DNVGL Ru Ship Pt2ch1
DNVGL Ru Ship Pt2ch1
Ships
Edition July 2020
Part 2 Materials and welding
Chapter 1 General requirements for
materials and fabrication
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DNV GL AS
FOREWORD
DNV GL rules for classification contain procedural and technical requirements related to obtaining
and retaining a class certificate. The rules represent all requirements adopted by the Society as
basis for classification.
© DNV GL AS July 2020
Any comments may be sent by e-mail to [email protected]
This service document has been prepared based on available knowledge, technology and/or information at the time of issuance of this
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or following from mandatory law, the liability of DNV GL AS, its parent companies and subsidiaries as well as their officers, directors and
employees ("DNV GL") for proved loss or damage arising from or in connection with any act or omission of DNV GL, whether in contract or in
tort (including negligence), shall be limited to direct losses and under any circumstance be limited to 300,000 USD.
CHANGES – CURRENT
Part 2 Chapter 1 Changes - current
This document supersedes the July 2019 edition of DNVGL-RU-SHIP Pt.2 Ch.1.
Numbering and/or title of items containing changes are highlighted in red colour.
Changes July 2020, entering into force 1 January 2021
Editorial corrections
In addition to the above stated changes, editorial corrections may have been made.
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General requirements for materials and fabrication
DNV GL AS
CONTENTS
Part 2 Chapter 1 Contents
Changes – current.................................................................................................. 3
Section 1 General.................................................................................................... 6
1 Introduction.........................................................................................6
1.1 Scope..............................................................................................6
1.2 Application....................................................................................... 6
1.3 Relation to other Society documents................................................... 6
2 References, abbreviations and symbols............................................... 6
2.1 Terminology and definitions............................................................... 6
2.2 References....................................................................................... 7
2.3 Abbreviations..................................................................................11
2.4 Symbols.........................................................................................14
3 Required compliance documentation................................................. 16
3.1 Compliance documents.................................................................... 16
3.2 Documentation requirements............................................................19
3.3 Survey, inspection and testing requirements...................................... 19
3.4 Evaluation for acceptance of materials specified by other standards....... 20
Section 2 Manufacture, survey and compliance documentation............................ 22
1 General.............................................................................................. 22
1.1 Application..................................................................................... 22
2 Approval of manufacturers................................................................ 22
2.1 General..........................................................................................22
2.2 Application..................................................................................... 22
2.3 Approval process............................................................................ 23
3 Testing and inspection.......................................................................24
3.1 General..........................................................................................24
3.2 Survey during manufacture.............................................................. 24
3.3 Chemical composition...................................................................... 24
3.4 Heat treatment............................................................................... 25
3.5 Selection of test material.................................................................25
3.6 Definitions relevant to testing...........................................................25
3.7 Testing...........................................................................................26
3.8 Retesting....................................................................................... 26
3.9 Visual and non-destructive testing.................................................... 27
4 Identification and required compliance documentation..................... 27
4.1 Identification of materials................................................................ 27
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4.2 Required compliance documentation for materials............................... 28
Part 2 Chapter 1 Contents
Section 3 Testing procedures................................................................................ 30
1 General.............................................................................................. 30
1.1 Scope............................................................................................ 30
1.2 Documentation requirements............................................................30
1.3 Testing machines type, maintenance and calibration............................ 30
2 Preparation of test specimens........................................................... 31
2.1 General requirements...................................................................... 31
3 Test methods..................................................................................... 31
3.1 Tensile testing at ambient temperature..............................................31
3.2 Tensile testing at elevated temperature............................................. 36
3.3 Impact testing................................................................................ 36
3.4 Bend testing...................................................................................38
3.5 Drop-weight testing........................................................................ 40
3.6 Ductility test for pipes and tubes...................................................... 41
3.7 Hardness test................................................................................. 46
3.8 Determination of grain size.............................................................. 46
3.9 Strain age test............................................................................... 46
3.10 Fracture mechanics testing.............................................................47
3.11 Crack arrest test........................................................................... 49
3.12 Other testing................................................................................ 49
Changes – historic................................................................................................ 50
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DNV GL AS
SECTION 1 GENERAL
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 1
1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This chapter specifies general requirements for materials used for construction of vessels and their
equipment related to:
— manufacture and manufacturer
— chemical composition
— heat treatment
— inspection and survey
— identification and certification
— testing and retesting
— testing machines
— test specimens and test methods.
