統計學㇐下 第二次作業 Chapter 8

Exercise 8.3
In order to compare the means of two populations, independent random samples of 400 observations
are selected from each population, with the following results :

Sample 1 Sample 2

x¯1 = 5275 x¯2 = 5240

s1 = 150 s2 = 200

(a) Use a 95% confidence interval to estimate the difference between the population means (µ1 −
µ2 ). Interpret the confidence interval.
(b) Test the null hypothesis H0 : µ1 − µ2 = 0 verse the alternative hypothesis Ha : µ1 − µ2 ̸= 0.
Give the significance level of the test and interpret the result.
(c) Suppose the test in part (b) was conducted with the alternative hypothesis Ha : µ1 − µ2 > 0.
How would your answer to part (b) change ?
(d) Test the null hypothesis H0 : µ1 −µ2 = 25 verse the alternative hypothesis Ha : µ1 −µ2 ̸= 25.
Give the significance level and interpret the result. Compare your answer with the test conducted
in part (b).
(e) What assumptions are necessary to ensure the validity of the inferential procedures applied in
parts (a)-(d).

解答為

國立臺灣大學 1 作業繳交時間: 4 月 18 日
統計學㇐下 第二次作業

Exercise 8.12
Lobster trap placement. Refer to the Bulletin of Marine Science (April 2010) study of lobster
trap placement, Exercise 6.29(p. 348). Recall that the variable of interest was the average distance
separating traps—called trapspacing —deployed by teams of fishermen. The trap spacing measure-
ments (in meters) for a sample of seven teams from the Bahia Tortugas (BT) fishing cooperative
are repeated in the table. In addition, trap- spacing measurements for eight teams from the Punta
Abreojos (PA) fishing cooperative are listed. For this problem, we are interested in comparing the
mean trap-spacing measurements of the two fishing cooperatives.

BT Cooperative : 93 99 105 94 82 70 86

PA Cooperative : 118 94 106 72 90 66 153 98

(a) Identify the target parameter for this study.

國立臺灣大學 2 作業繳交時間: 4 月 18 日
統計學㇐下 第二次作業 Chapter 8

target parameter?
(d) Find a 90% confidence interval for the target parameter.
(e) Use the interval, part (d), to make a statement about the difference in mean trap spacing mea-
surements of the two fishing cooperatives.
(f) What conditions must be satisfied for the inference, part (e), to be valid?

解答為

(e) 解答有誤，以下才是正解。
Since 0 is in the 90% confidence interval, there is not sufficient evidence to indicate a difference
in the mean trap measurements between the two fishing cooperatives.

國立臺灣大學 3 作業繳交時間: 4 月 18 日
統計學㇐下 第二次作業

Exercise 8.31
Summer weight-loss camp. Camp Jump Start is an 8-week summer camp for overweight and
obese adolescents. Counselors develop a weight-management program for each camper that centers
on nutrition education and physical activity. In a study published in Pediatrics (April 2010), the
body mass index (BMI) was measured for each of 76 campers both at the start and end of camp.
Summary statistics on BMI measurements are shown in the table.

Mean Standard Deviation

Starting BMI 34.9 6.9

Ending BMI 31.6 6.2

Paired Differences 3.3 1.5

(a) Give the null and alternative hypothesis for determining whether the mean BMI at the end of
camp is less than the mean BMI at the start of camp.
(b) How should the data be analyzed, as an independent- samples t -test or as a paired-difference
t -test? Explain.
(c) Calculate the test statistic using the formula for an independent-samples t-test. ( Note : This
is not how the test should be conducted.)
(d) Calculate the test statistic using the formula for a paired-difference t -test.
(e) Compare the test statistics, parts (c) and (d). Which test statistic provides more evidence in
support of the alternative hypothesis?
(f) The p -value of the test, part (d), was reported as p < .0001. Interpret this result assuming
α = .01.
(g) Do the differences in BMI values need to be normally distributed in order for the inference,
part (f), to be valid? Explain.
(h) Find a 99% confidence interval for the true mean change in BMI for Camp Jump Start campers.
Interpret the result.

