. So, x = 16 m.
Thus, each side of the square lawn is 16 m.

Question 13:
The area of a big rectangular room is 300 m2. If the length were decreased by 5 m and
the breadth increased by 5 m; the area would be unaltered. Find the length of the room.
Solution 13:
Let the original length and breadth of the rectangular room be x m and y m respectively.

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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Area of the rectangular room = xy = 300

300
⟹ y = 𝑥 ……… (1)
New length = (x − 5) m
New breadth = (y + 5) m
New area = (x − 5) (y + 5) = 300 (given)
Using (1), we have:
300
(x – 5) ( 𝑥 + 5) = 300
1500
300 + 5x − − 25 = 300
x
1500
5x − 𝑥 − 25 = 0
5x2 – 25x – 1500 = 0
x2 – 5x – 300 = 0
x2 – 20x + 15x – 300 = 0
x(x – 20) + 15 (x – 20) = 0
(x – 20) (x + 15) = 0
X = 20, − 15
But, x cannot be negative. So, x = 20.
Thus, the length of the room is 20 m.

EXERCISE. 6 (C)

Question 1:
The speed of an ordinary train is x km per hr and that of an express train is (x + 25) km
per hr.
(i) Find the time taken by each train to cover 300 km.
(ii) If the ordinary train takes 2 hrs more than the express train; calculate speed of the
express train.
Solution 1:
(i) Speed of ordinary train = x km/hr
Speed of express train = (x + 25) km/hr
Distance = 300 km
We know:
𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
Time = 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅
300
∴ Time taken by ordinary train to cover 300 km = hrs
𝑥
300
Time taken by express train to cover 300 km = 𝑥 + 25 hrs
(ii) Given that the ordinary train takes 2 hours more than the express train to cover the
distance.
Therefore,

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300 300
− =2
𝑥 𝑥 + 25
300𝑥+7500−300𝑥
=2
𝑥(𝑥+25)
7500 = 2x2 + 50x
2x2 + 50x – 7500 = 0
x2 + 25x – 3750 = 0
x2 + 75x – 50x – 3750 = 0
x(x + 75) – 50 (x + 75) = 0
(x + 75) (x – 50) = 0
X = − 75, 50
But speed cannot be negative. so, x = 50.
∴ speed of the express train = (x + 25) km/hr = 75 km/hr.

Question 2:
If the speed of a car is increased by 10 km per hr. It takes 18 minutes less to cover a
distance of 36 km. Find the speed of the car.
Solution 2:
Let the speed of the car be x km/hr.
Distance = 36 km
36
Time taken to cover a distance of 36 km = 𝑥 hrs
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
(Time = )
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
New speed of the car = (x + 10) km/hr
36
New time taken by the car to cover a distance of 36 km = 𝑥 + 10 hrs
From the given information, we have:
36 36 18
− =
𝑥 𝑥 + 10 60
36𝑥 + 360 − 36𝑥 3
= 10
𝑥(𝑥 + 10)
360 3
=
𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 10
120 1
𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 10
X2 + 10x – 1200 = 0
(x + 40) (x – 30) = 0
X = − 40, 30
But, speed cannot be negative. So, x = 30.
Hence, the original speed of the car is 30 km/hr.

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Question 3:
If the speed of an aeroplane is reduced by 40 km per hr, it takes 20 minutes more to
cover 1200 km. Find the speed of the aeroplane.
Solution 3:
Let the original speed of the aeroplane be x km/hr.
1200
Time taken to cover a distance of 1200 km = 𝑥 hrs
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
(Time = )
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑

Let the new speed of the aeroplane be (x - 40) km/hr.

1200
Time taken to cover a distance of 1200 km = 𝑥 − 40 hrs
From the given information, we have:
1200 20 1200
− =
𝑥 − 40 60 𝑥
1200 1200 20
− =
𝑥 − 40 𝑥 60
1200 − 1200𝑥 + 48000 1
=
𝑥(𝑥 − 40) 3
x(x – 40) = 48000 × 3
x2 – 40x – 144000 = 0
x2 – 400x + 360x – 144000 = 0
x(x – 400) + 360 (x – 400) = 0
(x – 400)(x + 360) = 0
X = 400, − 360
But, speed cannot be negative. So, x = 400.
Thus, the original speed of the aeroplane is 400 km/hr.

Question 4:
A car covers a distance of 400 km at a certain speed. Had the speed been 12 km/h
more, the time taken for the journey would have been 1 hour 40 minutes less. Find the
original speed of the car.
Solution 4:
Let x km/h be the original speed of the car.
We know that,
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Time = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
It is given that the car covers a distance of 400 km with the speed of x km/h.