1.1.2 The requirements apply for assignment of class.
1.1.3 Upon agreement, the scope may be extended to other applications.
1.2 Application
1.2.1 The requirements apply to:
— testing laboratories
— manufacturers
— builders
— sub-contractors of manufactured, constructed and where relevant, repaired:
— materials
— vessels and components.
1.2.2 Upon agreement, the application may be extended to include others.
1.3 Relation to other Society documents
1.3.1 Ch.2 to Ch.4 give the specific requirements related to manufacture and fabrication of materials,
structures and components. Specific or additional requirements may also be provided in Ch.2 to Ch.4, and
other parts of the Society's rules and standards. In case of conflicting requirements, the specific or additional
requirements are prevailing.
2 References, abbreviations and symbols
2.1 Terminology and definitions
2.1.1 General terminology and definitions are given in Pt.1 Ch.1 Sec.1 [1.2].
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Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 1
2.2 References
References used in this chapter are listed in Table 1. Unless otherwise agreed, the latest version of the
referred standards valid at the date of release for the current rules is applicable.
Table 1 References
Reference Title
ANSI H35.2 American National Standard Dimensional Tolerances for Aluminum Mill Products
ASTM A48 Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings
Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and
ASTM A53
Seamless
ASTM A106 Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
ASTM A135 Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe
Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese
ASTM A178
Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon-Molybdenum Alloy-Steel Boiler and Superheater
ASTM A209
Tubes
ASTM A210 Standard Specification for Seamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and
ASTM A213
Heat-Exchanger Tubes
Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for
ASTM A234
Moderate and High Temperature Service
Standard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless
ASTM A262
Steels
Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General
ASTM A269
Service
ASTM A275 Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
Standard Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless
ASTM A312
Steel Pipes
Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature Service and
ASTM A333
Other Applications with Required Notch Toughness
Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon and Alloy-Steel Tubes for Low-
ASTM A334
Temperature Service
Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel
ASTM A358
Pipe for High-Temperature Service and General Applications
ASTM A370 Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
ASTM A335 Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
ASTM A388 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings
ASTM A403 Standard Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings
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Reference Title
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 1
Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-
ASTM A420
Temperature Service
ASTM A473 Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings
Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Rolled Steel Plates for
ASTM A578
Special Applications
Standard Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic
ASTM A609
Examination Thereof
Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe
ASTM A744
Service
Standard Specification for Through-Thickness Tension Testing of Steel Plates for Special
ASTM A770
Applications
Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for
ASTM A789
General Service
ASTM A790 Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
Standard Specification for Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic, and Martensitic Stainless Steel
ASTM A815
Piping Fittings
Standard Specification for Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe Electric Fusion
ASTM A928
Welded with Addition of Filler Metal
ASTM A960 Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Wrought Steel Piping Fittings
Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves,
ASTM A961
and Parts for Piping Applications
ASTM A965 Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High Temperature Parts
Standard Test Method for Conducting Temperature Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to
ASTM A991
Heat Treat Steel Products
Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure
ASTM A1049
Vessels and Related Components
Standard Specification for High Magnesium Aluminum-Alloy Products for Marine Service and
ASTM B928
Similar Environments
ASTM E23 Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
ASTM E94 Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination
ASTM E112 Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
ASTM E165 Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
Standard Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition
ASTM E208
Temperature of Ferritic Steels
ASTM E709 Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
Standard Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels and
ASTM G48
Related Alloys by Use of Ferric Chloride Solution
Standard Test Method for Visual Assessment of Exfoliation Corrosion Susceptibility of 5XXX
ASTM G66
Series Aluminum Alloys (ASSET Test)
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Reference Title
