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JAMESEDRIAN RUBIO - What Have You Learned in Course Unit 3

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21 views

JAMESEDRIAN RUBIO - What Have You Learned in Course Unit 3

Uploaded by

JamED ALRubio
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JAMES EDRIAN A.

RUBIO APRIL 6, 2021


BSCE - 1A

"WHAT HAVE I LEARNED IN COURSE UNIT 3: WORK, ENERGY, AND POWER”

● Work is a scalar quantity which refers to a specific force applied over a specific
distance.
○ The work done by a force of 1N acting through a distance of 1m is known as
Joule (J).
○ The work done in lifting an object of mass “m” to a height “h” is given by the
formula W = mgh.
○ The work done by the external force on a particle is equal to the change in
Kinetic Energy of the particle.
○ The work done by all forces except the gravitational force is always equal to the
total Mechanical Energy of the system.
○ There is no work when the force is perpendicular to the displacement.
○ Total work is zero if the body is at rest or moving at constant velocity.
○ It has a unit of: Joules (J), Kilowatt-hour (kwh), Erg.
● Energy is defined as the capacity to do work.
○ The energy by virtue of the object’s position of elevation is called Potential
Energy.
■ The energy stored in a stretched or compressed elastic material such as
a spring is called Elastic Potential Energy.
■ The energy of an object due to its vertical separation from the Earth’s
surface is known as Gravitational Potential Energy. The change in
Gravitational Potential Energy depends on the initial and final vertical
position of an object.
○ The energy by virtue of the object’s motion is called Kinetic Energy. It varies
directly with two quantities: the mass and the velocity of the object. The more
massive and faster the object moves, the more energetic it may become.
● Work-Energy Theorem states that “the work done by the net force on a particle is equal
to the change in its kinetic energy.”
● Power is the rate at which work is done.
● The power delivered by any machine is always less than the power supplied to it due to
the presence of friction.
● A Conservative Force refers to a force which offers two-way conversion of potential and
kinetic energies. Gravitational Force and Elastic Spring Force are two common
examples of conservative force. It has an associated potential energy. The associated
potential energy for gravitational force is the gravitational potential energy while the
associated potential energy for elastic spring force is the elastic potential energy.
● The opposite of Conservative Force is called the Nonconservative Force, also known as
the “dissipative force” in which friction is the best example.
● The Law of Conservation of Energy states the energy can neither be created nor
destroyed, it can only change its form from one to another.
● The Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy (Conservative System) states the
Kinetic Energy + Potential Energy = Constant.

BASIC FORMULAE

Work:
W = F • Δx ; W = F • Δy
Where:
W - Work done by the force
F - Force parallel to the displacement (Weight, Normal Force. Tension, Friction, Applied For
Δx or Δy - displacement

Total Work Done:


ΣW = W T + W f + W w + W η = ΣF • Δx
Where:
ΣW = total work
W T = work by tension
W f = work by frictional force
W w = work by weight
W η = work by normal force
ΣF = net force
Δx = Horizontal displacement

Power:
F •Δx
P = W
Δt = Δt = F • v ave
Where:
P = Power (Watts, Horsepower)
W = Work (J)
Δt =Time interval (s)
F - Force
Δx = displacement
(v i +v f )
v ave = Average velocity = 2

Energy:
K inetic Energy (K) = 1
2 • mv 2
Where:
K = Kinetic Energy (J)
m = mass (kg)
v = velocity (m/s)

Work-Energy Theorem:
ΣW = ΔK = K f − K i = 21 mv f 2 − 21 mv i 2
Where:
ΣW = total work (J)
ΔK = change in Kinetic Energy (J)
K f = Final Kinetic Energy (J)
K i = Initial Kinetic Energy (J)
m = mass of an object (kg)
v f = Final Velocity (m/s)
v i = Initial Velocity (m/s)

Gravitational Potential Energy:


U grav = mgh
Where:
U grav = Gravitational Potential Energy (J)
m = mass (kg)
g = acceleration due to gravity (m/s/s)
h = height from specific point (m)

Work done by Gravity:


ΣW =− ΔU =− (U f − U i ) =− mgΔh =− mg(hf − hi )
Where:
ΣW = total work
ΔU = change in potential energy; U f = Final Potential Energy, U i = Initial Potential Energy
m = mass (kg)
g = gravitational acceleration (m/s/s)
h = height from specific point (m)
Δh = change in height; hf = Final Height, hi = Initial Height

Deformation of the Spring:


F = kx
Where:
F = Force (N)
k = Spring constant (N/m)
x = distance from equilibrium (m)

Elastic Potential Energy:


U el = 21 kx2
Where:
U el = Elastic Potential Energy (J)
k = Spring constant (N/m)
x = distance from equilibrium (m)

Work done on the Spring:


(
W = 21 k xf 2 − xi 2 )
Where:
W = Work done by the spring
k = Spring constant (N/m)
xf = Final position of the end of the spring from equilibrium position
xi = Initial position of the end of the spring from equilibrium position

Total Mechanical Energy:


E =K +U
Where:
E =Total Mechanical Energy
K =Kinetic Energy
U =Potential Energy

Law of Conservation of Energy:


Ei = Ef → U i + Ki = U f + Kf
Where:
E i = Initial Mechanical Energy
E f = Final Mechanical Energy
U i = Initial Potential Energy
U f = Final Potential Energy
K i = Initial Kinetic Energy
K f = Final Kinetic Energy

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