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Thus, the time taken by the car to complete 400 km is

400
t= 𝑥
Now, the speed is increased by 12 km.
Increased speed = (x + 12) Km/h
Also given that, increasing the speed of the car will decrease the time taken by 1 hour
40 minutes.

Hence,
400 400
− 𝑥+12 = 1 hour 40 minutes
𝑥
400 400 40
⇒ − =1
𝑥 𝑥 + 12 60
400 (𝑥 + 12) − 400𝑥
⇒
𝑥 ( +12)
400𝑥 + 4800 −400𝑥 2
⇒ =13
𝑥(𝑥 + 12)
4800 5
⇒ 𝑥(𝑥+12) = 3
⇒ 3 × 4800 = 5 × x × (x + 12)
⇒ 14400 = 5x2 + 60x
⇒ 5x2 + 60x – 14400 = 0
⇒ x2 + 12x – 2880 = 0
⇒ x2 + 60x – 48x − 2880 = 0
⇒ x(x + 60) -48 (x + 60) = 0
⇒ x(x + 60) (x – 48) = 0
⇒ x + 60 = 0 Or x – 48 = 0
⇒ x = − 60 Or x = 48
Since speed cannot be negative, the original
Speed of the car is 48 km/ h.

Question 5:
A girl goes to her friend’s house, which is at a distance of 12 km. she covers half of the
distance at a speed of x km/hr. and the remaining distance at a speed of (x + 2) km/hr.
If she takes 2 hrs 30 minutes to cover the whole distance, find ‘x’.
Solution 5:
We know:
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Time = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
Given, the girl covers a distance of 6 km at a speed x km/ hr.
6
Time taken to cover first 6 km = 𝑥
Also, the girl covers the remaining 6 km distance at a speed (x + 2) km/ hr.
6
Time taken to cover next 6 km = 𝑥+2

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30 1 5
Total time taken to cover the whole distance = 2 hrs 30 mins = 2 60 = 22 = 2 hrs
6 6 5
∴𝑥+ =
𝑥+2 2

6𝑥 + 12 + 6𝑥 5
=
𝑥(𝑥 + 2) 2
12+12𝑥 5
=2
𝑥 2 +2𝑥

24 + 24x = 5x2 + 10x

5x2 – 14x – 24 = 0
5x2 – 20x + 6x – 24 = 0
5x(x – 4) + 6 (x – 4) = 0
(5x + 6) (x – 4) = 0
−6
X = 5 ,4
Since, speed cannot be negative. Therefore, x = 4.

Question 6:
A car made a run of 390 km in ‘x’ hours. If the speed hs been 4 km/hour more, it would
have taken 2 hours less for the journey. Find ‘x’.
Solution 6:
Let the original speed of the car be y km/ hr
We know
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Speed = 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
390
∴y= 𝑥
390
⇒x= ….. (1)
𝑦
New speed of the car = (y + 4) km/hr
390
New time taken by the car to cover 390 km = 𝑦+4
From the given information,
390 390
− =2
𝑦 𝑦+4
390𝑦+1560−390𝑦
=2
𝑦(𝑦+4)
780
=1
𝑦 2 + 4𝑦
y2 + 4y – 780 = 0
y2 + 30y – 26y – 780 = 0
y(y + 30) – 26( y + 30) = 0
(y + 30)(y – 26) = 0
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y = − 30, 26
since, time cannot be negative, so y = 26
From (1), we have:
390 390
X = 𝑦 = 26 = 15

Question 7:
A goods train leaves a station at 6 p.m., followed by an express train which leaves at 8
p.m. and travels 20 km/ hour faster than the goods train. The express train arrives at a
station, 1040 km away, 36 minutes before the goods train. Assuming that the speeds
of both the trains remain constant between the two stations; calculate their speeds.
Solution 7:
Let the speed of goods train be x km/hr. So, the speed of express train will be (x + 20)
km/hr.
Distance = 1040 km
We know:
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Time = 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
1040
Time taken by goods train to cover a distance of 1040 km = hrs
𝑥
1040
Time taken by express train to cover a distance of 1040 km = 𝑥 + 20 hrs
It is given that the express train arrives at a station 36 minutes before the goods train.
Also, the express train leaves the station 2 hours after the goods train. This means
36 13
that the express train arrives at the station (60 + 2) 𝐻𝑟𝑠 = 5 hrs before the goods
train.
Therefore, we have:
1040 1040 13
− =
𝑥 𝑥 + 20 5
1040𝑥 + 20800 − 1040𝑥 13
=
𝑥(𝑥 + 20) 5
20800 13
2
=
𝑥 + 20𝑥 5
1600 1
=
𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 5
X2 + 20x – 8000 = 0
(x – 80) (x + 100) = 0
X = 80, − 100
Since, the speed cannot be negative. So, x = 80.