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 1
Standard Test Method for Determining the Susceptibility to Intergranular Corrosion of 5XXX
ASTM G67
Series Aluminum Alloys by Mass Loss After Exposure to Nitric Acid (NAMLT Test)
EN 515 Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Wrought products - Temper designations
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 1: Technical
EN 755-1
conditions for inspection and delivery
EN 1369 Founding - Magnetic particle testing
EN 1371-1 Founding - Liquid penetrant testing - Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings
EN 1561 Founding - Grey cast irons
Ultrasonic Testing of Steel Flat Product of Thickness Equal or Greater than 6 mm (reflection
EN 10160
method)
EN 10163 Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates, wide flats and sections
Steel products with improved deformation properties perpendicular to the surface of the
EN 10164
product - Technical delivery conditions
EN 10204 Metallic Products - Types of inspection documents
EN 10216 Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes - Technical delivery conditions
EN 10217 Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes
EN 10222 Steel forgings for pressure purposes
EN 10225 Weldable structural steels for fixed offshore structures - Technical delivery conditions
EN 10228 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings
EN 10253 Butt-welding pipe fittings
Steels and nickel alloys for fasteners with specified elevated and/or low temperature
EN 10269
properties
ISO 148-1 Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test - Part 1: Test method
ISO 148-2 Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test - Part 2: Verification of testing machines
ISO 185 Grey cast irons - Classification
ISO 643 Steels - Micrographic determination of the apparent grain size
ISO 898 Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel
Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials - Welding
ISO 15614-1 procedure test - Part 1: Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel
alloys
ISO 2566 Steel - Conversion of elongation values
ISO 3452 Non-destructive Testing – Penetrant inspection/testing
ISO 3506 Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners
ISO 4136 Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials – Transverse tensile test
Steel -- Determination of content of non-metallic inclusions -- Micrographic method using
ISO 4967
standard diagrams
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Reference Title
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 1
ISO 4992 Steel castings -- Ultrasonic examination
ISO 4993 Steel and iron castings -- Radiographic testing
Non-destructive testing - Radiographic testing of metallic materials using film and X- or
ISO 5579
gamma rays - Basic rules
ISO 6362 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys -- Extruded rods/bars, tubes and profiles
ISO 6506 Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test
Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing
ISO 6506-2
machines
ISO 6507 Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test
Metallic materials - Vickers hardness test - Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing
ISO 6507-2
machines
ISO 6508 Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test
ISO 6892 Metallic materials - Tensile testing
Metallic materials - Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part 1:
ISO 7500-1 Tension/compression testing machines - Calibration and verification of the force-measuring
system
ISO 8492 Metallic materials - Tube - Flattening test
ISO 8493 Metallic materials - Tube - Drift-expanding test
ISO 8494 Metallic materials - Tube - Flanging test
ISO 8495 Metallic materials - Tube - Ring-expanding test
ISO 8496 Metallic materials - Tube - Ring tensile test
ISO 9017 Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Fracture test
ISO 9329 Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes
ISO 9330 Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes
ISO 9712 Non-destructive testing – Qualification and certification of NDT personnel
ISO 10474 Steel and steel products - Inspection documents
ISO 10893 Non-destructive testing of steel tubes
Metallic materials - Unified method of test for the determination of quasistatic fracture
ISO 12135
toughness
Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials -- Welding
ISO 15614
procedure test
Metallic materials - Method of test for the determination of quasistatic fracture toughness of
ISO 15653
welds
ISO 17638 Non-destructive testing of welds - Magnetic particle testing
Non-destructive testing of welds - Ultrasonic testing - Techniques, testing levels, and
ISO 17640
assessment
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Reference Title
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 1
JIS B2312 Steel butt-welding pipe fittings
JIS B2313 Steel plate butt-welding pipe fittings
JIS B2316 Steel socket-welding pipe fittings
JIS G3214 Stainless steel forgings for pressure vessels
JIS G3454 Carbon steel pipes for pressure service
JIS G3455 Carbon steel pipes for high pressure service
JIS G3456 Carbon steel pipes for high temperature service
JIS G3458 Alloy steel pipes
JIS G3459 Stainless steel pipes
JIS G3460 Steel tubes for low temperature service
JIS G3461 Carbon steel boiler and heat exchanger tubes
JIS G3462 Alloy steel tubes for boiler and heat exchanger
JIS G3463 Stainless steel boiler and heat exchanger tubes
2.3 Abbreviations
Abbreviations both for this chapter, for Ch.2 and for Ch.4.
