Electrical Power and Machines Dept.

Course: Power electronics II

DC-DC Converters
1. A dc power supply must step down a 100 V. source to 30 V. The output power is 100 W. (a) Determine
the efficiency of the linear converter when it is used for this application. (b) How much energy is lost in
the transistor in 1 year? (c) Using the electric rate of 0.14 LE/kWh, what is the cost of the energy loss
for 1 year?
2. A buck converter has the following parameters: Vs = 15 V, D = 0.6, L = 10 µH, C = 50 µF, and R= 5 Ω.
The switching frequency is 150 kHz. Determine (a) the output voltage, (b) the maximum and minimum
inductor currents, and (c) the output voltage ripple.
3. A buck converter has an input of 50 V and an output of 25 V. The switching frequency is 100 kHz, and
the output power to a load resistor is 125 W. (a) Determine the duty ratio. (b) Determine the value of
inductance to limit the peak inductor current to 6.25 A. (c) Determine the value of capacitance to limit
the output voltage ripple to 0.5 percent.
4. A buck converter has an input voltage that varies between 50 and 60 V and a load that varies between
75 and 125 W. The output voltage is 20 V. For a switching frequency of 100 kHz, determine the
minimum inductance to provide for continuous current for every operating possibility.
5. Design a buck converter to produce an output voltage of 18 V across a 10-_ load resistor. The output
voltage ripple must not exceed 0.5 percent. The dc supply is 48 V. Design for continuous inductor
current. Specify the duty ratio, the switching frequency, the values of the inductor and capacitor, the
peak voltage rating of each device, and the rms current in the inductor and capacitor. Assume ideal
components.
6. The voltage Vx in the circuit below for the buck converter with continuous inductor current is the pulsed
waveform shown beside the circuit. The Fourier series for this waveform has a dc term of VsD. The ac
terms have a fundamental frequency equal to the switching frequency and amplitudes given by

Vx
Vs

DTs Ts t

Using ac circuit analysis, determine the amplitude of the first ac term of the Fourier series for voltage
across the load for the buck converter in prob. 2. Compare your result with the peak-to-peak voltage
ripple determined in the example. Comment on your results.
7. (a) If the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor in the buck converter in prob. 5 is 0.5 Ω, re-
compute the output voltage ripple. (b) Re-compute the required capacitance to limit the output voltage
ripple to 0.5 percent if the ESR of the capacitor is given by rC = 50*10-6/C Ω, where C is in farads.

1 Dr. Abdelmomen Osama A. Mahgoub

February 2016
 Electrical Power and Machines Dept. Course: Power electronics II
Faculty of Engineering Course Code: EPMN309
Cairo University Spring 2016

8. A boost converter has an input of 5 V and an output of 25 W at 15 V. The minimum inductor current
must be no less than 50 percent of the average. The output voltage ripple must be less than 1 percent.
The switching frequency is 300 kHz. Determine the duty ratio, minimum inductor value, and minimum
capacitor value.
9. Design a boost converter to provide an output of 18 V from a 12-V source. The load is 20 W. The
output voltage ripple must be less than 0.5 percent. Specify the duty ratio, the switching frequency, the
inductor size and rms current rating, and the capacitor size and rms current rating. Design for
continuous current. Assume ideal component.
10. The ripple of the output voltage of the boost converter was determined assuming the capacitor current
was constant when the diode was off. In reality, the current is a decaying exponential with a time
constant RC. Using the capacitance and resistance values of 48 µF and 50 Ω, determine the change in
output voltage while evaluating the voltage decay in the RC circuit closes the switch. Compare it to that
determined from equations in the lecture.
11. A buck-boost converter has Vs = 24 V, Vo = 36 V, and a load resistance of 10 Ω. If the switching
frequency is 100 kHz, (a) determine the inductance such that the minimum current is 40 percent of the
average and (b) determine the capacitance required to limit the output voltage ripple to 0.5 percent.
12. Design a buck-boost converter that has a source that varies from 10 to 14 V. The output is regulated at
12 V. The load varies from 10 to 15 W. The output voltage ripple must be less than 1 percent for any
operating condition. Determine the range of the duty ratio of the switch. Specify values of the inductor
and capacitor, and explain how you made your design decisions.
13. Design a Ćuk converter that has an input of 25 V and an output of 30 V. The load is 60 W. Specify the
duty ratio, switching frequency, inductor values, and capacitor values. The maximum change in
inductor currents must be 20 percent of the average currents. The ripple voltage across C1 must be less
than 5 percent, and the output ripple voltage must be less than 1 percent
14. A SEPIC circuit has an input voltage of 15 V and is to have an output of 6 V. The load resistance is 2
Ω, and the switching frequency is 250 kHz. Determine values of L1 and L2 such that the variation in
inductor current is 40 percent of the average value. Determine values of C1 and C2 such that the
variation in capacitor voltage is 2 %.
15. In a buck boost converter operating at 20kHz, L= 0.05mH. The output capacitor C is sufficiently large
and Vs =15V. The output is to be regulated at 10V and the converter is supplying a load of 10W.
Calculate the duty ratio k.
16. A boost converter was designed for a 50 Ω load. (a) What is the limitation on the load resistance for
continuous-current operation? (b) What would be the range of output voltage for a load resistance range
of 25 to 100 Ω? (c) Redesign the converter so inductor current remains continuous for a load resistance
range of 25 to 100 Ω.

2 Dr. Abdelmomen Osama A. Mahgoub

February 2016