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Thus, the speed of goods train is 80 km/hr and the speed of express train is 100 km/hr.

Question 8:
A man bought an article for Rs. x and sold it for Rs. 16. If his loss was x per cent, find
the cost price of the article.
Solution 8:
C.P. of the article = Rs x
S.P. of the article = Rs 16
Loss = Rs (x − 16)
We know:
𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠
Loss% = 𝐶.𝑃 ×100
𝑥−16
∴ x = 𝑥 × 100
X2 – 100x + 1600 = 0
(x – 80) (x – 20) = 0
X = 80, 20
Thus, the cost price of the article is Rs. 20 Or Rs. 80

Question 9:
A trader bought an article for Rs. x and sold it for Rs. 52, thereby making a profit of (x
– 10) per cent on his outlay. Calculate the cost price.
Solution 9:
C.P. of the article = Rs x
S.P. of the article = Rs 52
Loss = Rs (52 − x)
We know:
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡
Profit % = 𝐶.𝑃 ×100
52 − 𝑥
∴ x – 10 = 𝑥 × 100
X2 – 10x = 5200 – 100x
X2 + 90x – 5200 = 0
(x + 130) (x – 40) = 0
X = −130, 40
Since, C.P. cannot be negative. So, x = 40.
Thus, the cost price of the article is Rs 40.

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Question 10:
By selling a chair for Rs. 75, Mohan gained as much per cent as its cost. Calculate the
cost of the chair.
Solution 10:
Let the C.P. of the chair be Rs x
S.P. of chair = Rs 75
Profit = Rs (75 − x)
We know:
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡
Profit % = 𝐶.𝑃 ×100
75 −𝑥
∴ x = 𝑥 ×100
X2 = 7500 – 100x
X2 + 100x − 7500 = 0
(x + 150) (x – 50) = 0
X = −150, 50
But, C.P. cannot be negative. So, x = 50.
Hence, the cost of the chair is Rs 50.

EXERCISE 6 (D)

Question 1:
The sum S of n successive odd numbers starting from 3 is given by the relation: S =
n(n + 2). Determine n, if the sun is 168.
Solution 1:
From the given information, we have:
n (n + 2) = 168
n2 + 2n − 168 = 0
n2 + 14n − 12n − 168 = 0
n(n + 14) − 12(n + 14) = 0
(n + 14) (n − 12) = 0
n = −14, 12
But, n cannot be negative.
Therefore, n = 12.

Question 2:
A stone is thrown vertically downwards and the formula d = 16t2 + 4t gives the distance,
d meters, that it falls in t seconds. How long does it take to fall 420 metres?
Solution 2:
From the given information,
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16t2 + 4t = 420
4t2 + t − 105 = 0
4t2 − 20t + 21t − 105 = 0
4t(t − 5) + 21(t − 5) = 0
(4t + 21)(t − 5) = 0
21
t=− 4 ,5
But, time cannot be negative.
Thus, the required time taken is 5 seconds.

Question 3:
The product of the digits of a two digit number is 24. If its unit’s digit exceeds twice its
ten’s digit by 2; find the number.
Solution 3:
Let the ten's and unit's digit of the required number be x and y respectively.
From the given information,
X × y = 24
24
Y = 𝑥 ……… (1)
Also, y = 2x + 2
24
= 2𝑥 + 2 [using (1)]
𝑥
24 = 2x2 + 2x
2x2 + 2x – 24 = 0
X2 + x – 12 = 0
(x + 4) (x – 3) = 0
X = −4, 3
The digit of a number cannot be negative, so x = 3
24
∴y= 3 =8
Thus, the required number is 38.

Question 4:
The ages of two sisters are 11 years and 14 years. In how many years’ time will the
product of their ages be 304?
Solution 4:
The ages of two sisters are 11 years and 14 years.
Let in x number of years the product of their ages be 304.
∴ (11 + x)(14 + x) = 304
154 + 11x + 14x + x2 = 304
X2 + 25x – 150 = 0

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(x + 30) (x – 5) = 0
X = − 30, 5
But, the number of years cannot be negative. So, x = 5.
Hence, the required number of years is 5 years.