Table 2 Abbreviations
Abbreviation Description
AC alternating current
AcC accelerated cooling condition
ACCP ASNT Central Certification Program
ALS accidental limit state
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AoM approval of manufacturer
AP approval
AR as-rolled
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASTM American Society for Testing of Materials
AWS American Welding Society
BCA brittle crack arrest
BM base material
CAT crack arrest temperature
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Abbreviation Description
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 1
C-Mn Carbon Manganese
CTOD crack tip opening displacement
DAC distance amplitude curve
lowest daily average temperature, see Pt.6 Ch.6. Class notation indicating the design
DAT(-X°C)
temperature applied as basis for approval
DC direct current
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Standards)
ECA engineering critical assessment
EHS extra high strength steel
EN European Standard
ESSO test large scale fracture arrest test for determination of the brittle crack arrest toughness value Kca
ET eddy current testing
FCAW flux cored arc welding
FI for information
FL fusion line
FM fracture mechanics
GCHAZ grain coarsened heat affected zone
GMAW gas metal arc welding
GTAW gas tungsten arc welding
HAZ heat affected zone
HS high strength steel
HV vickers hardness
IACS International Association of Classification Societies
IACS UR IACS unified requirements
IIW International Institute of Welding
IMO International Maritime Organization
ISO International Organisation for Standardisation
JIS Japanese Industry Standard
MAG metal active gas (welding)
MC material certificate
MIG metal inert gas (welding)
MPa Mega Pascal
MSA manufacturing survey arrangement
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Abbreviation Description
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 1
MSC Maritime Safety Committee
MT magnetic particle testing
MTR material test report
N normalised
NACE National Association of Corrosion Engineers
NDT non-destructive testing
NDTT nil-ductility test temperature
NR normalising rolling
NS normal strength steel
NSA newbuilding survey arrangement.
PAUT phased array ultrasonic testing
PT penetrant testing
Pt.X Ch.Y Sec.Z DNV GL rules Part X Chapter Y Section Z
PWHT post-weld heat treatment
pWPS preliminary welding procedure specification
Q quenching
QT quenched and tempered
R on request
material grade suffix for steels grades of improved corrosion resistance for upper surface of
RCB
inner bottom plating and surrounding structures
material grade suffix for steels grades of improved corrosion resistance for lower surface of
RCU
strength deck and surrounding structures
material grade suffix for steels grades of improved corrosion resistance for both strength deck
RCW
and inner bottom plating
RP recommended practice
RT radiographic testing
SAW submerged arc welding
SENB single-edge notch bend
SM specified microstructure
SMAW shielded metal arc welding
SMYS specified minimum yield strength
SOLAS International Convention for the Safety of Life At Sea
TIG tungsten inert gas (welding)
TOFD time of flight diffraction
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Abbreviation Description
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 1
TM thermo-mechanical rolling
TR test report
UT ultrasonic testing
VL prefix for DNV GL material grades and for DNV GL certificates
VT visual testing
W works certificate
WM weld metal or deposit
WPQR welding procedure qualification records
WPQT welding procedure qualification test
WPS welding procedure specification
WPT weld production test
WWA welding workshop approval
2.4 Symbols
Common symbols in equations and figures, applicable both for this chapter, for Ch.2 and for Ch.4.
Table 3 Symbols
Used for different measures:
1) thickness of tensile test specimens
a 2) width of abutting member for qualification of TKY welding mm
3) length related to qualification of welding of pipe branch connection
4) throat thickness of fillet welds
A Percentage elongation after fracture %
A0 Required non-proportional elongation %
A5 Elongation in % for test specimen with proportional gauge length %
Ac1 The temperature at which austenite begins to be formed upon heating a steel °C
The temperature at which the transformation of ferrite to austenite is completed
Ac3 °C
upon heating a steel
The temperature at which austenite begins to convert to ferrite upon cooling a
Ar3 °C
steel
α Angle Deg.
