• Some women may experience • Possible to feel the hormonal implant

headache, spotty skin and dizziness. in the arm.

What are contraceptives?
Emergency Contraceptives Pill • Menstrual period may become irregular Implanon is one of implant available in
Contraceptives are techniques and methods used or stop altogether. malaysia
to prevent woman from getting pregnant. The ‘morning after’ pill can be used if a woman
has unprotected sex or if contraception fails
Some methods also help in preventing sexual such as forgetting to take the pill or a condom
transmitted disease (STDs) and HIV if use slipping off or rape.
properly.
Non-drug  Things to consider
It can Drug
be categorized into:
technique
therapy
• It is very effective if you take the pill
Used of within 72 hours (3 days) after having sex but
Used of it does not protect against sexual transmitted
physical
hormone, infections or HIV.
barrier Hormonal Implants
(progestero
devices, • Products available are Postinor-2,
ne and
surgical and Madonna • The implants contain hormones
estrogen). NON-DRUG TECHNIQUE
self-control. progesterone that are inserted under the skin
of the inner, upper arm. They are made of
DRUG THERAPY METHOD tiny rods (similar in shape and size to a Fertility awareness
match stick).
Oral Contraceptive Pill • They provide three to five years of • Fertility Awareness is a form of Natural
contraceptive protection depending on the Family Planning which means not having sex
Available in protesterone only and combination type. during fertile time or the time of ovulation.
Injectable Hormonal Contraceptives
of progesterone and estrogen. Both pills are
 Advantages • A woman has to seek a qualified
very effective if taken properly.
Given by injection monthly or every three counselor to know the fertile time of the month
months. They are available in form of progestin- • Convenient (lasts for 3 years) by using various sign such as temperature and
 Advantages
only or combined (progestin and estrogen). • Does not contain estrogen (safer for change in vaginal mucus.
• It’s easy to use and relatively cheap some women, including smokers)
• You take either kind once a day. • Removable
 Things to consider
• With the combined pill, periods will be • It is very effective contraceptive as
 Advantages
regular and usually painless they start protecting against pregnancy 24
There are no side effects or health risks. No
hours after they are inserted.
• Convenient as it does not need a daily protection against HIV or sexually transmitted
 Disadvantages dose treatment. disease.
 Disadvantages
• Some woman may experience irregular • Injectable hormonal contraceptives
periods. containing progestin-only safer for woman • May experience prolonged, irregular or
• The pill may cause side effects such as who cannot tolerate estrogen or who are absent periods. It cannot be used by women Male Condoms
nausea or mood swings. breast-feeding. who are pregnant, having unexplained
vaginal bleeding and breast cancer. • It is made of thin rubber (latex) and is
• Does not protect against STIs or HIV.
• May cause nausea, mood swings, acne, fitted over an erect penis. It works as a
 Example of products headache, weight gain, breast tenderness, physical barrier by collecting the man’s
 Disadvantages irregular periods and scalp hair loss. sperm, stopping them from entering the
Mercilon, Yasmin, Noriday, Meliane • Costly vagina after ejaculation.
 Advantages
 • Can insert it at a convenient time • You do not have to take a daily pill or
• Cheap, small, and are easy to carry. IUD is a small plastic object, containing copper. It before have sex. get shots for birth control.
• It may help to use a spermicide is placed inside a woman’s uterus by a doctor, and • You only have to use a diaphragm • Tubal ligation works immediately.
cream or jelly in the vagina as left in place for 5 to 8 years. It stops the sperm when you have sex – it doesn’t affect your
well, as this should kill any sperm reaching the egg, and also prevents a fertilised egg body at other times.  Disadvantages
that may escape. from attaching to the lining of the uterus.
 Disadvantages • Does not give protection against
 Disadvantages  Advantages sexually transmitted disease (STD).
• You have to keep your diaphragms or • Not reversible.
• Need a new one each time you have sex. • It is very convenient and cheap because cervical cap clean and dry when not in use • There may be some minor discomfort and
• It must be put on before any it lasts up to 8 years, although the effectiveness and regularly check that the rubber has not it involves all the risks of surgery.
intimate contact occurs, and taken off straight may be slightly lower after 5 years. perished. They normally need replacing • Male patient may notice some scrotal
after the man ejaculates (comes). • It can be removed at anytime, with every 2 years. discoloring, swelling and possibly bruising.
• Some people have an allergy to latex fertility returning quickly for most women. • If you have had a tubal ligation, there
(rubber). Sterilisation is a slight possibility that you could still get
• Take care when removing the penis from  Disadvantages pregnant.
the vagina, otherwise the condom might It is a surgical procedure that can be performed
come off or tear. • You must visit a doctor or health on either the male or female which involved the
service to have it fitted and monthly checkup is closing of the tubes that normally carry the
• Act as a barrier to infections such as HIV sperm or eggs.
but may not provide protection against needed.
conditions such as herpes and genital warts. • May feel pain or discomfort when it is
Female sterilization (Tubal ligation)
inserted and from time to time.
• Periods may be heavier with more The fallopian tubes are blocked off and it stops
Female Condoms cramps. sperm from reaching and fertilizing eggs. It also
prevents eggs from reaching the uterus.
TIPS ON CONTRACEPTIVES…..
• It is a polyurethane (plastic) pouch that
fits inside a woman’s vagina and has a soft ring Consult with partner and physician before
on each end. • Pelvic infection can be a risk for some
women, which could lead to infertility in taking contraceptive.
• It collects the man’s sperm, stopping
the future
them from entering the vagina.
• If there is any chance you are pregnant,
you must see your doctor, as there could be Consider either you want to have child in
 Advantages Male sterilization (Vasectomy)
complications such as miscarriage or an future or not. Certain contraceptive have
Small and easy to carry. It fits all women and
ectopic pregnancy permanent sterility.
can be used during your period
• IUDs are very effective contraceptives,
but will not protect you against STIs or Vasectomy blocks the vas deferens (tube that
 Disadvantages
HIV. connects the testes to the urinary tract) which
prevents sperm from entering the urinary tract.
• It is possible for the penis to slip into
the vagina between the female condom and the
Diaphragms & Cervical Caps During sex, semen is still ejaculated, but there is
no sperm in it.
vaginal wall.
• They are more expensive than male They are made of soft rubber. The diaphragm or
cervical cap is placed inside the vagina to cover  Advantages
condoms, and are not so readily available.
a woman’s cervix, and stops the man’s sperm
• Act as a barrier to infections such as
HIV but may not provide protection against
conditions such as herpes and genital warts.
from getting through. • Sterilization permanently prevents
unwanted pregnancy.
• Sterilisation does not interfere with
Contracepti
ve
 Advantages
sexual drive.
Intra-uterine Device (IUD)
 Managing
your sexual
health