國立臺灣大學 4 作業繳交時間: 4 月 18 日
統計學㇐下 第二次作業 Chapter 8

解答為

H0 : µd ≤ 0 v.s. H 0 : µd > 0

,where µd = µ1 − µ2

(h) 解答有誤，以下才是正解。
For confidence coefficient 0.99, α = 0.01. From Table II, Appendix D, z0.01 = 2.3267 (內差法求
得). The 99% confidence interval is:

σd 1.5
d¯ − zα√ ⇒ 3.3 − 2.3267 × √ ⇒ [2.8997, ∞).
nd 76
We are 99% confident that the true difference in the mean BMI scores between the start of camp
and the end of camp is between 2.8997 and ∞.

國立臺灣大學 5 作業繳交時間: 4 月 18 日
統計學㇐下 第二次作業

Exercise 8.37
Taking ”power naps” during work breaks. Lack of sleep costs companies about $18 billion a year
in lost productivity, according to the National Sleep Foundation. Companies are waking up to the
problem, however. Some even have quiet rooms available for study or sleep. ”Power naps” are in
vogue (Athens Daily News, Jan. 9, 2000). A major airline recently began encouraging reservation
agents to nap during their breaks. The accompanying table lists the number of complaints received
about each of a sample of 10 reservation agents during the 6 months before naps were encouraged
and during the 6 months after the policy change.

Operator Before Policy After Policy

1 10 5

2 3 0

3 16 7

4 11 4

5 8 6

6 2 4

7 1 2

8 14 3

9 5 5

10 6 1

(a) Do the data present sufficient evidence to conclude that the new napping policy reduced the
mean number of customer complaints about reservation agents? Test using α = .05.
(b) What assumptions must hold to ensure the validity of the test?
(c) What variables, not controlled in the study, could lead to an invalid conclusion?

國立臺灣大學 6 作業繳交時間: 4 月 18 日
統計學㇐下 第二次作業 Chapter 8

解答為

H0 : µd ≤ 0 v.s. H 0 : µd > 0

國立臺灣大學 7 作業繳交時間: 4 月 18 日
統計學㇐下 第二次作業

Exercise 8.49
The ”winner’s curse” in auction bidding. In auction bidding, the ”winner’s curse” is the phe-
nomenon of the winning (or highest) bid price being above the expected value of the item being
auctioned. The Review of Economics and Statistics (Aug. 2001) published a study on whether
bidexperience impacts the likelihood of the winner’s curse occurring. Two groups of bidders in a
sealed-bid auction were compared: (1) super-experienced bidders and (2) lessexperiencedbidders.
In the super-experienced group, 29 of 189 winning bids were above the item’s expected value; in
the less-experienced group, 32 of 149 winning bids were above the item’s expected value.
(a) Find an estimate of p1 , the true proportion of superexperienced bidders who fell prey to the
winner’s curse.
(b) Find an estimate of p2 , the true proportion of lessexperienced bidders who fell prey to the
winner’s curse.
(c) Construct a 90% confidence interval for p1 − p2 .
(d) Give a practical interpretation of the confidence interval, part (c). Make a statement about
whether bid experience impacts the likelihood of the winner’s curse occurring.

解答為

國立臺灣大學 8 作業繳交時間: 4 月 18 日
統計學㇐下 第二次作業 Chapter 8

Exercise 8.83
Drug content assessment. Refer to Exercise 8.16 (p.434) and the Analytical Chemistry (Dec. 15,
2009) study in which scientists used high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the
amount of drug in a tablet. Recall that 25 tablets were produced at each of two different, independent
sites. The researchers want to determine if the two sites produced drug concentrations with different
variances. A Minitab printout of the analysis follows. Locate the test statistic and p-value on the
printout. Use these values and α = .05 to conduct the appropriate test for the researchers.

國立臺灣大學 9 作業繳交時間: 4 月 18 日
統計學㇐下 第二次作業

解答為

國立臺灣大學 10 作業繳交時間: 4 月 18 日