Question 5:
One year ago, a man was 8 times as old as his son. Now his age is equal to the square
of his son’s age. Find their present ages.
Solution 5:
Let the present age of the son be x years.
∴ Present age of man = x2 years
One year ago,
Son's age = (x − 1) years
Man's age = (x2 − 1) years
It is given that one year ago; a man was 8 times as old as his son.
∴ (x2 − 1) = 8(x − 1)
x2 − 8x − 1 + 8 = 0
x2 − 8x + 7 = 0
(x − 7) (x − 1) = 0
x = 7, 1
If x = 1, then x2 = 1, which is not possible as father's age cannot be equal to son's age.
So, x = 7.
Present age of son = x years = 7 years
Present age of man = x2 years = 49 years.

Question 6:
The age of a father is twice the square of the age of his son. Eight years hence, the age
of the father will be 4 years more than three times the age of the son. Find their present
ages.
Solution 6:
Let the present age of the son be x years.
∴ Present age of father = 2x2 years
Eight years hence,
Son's age = (x + 8) years
Father's age = (2x2 + 8) years
It is given that eight years hence, the age of the father will be 4 years more than three
times the age of the son.
∴ 2x2 + 8 = 3(x + 8) + 4
2x2 + 8 = 3x + 24 + 4
2x2 − 3x − 20 = 0
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2x2 − 8x + 5x − 20 = 0
2x(x − 4) + 5(x − 4) = 0
(x - 4) (2x + 5) = 0
−5
x = 4, 2
But, the age cannot be negative, so, x = 4.
Present age of son = 4 years
Present age of father = 2(4)2 years = 32 years.

Question 7:
The speed of a boat in still water is 15km/hr. It can go 30 km upstream and return
downstream to the original point in 4 hours 30 minutes. Find the speed of the stream.
Solution 7:
Let the speed of the stream be x km/hr.
∴ Speed of the boat downstream = (15 + x) km/hr
Speed of the boat upstream = (15 - x) km/hr
30
Time taken to go 30 km downstream = 15 + 𝑥 hr
30
Time taken to come back = 15 − 𝑥 hr
From the given information,
30 30 30
+ =4
15 + 𝑥 15 − 𝑥 60
30 30 9
+ =
15 + 𝑥 15 − 𝑥 2
450 − 30𝑥 + 450 + 30𝑥 9
=
(15 + 𝑥)(15 − 𝑥) 2
900 9
2
=
225 − 𝑥 2
100 1
2
=
225 − 𝑥 2
225 – x2 = 200
X2 = 25
X=±5
But, x cannot be negative, so, x = 5.
Thus, the speed of the stream is 5 km/hr.

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Question 8:
Mr. Mehra sends his servant to the market to buy oranges worth Rs. 15. The servant
having eaten three oranges on the way, Mr. Mehra pays 25 paise per orange more than
the market price.
Taking x to be the number of oranges which Mr. Mehra receives, form a quadratic
equation in x. Hence, find the value of x.
Solution 8:
Number of oranges = y
15
Cost of one orange = Rs. 𝑦
The servant ate 3 oranges, so Mr. Mehra received (y - 3) oranges.
So, x = y − 3 ⇒ y = x + 3 ...(1)
15
Cost of one orange paid by Mr. Mehra = Rs. 𝑦 + 0.25
15 1
= Rs. + [using (1)]
𝑥+3 4
Now, Mr. mehra pays a total of Rs 15.
15 1
∴ (𝑥 + 3 + 4) ×𝑥 = 15
60 + 𝑥 + 3
×𝑥 = 15
4(𝑥 + 3)
63x + x2 = 60x + 180
X2 + 3x – 180 = 0
(X + 15) (x – 12) = 0
X = −15, 12
But, the number of oranges cannot be negative. So, x = 12.

Question 9:
Rs. 250 is divided equally among a certain number of children. If there were 25 children
more, each would have received 50 paise less. Find the number of children.
Solution 9:
Let the number of children be x.
It is given that Rs 250 is divided amongst x students.
250
So, money received by each child = Rs 𝑥
If there were 25 children more, then
250
Money received by each child = Rs
𝑥+25
From the given information,
250 250 50
− =
𝑥 𝑥 + 25 100
250𝑥 + 6250 − 250𝑥 1
=
𝑥(𝑥 + 25) 2

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6250 1
=
𝑥2 + 25𝑥 2
X2 + 25x – 12500 = 0
(x + 125)(x – 100) = 0
X = − 125, 100
Since, the number of students cannot be negative, so, x = 100.
Hence, the number of students is 100.

