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Lesson 9: Global Demography

The document discusses several topics related to global demography: 1. It outlines learning outcomes on population and economic welfare, effects of aging and overpopulation, and reproductive health positions. 2. Several theories of population are described, including Malthusian, Cornucopian, and Demographic Transition theories. 3. Issues regarding women's reproductive rights are examined, arguing that empowering women's choices can positively impact population and development. 4. The relationship between population growth and factors like food security, economic development, and environment are also explored from different perspectives.

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1K views

Lesson 9: Global Demography

The document discusses several topics related to global demography: 1. It outlines learning outcomes on population and economic welfare, effects of aging and overpopulation, and reproductive health positions. 2. Several theories of population are described, including Malthusian, Cornucopian, and Demographic Transition theories. 3. Issues regarding women's reproductive rights are examined, arguing that empowering women's choices can positively impact population and development. 4. The relationship between population growth and factors like food security, economic development, and environment are also explored from different perspectives.

Uploaded by

rheazeenylaya16
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 9: GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY

Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:


1. Discuss the relationship between population and economic welfare.
2. Identify the effects of aging and overpopulation; and
3. Differentiate between contrasting positions over reproductive health.

Global
 relating to the whole world; worldwide.
Demography
 is the statistical study of populations, especially human beings.

Rural communities

 typically have smaller populations and an agricultural setting, but some


areas contain forests.
 Often welcome an extra hand to help in crop cultivation,particularly during
the planting and harvesting seasons.

Urban community 

 is something which an individual thought as, an area with high density of


population, an area with the availability of basic requirements, an area of
good resources, the area has lots of opportunity of employment and such
an area which can be considered as life-giving for luxurious desires of
human or individual. 

Urban Population have grown but not necessarily because families are having
more children. It is rather the combination of natural outcome of significant
migration to the cities by people seeking work in the “more modern” sectors
of society.
THE “PERILS” OF OVERPOPULATION

Urbanization
 the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as
more and more people begin living and working in central areas.
Industrialization
  a transformation away from an agricultural- or resource-based economy,
toward an economy based on mass manufacturing.
Thomas Robert Malthus
 A British Schlar
 Wrote the book “An Essay on the principle of population” published in
1798.
 In that book he warned that population growth will inevitably exhaust
world food supply by the middle of the 19th century.

Paul R. Ehrlich and his wife Anne H. Ehrlich


 They wrote “The Population Bomb”.
 It argued that overpopulation in the 1970s and 1980s will bring about
global environmental disasters that lead to food shortage and mass
starvation.

As early as 1958, the American policy journal, Foreign Affairs, had already
advocated “contraception and sterialization” as the practical solutions to global
economic,social, and political problems.

Finally, politics determine these “birth control” programs. Developed


countries justify their support for population control in developing countries by
depicting the latter as conservative societes.
THEORIES OF POPULATION

Malthusian Theory
Mention 3 Factors that would control human population that exceeded the earths
carrying capacity
 War
 Famine
 Disease
Thomas Robert Malthus termed them as "positive checks" because they increase
Death rates.

Cornucopian Theory
 Scoffs at the idea of humans wiping themselves out. It assertals that
human ingenuity can resolve environmental or social issues.
Demographic Transition Theory
 Refers to the historical shift from high birth rates and high infant
death rates to low birth rates and low death rates with advance
technology, education and economic development.
Zero Population Growth
 Advocates for a goal of zero population growth (ZPG) in which the
number of people entering a population through birth or
immigration is equal to the number of people leaving it via death or
emigration.

WOMEN AND REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS

 Women is often the subject of these population measures. Reproductive


rights supporters argue that if population control and economic
development were to reach their goals, women must have control over
whether they will have children or not and when they will have their
progenies, if any.

 “the human rights of women include their right to have control over and
decide freely and responsibly on matters related to their sexuality,
including sexual and reproductive health, free of coercion, discrimination
and violence. ”
 Women’s sexual and reproductive health is related to multiple human
rights, including the right to life, the right to be free from torture, the right
to health, the right to privacy, the right to education, and the prohibition
of discrimination.
 Moreover, the more educated a woman is the better are her prospects of
improving her economic position.” Women can spend most of the time
pursuing either their higher education or their careers, instead of forcibly
reducing this time to take care of their children.”
 A country being industrialized and developed, however, does not
automatically assure pro-women reproductive regulations.

THE FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE

 Feminists - approach the issue of reproductive rights from another angle.


They are, foremost, against any form of population control because they
are compulsory by nature, resorting to a carrot-and-stick approach that
actually does not empower women.
 They believe that government assumptions that poverty and environmental
degradation are caused by overpopulation are wrong.
 Feminist also point out that here is very little evidence that point to
overpopulation as the culprit behind poverty and ecological devastation.
 Hence, globally women’s and feminist arguments on reproductive rights
and overpopulation are acknowledge, but the struggle to turn them into
policy is still fought at the national level.

POPULATION GROWTH AND FOOD SECURITY


 The world population is the total number of living humans on Earth.

 Today’s global population has reached 7.4 billion, and it is estimated to


increase to 9.5 billion in 20,50 then 11.2 billion by 2100.

 The current population of the Philippines is 110,695,150 as of Thursday,


April 8, 2021, based on World meter elaboration of the latest United
Nations data.

 Some of the reasons for the Philippines' rapidly growth in population are
poverty, Poor Contraceptive Use, Child Labor, Reduced Mortality Rates,
Fertility Treatment, Immigration and etc.

EFFECT ON POPULATION GROWTH ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Population growth affects economic development in two ways:


 Promoting the economic development
 Retarding the economic development

Promoting the Economic Development:


 Increase the per capita product
 Rise in labor productivity
 Population growth as a source of capital formation.

Factors retarding economic growth:


 Environment Social
 infrastructure
 Agriculture
 development Per capita income
 Urbanization
 Over use of resources
 Investment

WORLD’S POPULATION AND FOOD SUPPLY


 Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations has done
much to publicize the fact that a large percentage of the world's people are
undernourished.

 Food Safety Act of 2013. Republic Act (RA) No. 10611

 Population and income are the major factors in determining food


consumption.

 World food demand is growing at a rate of 2% per year 1.8% of this because
of population increase and .2% because of rising income.

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