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Name: Ignacio, James Louis R. Assignment #: 5 Course Code: Activity Title

The document defines several database terms including file organization, sequential file organization, indexed file organization, hashed file organization, denormalization, composite key, secondary key, data type, and join index. It then explains how physical database design forms a foundation for regulatory compliance by enforcing controls and standards. Some disadvantages of denormalization are discussed, such as slowing updates. The document also notes that normalized relations may not comprise efficient physical implementations if the data is not logically related or requires other tables. Finally, it explains that parallel processing can significantly improve query performance by dividing large tasks into smaller concurrent tasks that complete more quickly.

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68 views

Name: Ignacio, James Louis R. Assignment #: 5 Course Code: Activity Title

The document defines several database terms including file organization, sequential file organization, indexed file organization, hashed file organization, denormalization, composite key, secondary key, data type, and join index. It then explains how physical database design forms a foundation for regulatory compliance by enforcing controls and standards. Some disadvantages of denormalization are discussed, such as slowing updates. The document also notes that normalized relations may not comprise efficient physical implementations if the data is not logically related or requires other tables. Finally, it explains that parallel processing can significantly improve query performance by dividing large tasks into smaller concurrent tasks that complete more quickly.

Uploaded by

charles Rodillas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Ignacio, James Louis R.

Assignment #: 5

Course Code: Activity Title: Logical Database Design and The Relational Model

• Define the following terms:


1. File organization – it is a logical relationship among various records which is used to described the way
in which the records are stored in terms of blocks, and the blocks are placed on the storage medium
(Java T Point, n.d).
2. Sequential file organization – It contains an organized record by order in which they were entered. The
order of the records is fixed. Records in sequential files can be read or written only sequentially (IBM,
n.d).
3. Indexed file organization – It contains records ordered by a record key. A record key uniquely
identifies a record and determines the sequence in which it is accessed with respect to other records
(IBM, n.d).
4. Hashed file organization – It uses the computation of hash function on some fields of the records. The
data is stored in the form of data blocks whose address is generated by applying a hash function in the
memory location where these records are stored known as a data block or data bucket (Guru99, n.d; Java
T point, n.d).
5. Denormalization – It is a technique in database which is used to optimize the redundancy of data in one
or more tables. It can help to avoid costly joins in a relational database (Geeks for Geeks, 2021).
6. Composite key – It is a key that has more than one attributes is known as composite key. It is also
known as compound key (Beginners book, 2018).
7. Secondary key – Secondary Key is the key that has not been selected to be the primary key. However, it
is considered a candidate key for the primary key. Therefore, a candidate key not selected as a primary
key is called secondary key. Candidate key is an attribute or set of attributes that you can consider as a
Primary key (Tutorials point, (n.d).
8. Data type – It is a data storage format that can contain a specific type or range of values (Christensson,
2007).
9. Join index – Its definition is permanently stored and the data is updated whenever the base tables
referred in the join index is updated. It may contain one or more tables and also contain pre-aggregated
data. Join indexes are mainly used for improving the performance(Tutorials Point, n.d).

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College of Engineering – CpE Department
• Explain how physical database design has an important role in forming a foundation for
regulatory compliance.

- Physical database design has an important role in forming a foundation for regulatory compliance
just because, physical database design builds a strong foundation for the integrity of data. When
controls are enforced, such as database management systems controls, we can be more certain of the
integrity of our data. In regulatory compliance and audit trials, we can test and improve physical
design. During the development of logical designing, the structures of logical database will also be
developed. The requirements of user process will be identified during the requirements of definition.
The environment of computer operating is involved with Database management system and other
components. Specifying the characteristics of DBMS and the components of computer is one of the
major inputs of physical database design.

• Explain the reasons why some observers are against the practice of denormalization.

- Denormalization has a disadvantage which is that it usually speeds retrieval but can slow updates.
And also, denormalization is always application-specific and needs to be re-evaluated if the
application changes. In some instances, denormalization simplifies coding but in others, it makes it
more complex.

• Explain why normalized relations may not comprise an efficient physical implementation
structure.

- Normalized relations may not be efficiently implemented because the data might not be related in a
way that can be used without other tables, rendering the data useless in one sense. This goes to say
that normalized relations may not be efficient for physical implications because the attributes in a
relation are not used together, and the data from another relation is needed to answer queries or
perform some function. Also, a one-by-one may yield inefficient processing for physical records.

• Explain the reasons underlying the significant performance gains in query performance that can
be achieved with parallel processing.

- Parallel processing divides a large task into many smaller tasks, and executes the smaller tasks
concurrently on several nodes. As a result, the larger task completes more quickly. Some tasks can
be effectively divided, and thus are good candidates for parallel processing. Other tasks, however, do
not lend themselves to this approach.

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College of Engineering – CpE Department
Reference
Beginners book, (2018, December 11). Composite keys in DBMS. Retrieved from
https://beginnersbook.com/2015/04/composite-key-in-dbms/
Christensson, P. (2007, October 17). Data Type Definition. Retrieved 2021, Apr 20, from https://techterms.com
Geeks for geeks, (2021, January 7). Denormalization in Databases. Retrieved from
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/denormalization-in-databases/
Guru99, (n.d). Hashing in DBMS: Static & Dynamic with Examples. Retrieved from
https://www.guru99.com/hashing-in-
dbms.html#:~:text=In%20DBMS%2C%20hashing%20is%20a,disk%20without%20using%20index%20structur
e.&text=Data%20is%20stored%20in%20the,data%20block%20or%20data%20bucket.
IBM, (n.d). Index file Organization. Retrieved from https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/cobol-aix/5.1?topic=mode-
indexed-file-organization
IBM, (n.d). Sequential file organization. Retrieved from https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/cobol-aix/5.1?topic=mode-
sequential-file-organization
Java T Point, (n.d). DBMS Hash File Organization. Retrieved from https://www.javatpoint.com/dbms-hash-file-
organization
Java T Point, (n.d). DBMS File organization. Retrieved from https://www.javatpoint.com/dbms-file-
organization#:~:text=File%20organization%20is%20a%20logical,placed%20on%20the%20storage%20medium.
Oracle8, (n.d). Parallel Processing & Parallel Databases. Retrieved from
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/A58617_01/server.804/a58238/ch1_unde.htm
Tutorials point, (n,d). Secondary Key. Retrieved from https://www.tutorialspoint.com/Secondary-Key-in-
RDBMS#:~:text=Secondary%20Key%20is%20the%20key,consider%20as%20a%20Primary%20key.
Tutorials point, (n.d). Teradata - JOIN Index. Retrieved from
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/teradata/teradata_join_index.htm

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