Question 10:
An employer finds that if he increases the weekly wages of each worker by Rs. 5 and
employs five workers less, he increases his weekly wage bill from Rs. 3150 to Rs. 3250.
Taking the original weekly wage of each worker as Rs. x; obtain an equation in x and
then solve it to find the weekly wages of each worker.
Solution 10:
Original weekly wage of each worker = Rs x
Original weekly wage bill of employer = Rs 3150
3150
Number of workers = 𝑥
New weekly wage of each worker = Rs (x + 5)
New weekly wage bill of employer = Rs 3250
3250
Number of workers = 𝑥+5
From the given condition,
3150 3250
− 5 = 𝑥+5
𝑥
3150−5𝑥 3250
= 𝑥+5
𝑥
3150x – 5x2 + 15750 – 25x = 3250x
−5x2 + 15750 – 125x = 0
X2 + 25x – 3150 = 0
X2 + 70x – 45x – 3150 = 0
X(x + 70) – 45(x + 70) = 0
(x +70) (x – 45) = 0
X = − 70, 45
Since, wage cannot be negative, x = 45.
Thus, the original weekly wage of each worker is Rs 45.

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Question 11:
A trader bought a number of articles for Rs. 1,200. Ten were damaged and he sold
each of the remaining articles at Rs. 2 more than what he paid for ir, thus getting a profit
of Rs. 60 on the whole transaction.
Taking the number of articles he bought as x, form an equation in x and solve it.
Solution 11:
Number of articles bought by the trader = x
It is given that the trader bought the articles for Rs 1200.
1200
So, cost of one article = Rs 𝑥
Ten articles were damaged. So, number of articles left = x - 10
1200
Selling price of each of (x - 10) articles = Rs ( 𝑥 + 2)
1200
Selling price of (x - 10) articles = Rs (x − 10) ( + 2)
𝑥
Profit = Rs 60
1200
∴ (x – 10) ( 𝑥 + 2) – 1200 = 60
12000
1200 + 2x − − 20 − 1200 = 60
𝑥
12000
2x – 𝑥 − 80 = 0
2x2 – 80x – 12000 = 0
X2 – 40x – 6000 = 0
X2 – 100x + 60x – 6000 = 0
X(x – 100) + 60(x – 100) = 0
(x – 100)(x + 60) = 0
X = 100, − 60
Number of articles cannot be negative. So, x = 100.

Question 12:
The total cost price of a certain number of identical articles is Rs. 4800. By selling the
articles at Rs. 100 each, a profit equal to the cost price of 15 articles is made. Find the
number of articles bought.
Solution 12:
Let the number of articles bought be x.
Total cost price of x articles = Rs 4800
4800
Cost price of one article = Rs 𝑥
Selling price of each article = Rs 100
Selling price of x articles = Rs 100x
Given, Profit = C.P. of 15 articles
4800
∴ 100x − 4800 = 15 × 𝑥
100x2 − 4800x = 15 × 4800
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x2 − 48x − 720 = 0
x2 − 60x + 12x − 720 = 0
x(x − 60) + 12(x − 60) = 0
(x − 60) (x + 12) = 0
x = 60, −12
Since, number of articles cannot be negative. So, x = 60.
Thus, the number of articles bought is 60.

EXERCISE. 6 (E)

Question 1:
The distance by road between two towns A and B is 216 km, and by rail it is 208 km. A
car travels at a speed of x km/hr and the train travels at a speed which is 16 km/hr faster
than the car. Calculate:
(i) the time taken by the car to reach town B from A, in terms of x;
(ii) the time taken by the train, to reach town B from A, in terms of x.
(iii) If the train takes 2 hours less than than the car, to reach town B, obtain an equation
in x, and solve it.
(iv) hence, find the speed of the train. [1998].
Solution 1:
Speed of car = x km/hr
Speed of train = (x + 16) km/hr
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
(i) we know: Time = 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
216
Time taken by the car to reach town B from A = hrs
𝑥

208
(ii) Time taken by the train to reach town B from A = (𝑥+16) hrs
(iii) From the given information,
216 208
− =2
𝑥 𝑥 + 16
216𝑥 + 3456 − 208𝑥
=2
𝑥 ( 𝑥 + 16)
8𝑥 + 3456
=2
𝑥(𝑥 + 16)
4x + 1728 = x2 + 16x
X2 + 12x – 1728 = 0
X2 + 48x – 36x – 1728 = 0
X(x + 48) – 36x (x + 48) = 0

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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(x + 48) (x – 36) = 0
X = − 48, 36

But, speed cannot be negative. So, x = 36

(iv) speed of train = (36 + 16) km/hr = 52 km/hr.

