Scribd
Upload
79 views

Week 6 1 Angle and 3 Angle Projections: ST RD

The document discusses first angle and third angle projections in orthographic projections. First angle projection depicts the front view at the top if the object is in the first quadrant, while third angle projection shows the front view at the bottom for an object in the third quadrant. The document provides examples of projecting points and lines using first and third angle projections. Students are assigned problems drawing the projections of various points and lines given their locations and orientations relative to the reference planes.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Nadeem Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
79 views

Week 6 1 Angle and 3 Angle Projections: ST RD

The document discusses first angle and third angle projections in orthographic projections. First angle projection depicts the front view at the top if the object is in the first quadrant, while third angle projection shows the front view at the bottom for an object in the third quadrant. The document provides examples of projecting points and lines using first and third angle projections. Students are assigned problems drawing the projections of various points and lines given their locations and orientations relative to the reference planes.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Nadeem Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

CE-112L: Engineering Drawing for Civil Engineers (Lab)

Fall 2018
WEEK 6
1st angle and 3rd angle Projections

The four methods of projections commonly used in engineering drawing for drawing a 3D object from different
directions are orthographic projection, isometric projection, oblique projection and perspective projection. The later
three represent the 3D object by a pictorial view as human eyes see it. Orthographic projection is another method of
projection such that these are views of a 3D object taken at right angles to the object, in which the projectors (rays
drawn from various points on the object) are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane on which the views
are projected.

Reference planes/Principle planes of projection are the two planes employed for the purpose of orthographic
projection, called as the vertical plane (VP, also called as frontal plane) and horizontal plane (HP). They intersect each
other at right angle. The line where these two planes intersect is called as reference line (xy). When these planes of
projection are extended beyond the line of intersection, they form four imaginary quadrants, as shown in figure below.
For drawing the two basic views of an object (the front/side view and the top view), remember that 1st and 3rd quadrants
are always opened; hence 2nd and 4th quadrants get closed and are not used for projection.

There are two ways of drawing in orthographic - First Angle and Third Angle. They differ only in the position of the top,
front and side views.

First angle projections: If the object (whose views are required) is


situated in front of VP and above HP, i.e. in the first quadrant, and then
projected on these planes, this method of orthographic projection is
called as the first angle projection. The planes are considered to be
opaque in this case. The FV comes at the top and TV comes at the
bottom after opening the planes about the reference line xy.

Third angle projections: If the object (whose views are required) is


situated behind the VP and below the HP, i.e. in the third quadrant, and
then projected on these planes, this method of orthographic projection
is called as the third angle projection. The planes are considered to be
transparent in this case. The FV comes at the bottom and TV comes at
the top of the reference line xy.

The symbols used to define whether a projection is either first angle or


third angle, are shown below. Please read ND Bhatt’s chapter 8 for
further study.

Prepared by: Engr. Arsalan Khan


Course Instructor: Engr. Hamna Shakeel Page I of IV
CE-112L: Engineering Drawing for Civil Engineers (Lab)
Fall 2018
Sheet No. 8
Projection of points and lines: To draw projection of points and lines, using the first and third angle projection methods.
Instruments required: Soft and hard pencils, eraser, sharpener, drawing sheet, t square, set squares, compass and
masking tape.

Problem 1: A point A is 5 cm above the HP and 6 cm in


front of the VP. Draw its projections.

1. Draw the reference line xy.

2. Through any point O, draw perpendicular on this


line. From data given in the question, it is clear
that the point is in 1st quadrant. You can
understand where its front and top view will be
from xy.

3. Mark a point B on the perpendicular line such that


OB=5 cm. Mark another point C on the
perpendicular line such that OC=6 cm.

4. B and C are the required projections of the point.

Problem 2: A point A is 5 cm below the HP and 7 cm behind the VP. Draw its projections.

Prepared by: Engr. Arsalan Khan


Course Instructor: Engr. Hamna Shakeel Page II of IV
CE-112L: Engineering Drawing for Civil Engineers (Lab)
Fall 2018
Problem 3: A line PQ 9 cm long, is in the HP and makes an
angle of 30 degrees with the VP. Its end P is 2.5 cm in front
of the VP. Draw its projections on both the planes.

1. From the data, you may understand which angle


projection we will get. As the line is in the HP, its
TV will show the true length and true inclination
with the VP. Its front view will be in xy.

2. Draw the reference line xy. Mark point p in the TV


below xy. From p, draw the line pq 9 cm long at 30
degrees to xy.

3. To get the FV, project p to p’ and q to q’ on xy, as


FV is on xy. p’q’ is the required projection in FV.

Problem 4: The length of the TV of a line parallel to the


VP and inclined at 45 degrees to the HP is 5 cm. One end
of the line is 1.2 cm above the HP and 2.5 cm in front of
the VP. Draw its projections and find its true length.

1. From the data, you may understand which angle


projection we will get. Draw the reference line
xy. mark point a in the TV at 2.5 cm and point a’
in the FV at 1.2 cm from xy.

2. Draw the line ab in the TV having length= 5 cm


and parallel to xy, as the line is parallel to VP.

3. From a’, draw a line inclined at 45 degrees to xy.


This line will cut the projector drawn from point
b at b’.

4. You will get the line a’b’ in the FV with its actual
length. Measure it and write its length at the
specified place.

Problem 5: The FV of a 7.5 cm long line measures 5.5 cm.


The line is parallel to the HP and one of its ends is in the VP
and 2.5 cm above the HP. Draw its projections and also
determine the inclination with the VP.

Prepared by: Engr. Arsalan Khan


Course Instructor: Engr. Hamna Shakeel Page III of IV
CE-112L: Engineering Drawing for Civil Engineers (Lab)
Fall 2018
1. From the data, you may understand which angle projection we will get. Draw the reference line xy. Mark point
a, which is one end of the line in TV, and a’, its FV, 2.5 cm from xy.

2. Draw the line a’b’ in the FV 5.5 cm long. With a as center and radius= 7.5 cm, draw an arc cutting the projector
drawn from b’ at b. Join a with b which is the TV of the line. Measure its inclination with xy and write its value at
the appropriate place.

Problem 6: An 80 mm long line is parallel to and 40 mm


below the HP. Its two ends are 25 mm and 50 mm behind
the VP. Draw its projections and find the inclination.

1. The data, you may understand which angle


projection we will get. Draw the reference line
xy. Draw the point a’ 25 mm from xy in the TV.

2. Open the compass equal to the actual length of


the line and draw an arc. Get the point b’ by
measuring length of projector as 50 mm on the
arc from xy.

3. Draw the projection in the FV 40 mm from xy.

4. Measure its inclination with xy and write its value


at the appropriate place.

Prepared by: Engr. Arsalan Khan


Course Instructor: Engr. Hamna Shakeel Page IV of IV

You might also like