Question 2:
A trader buys x articles for a total cost of Rs. 600.
(i) write down the cost of one article in terms of x. If the cost per article were Rs. 5 more,
the number of articles that can be bought for Rs. 600 would be four less.
(ii) Write down the equation in x for the above situation and solve it for x.
Solution 2:
Number of articles = x
Total cost of articles = Rs. 600
600
(i) cost of one article = Rs. 𝑥

(ii) From the given information, we have

600 600
− =5
𝑥−4 𝑥
600𝑥 − 600𝑥 + 2400
=5
𝑥 ( 𝑥 − 4)
480
=1
𝑥(𝑥 − 4)
X2 – 4x – 480 = 0
X2 – 24x + 20x – 480 = 0
X(x – 24) + 20 (x – 24) = 0
(x − 24) (x + 20) = 0
X = 24, − 20
Since, number of articles cannot be negative. So, x = 24.

Question 3:
A hotel bill for a number of people for overnight stay is Rs. 4800. If there were 4 people
more, the bill each person had to pay, would have reduced by Rs. 200. Find the number
of people staying overnight.

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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Solution 3:
Let the number of people staying overnight be x.
Total hotel bill = Rs. 4800
4800
Hotel bill for each person = Rs. 𝑥
From the given information,
4800 4800
− = 200
𝑥 𝑥+4
4800𝑥 + 4800 ×4 − 4800𝑥
= 200
𝑥(𝑥 + 4)
96
=1
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
X2 + 4x – 96 = 0
X2 + 12x – 8x – 96 = 0
X(x + 12) – 8(x + 12) = 0
(x – 8)(x + 12) = 0
X = 8, –12
Since, the number of people cannot be negative. So, x = 8
Thus, the number of people staying overnight is 8.

Question 4:
An aeroplane travelled a distance of 400 km at an average speed of x km/hr. On the
return journey, the speed was increased by 40 km/hr. Write down an expression for the
time taken for:
(i) the onward journey;
(ii) the return journey.
If the return journey took 30 minutes less than the onward journey, write down an
equation in x and find its value.
Solution 4:
Distance = 400 km
Average speed of the aero plane = x km/hr
Speed while returning = (x + 40) km/hr

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
(i) we know: Time = 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
400
Time taken for onward journey = hrs
𝑥

400
(ii) Time taken for return journey = (𝑥+40) hrs

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From the given information, we have:

400 400 30
− =
𝑥 𝑥+4 60
400𝑥 + 16000 − 400𝑥 1
=
𝑥(𝑥 + 40) 2
16000 1
=
𝑥(𝑥 + 40) 2
x2 + 40x – 32000 = 0
x2 + 200x – 160x – 32000 = 0
x(x + 200) – 160(x + 200) = 0
(x + 200)(x – 160) = 0
X = − 200, 160
Since, the speed cannot be negative. Thus, x = 160

Question 5:
Rs. 6,500 was divided equally among a certain number of persons. Had there been 15
persons more , each would have got Rs. 30 less Find the original number of persons.
Solution 5:
Let the original number of persons be x.
Total money which was divided = Rs. 6500
6500
Each person’s share = Rs. 𝑥
From the given information,
6500 6500
− = 30
𝑥 𝑥 + 15
6500𝑥 + 6500 ×15 − 6500𝑥
= 30
𝑥(𝑥 + 15)
3250
=1
𝑥(𝑥 + 15)
x2 + 15x – 3250 = 0
x2 + 65x – 50x – 3250 = 0
x(x + 65) – 50(x + 65) = 0
(x + 65)(x – 50) = 0
X = − 65, 50

Since, the number of persons cannot be negative.

Hence, the original number of persons is 50.
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Question 6:
A plane left 30 minutes later than the schedule time and in order to reach its destination
1500 km away in time, it has to increase its speed by 250 km/hr from its usual speed.
Find its usual speed.
Solution 6:
Let the usual speed of plane be x km/hr.
Distance = 1500 km
From the given information, we have:
1500 1500 30
− =
𝑥 𝑥 + 250 60
1500𝑥 + 1500 ×250 − 1500𝑥 1
=
𝑥(𝑥 + 250) 2
1500 ×250 1
2
=
𝑥 + 250𝑥 2
x2 + 250x – 750000 = 0
x2 + 1000x – 750x – 750000 = 0
x(x + 1000) – 750(x + 1000) = 0
(x + 1000)(x – 750) = 0
X = − 1000, 750
Since, speed cannot be negative. So, x = 750
Hence, the usual speed of plane is 750 km/hr.

Question 7:
Two trains leave a railway station at the same time. The first train travels 5km/hr faster
than the second train. If after 2 hours, they are 50 km apart, find the speed of each train.
Solution 7:
Let the speed of the second train be x km/hr.
Then the speed of the first train is (x + 5) km/hr.
Let O be the position of the railway station from which the two trains leave.
Distance travelled by the first train in 2 hours = OA = Speed × Time = 2(x + 5)km
Distance travelled by the second train in 2 hours in OB = speed × Time = 2x km

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By Pythagoras theorem, we have

AB2 = OA2 + OB2
⇒ (50)2 = [2 (x + 5)]2 + (2x)2
⇒ 2500 = 4 (x + 5)2 + 4x2
⇒ 2500 = 4 (x2 +25 +10x) + 4x2
⇒ 8x2 + 40x – 2400 = 0
⇒ x2 + 5x – 300 = 0
⇒ x2 + 20x − 15x – 300 = 0
⇒ (x + 20) (x – 15) = 0
⇒ x = −20 or x = 15
⇒ x = 15 [∵ x cannot be negative]
Hence, the speed of the second train is 15km/hr and the speed of the first train is
20km/hr.

Question 8:
The sum S of first n even natural numbers is given by the relation S = n(n + 1). Find n,
if the sum is 420.
Solution 8:
S = n(n + 1)
Given, S = 420
n(n + 1) = 420
n2 + n − 420 = 0
n2 + 21n − 20n − 420 = 0
n(n + 21) − 20(n + 21) = 0
(n + 21) (n − 20) = 0
n = − 21, 20
Since, n cannot be negative.
Hence, n = 20.

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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Question 9:
The sum of the ages of a father and his son is 45 years. Five years ago, the product of
their ages (in years) was 124. Determine their present ages.
Solution 9:
Let the present ages of father and his son be x years and (45 − x) years respectively.
Five years ago,
Father's age = (x − 5) years
Son's age = (45 − x − 5) years = (40 − x) years
From the given information, we have:
(x − 5) (40 − x) = 124
40x − x2 − 200 + 5x = 124
x2 − 45x + 324 = 0
x2 − 36x − 9x + 324 = 0
x(x − 36) − 9(x − 36) = 0
(x − 36) (x − 9) = 0
x = 36, 9
If x = 9,
Father's age = 9 years, Son's age = (45 − x) = 36 years
This is not possible.
Hence, x = 36
Father's age = 36 years
Son's age = (45 − 36) years = 9 years.

Question 10:
In an auditorium seats were arranged in rows and columns. The number of rows was
equal to the number of seats in each row. When the number of rows was doubled and
the number of seats in each row was reduces by 10, the total number of seats increased
by 300. Find:
(i) The number of rows in the original arrangement.
(ii) The number of seats in the auditorium after re-arrangement.
Solution 10:
Let the number of rows in the original arrangement be x.
Then, the number of seats in each row in original arrangement = x
Total number of seats = x × x = x2
From the given information,
2x(x − 10) = x2 + 300
2x2 − 20x = x2 + 300
x2 − 20x − 300 = 0
(x − 30) (x + 10) = 0
x = 30, −10
Since, the number of rows or seats cannot be negative. So, x = 30.
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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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(i) The number of rows in the original arrangement = x = 30

(ii) The number of seats after re-arrangement = x2 + 300 = 900 + 300 = 1200

Question 11:
Mohan takes 16 days less than manoj to do a piece of work. If both working together
can do it in 15 days, in how many days will mohan alone complete the work?
Solution 11:
Let the number of days in which mohan completes the work be x.
Number of days in which manoj completes the work = x + 16
1
In one day, Mohan completes part of work.
𝑥
1
In one day, manoj completes 𝑥+16 part of work.
It is given that they both can do the work in 15 days.
1 1 1
∴ 𝑥 + 𝑥+16 = 15
𝑥+16+𝑥 1
=
𝑥(𝑥+16) 15

2𝑥 + 16 1
=
𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 15
30x + 240 = x2 + 16x
X2 −14x + 10x – 240 = 0
X2 – 24x + 10x – 240 = 0
X(x – 24) + 10(x – 24) = 0
(x – 24) (x + 10) = 0
X = 24, −10
Since, the number of days cannot be negative. So, x = 24.
Thus, Mohan alone can complete the work in 24 days.

Question 12:
Two years ago, a man’s age was three times the square of his son’s age. In three years
time, his age will be four times his son’s age Find their present ages.
Solution 12:
Let the age of son 2 years ago be x years.
Then, father's age 2 years ago = 3x2 years

Present age of son = (x + 2) years

Present age of father = (3x2 + 2) years

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Class X Chapter 6 – Solving Problems (Based on Quadratic Equations) Maths
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3 years hence:
Son's age = (x + 2 + 3) years = (x + 5) years
Father's age = (3x2 + 2 + 3) years = (3x2 + 5) years

From the given information,

3x2 + 5 = 4(x + 5)
3x2 − 4x − 15 = 0
3x2 − 9x + 5x − 15 = 0
3x(x − 3) + 5(x − 3) = 0
(x − 3) (3x + 5) = 0
x = 3,
Since, age cannot be negative. So, x = 3.

Present age of son = (x + 2) years = 5 years

Present age of father = (3x2 + 2) years = 29 years

Question 13:
In a certain positive fraction, the denominator is greater than the numerator by 3. If 1 is
1
subtracted from the numerator and the denominator both, the fraction reduces by 14
Find the fraction.
Solution 13:
𝑥
Let the fraction be
𝑥+3
When 1 is subtracted from both numerator and denominator, then the fraction becomes
𝑥−1
𝑥+2
From the given information, we have:
𝑥 1 𝑥−1
− =
𝑥 + 3 14 𝑥+2
14𝑥 − 𝑥 − 3 𝑥−1
=
14(𝑥 + 3) 𝑥+2
13𝑥 − 3 𝑥−1
=
14(𝑥 + 3) 𝑥+2
(13x – 3)(x + 2) = 14(x – 1)(x + 3)
13x2 + 26x – 3x – 6 = 14 (x2 – x + 3x – 3)
13x2 + 23x – 6 = 14x2 + 28x – 42
X2 + 5x – 36 = 0
X2 + 9x – 4x – 36 = 0
X(x + 9) – 4(x + 9) = 0

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(x + 9)(x – 4) = 0
X = −9, 4
Since, x cannot be negative. So, x = 4
𝑥 4
Hence, the fraction is 𝑥+3 = 7

Question 14:
In a two digit number, the ten’s digit is bigger. The product of the digits is 27 and the
difference between two digits is 6. Find the number.
Solution 14:
Given, the difference between two digits is 6 and the ten's digit is bigger than the unit's
digit.
So, let the unit's digit be x and ten's digit be (x + 6).
From the given condition, we have:
x(x + 6) = 27
x2 + 6x − 27 = 0
x2 + 9x − 3x − 27 = 0
x(x + 9) − 3(x + 9) = 0
(x + 9) (x − 3) = 0
x = −9, 3
Since, the digits of a number cannot be negative. So, x = 3.
Unit's digit = 3
Ten's digit = 9
Thus, the number is 93.

Question 15:
Some school children went on an excursion by a bus to a picnic spot at a distance of
300 km. while returning, it was raining and the bus had to reduce its speed by 5 km/hr
and it took two hours longer for returning. Find the time taken to return.
Solution 15:
Distance = 300 km
Let the original speed of the bus be x km/hr.
While returning, speed of the bus = (x – 5) km/hr
From the given information, we have:
300 300
− =2
𝑥−5 𝑥
300𝑥 − 300𝑥 + 1500
=2
𝑥(𝑥 − 5)

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750
=1
𝑥(𝑥 − 5)
x2 – 5x – 750 = 0
X2 – 30x + 25x – 750 = 0
X(x – 30) + 25(x – 30) = 0
(x – 30)(x + 25) = 0
X = 30, − 25
Since, speed cannot be negative. So, x = 30
Speed of the bus while returning = 25 km/hr
300
Time taken by the bus to return = 25 hrs = 12hrs

Question 16:
Rs. 480 is divided equally among ‘x’ children. If the number of children were 20 more
then each would have got Rs. 12 less. Find ‘x’.
Solution 16:
Total amount = Rs. 480
Let the number of children be x.
480
The amount each children got = 𝑥
When the number of children were 20,
480
Amount of each children = 𝑥+20
From the given information, we have:
480 480
− = 12
𝑥 𝑥 + 20
480𝑥 + 480 ×20 − 480𝑥
= 12
𝑥(𝑥 + 20)
9600
= 12
𝑥(𝑥 + 20)
X2 + 20x – 800 = 0
X2 + 40x – 20x – 800 = 0
X(x + 40) – 20(x + 40) = 0
(x – 20)(x + 40) = 0
X = 20, − 40
Since, number of children cannot be negative. So, x = 20
Number of children = 20.

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