b Width mm
B Width mm
Bmin Minimum specimen width mm
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Symbol Definition Unit
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 1
C Outer diameter after expansion mm
CET Carbon equivalent CET %
Ceq Carbon equivalent %
Cmax Maximum carbon content %
Used for different measures:
1) test specimen diameter
d 2) journal diameter (forgings) mm
3) capital letters to give the delivery condition, e.g. N, NR, TM, QT. Optional
for steels of normal and high strength, mandatory for steels of extra high
strength
Distance from the plane of the fatigue pre-crack to the fusion line (varies along
df mm
the fatigue pre-crack)
dmax Maximum diameter mm
dmin Minimum diameter mm
Used for different measures:
D 1) external pipe diameter mm
2) diameter of toothed portion of gears
e Plastic deformation degree %
-1
e' Strain rate s
F Force N
3/2
Kca Brittle crack arrest toughness value N/mm
KV Charpy V-notch impact toughness absorbed energy J
KVL Impact tested in longitudinal direction J
KVT Impact tested in transverse direction J
Used for different measures:
-
l 1) longitudinal direction
mm
2) length
lmin Minimum length mm
Used for different measures:
1) longitudinal direction
L mm
2) length of test sample
3) length of toothed portion of gears
Lo Gauge length mm
Lc Parallel test length mm
Lmin Minimum length mm
Length of each area with acceptable location of the fatigue pre-crack (given as
λi mm
SM (λ) = specified microstructure in ISO 15653)
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Symbol Definition Unit
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 1
N Number -
Pcm Cold cracking susceptibility %
R Transition radius mm
RC Forming radius (inner radius of bends) mm
Rm Tensile strength MPa
Re Yield strength (yield point) MPa
Rp Yield strength (proof stress) MPa
Rs Transition radius mm
Rt Yield strength (proof stress), total elongation MPa
2
Su Minimum cross section area of a tensile test specimen after fracture mm
2
So Cross-sectional area of a tensile test specimen mm
Σ Sum -
Used for different measures:
mm
t 1) thickness
-
2) transverse or tangential direction
Used for different measures:
T 1) temperature -
2) transverse or tangential direction
ν Poisson’s ratio -
V Notch opening displacement mm
vc Tensile test machine crosshead separation rate mm/s
wmin Minimum width mm
Z Percentage reduction of area %
3 Required compliance documentation
3.1 Compliance documents
3.1.1 Organisations and personnel shall be have compliance documents as required by Table 4.
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Table 4 Compliance documents for organizations and personnel
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 1
Compliance
Compliance
Object document Issued by Additional description
standard*
type
*) unless otherwise specified the compliance standard is the DNV GL rules
3.1.2 For definition of AoM and WWA, see Sec.2 [2].
3.1.3 Additive manufacturing related materials shall have compliance documents as required by Table 5.
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Table 5 Compliance documents for additive manufacturing related materials
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 1
Compliance
Object Issued by Compliance standard* Additional description
document type
1) Applicable test scope shall be proposed by the designer and the manufacturer, e.g. based on available standards and
specifications, considering intended application and criticality.
2) Test scope shall be agreed with the Society.
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Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 1
3.2 Documentation requirements
3.2.1 Four different documentation requirements are defined in Pt.2, these are:
— qualification documentation for manufacturer (manufacturer specific): documentation to be prepared,
made available, submitted when required, and stored by the manufacturer
— qualification documentation for builder (builder specific): documentation to be prepared, made available,
submitted when required, and stored by the builder
— product specific: documentation prepared for a defined material/product subjected to certification in
accordance with the DNV GL rules. The documentation shall be submitted to the Society for information or
approval as specified
— vessel specific: documentation prepared for a defined vessel subjected to classification by the Society. The
documentation shall be submitted for information or approval as specified.
For general definition of documentation types, see DNVGL-CG-0550 Sec.5.
3.2.2 Qualification documentation for manufacturers
Manufacturers of materials covered by [1.1] and [1.2] shall submit or make available documentation as
required in Table 6. For testing that is carried out at independent laboratories or at builders, the requirements
apply to the relevant testing laboratory.
Table 6 Qualification documentation for manufacturer
Materials
for vessels
Z251 - Test procedure Including details for testing, retesting and non-destructive testing
and their
equipment
3.3 Survey, inspection and testing requirements
3.3.1 General survey, inspection and testing requirements are given in Table 7, and further detailed in Sec.2
[3]. Specific requirements are given in Ch.2 to Ch.4.
Table 7 Survey and testing requirements
Survey, inspection and testing item Description
— the manufacturer shall carry out a test program and submit the results, as
described in the relevant approval programme
Approval of manufacturers
— the surveyor shall be given the opportunity to witness and survey all
relevant processes and tests
— the surveyor shall be given the opportunity to survey and check at any time
all plants and equipment used in the manufacture and testing
Manufacturer plant, manufacturing
process, materials and product testing — the manufacturer shall assist the surveyor to enable him to verify that
approved processes are adhered to and to witness the selection and testing
as required by the rules
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Survey, inspection and testing item Description
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 1
— where non-destructive tests are specified for the various products, these
shall be performed under the manufacturer’s responsibility
— all tests shall be carried out by personnel qualified and certified in
Non-destructive testing accordance with recognised standards or schemes, see Table 4. When
requested, the surveyor shall be furnished with proof thereof
— when requested, the surveyor shall be given the possibility of being present
during non-destructive tests
— all products shall be checked by the manufacturer for compliance with the
specified dimensions. The manufacturer shall inspect them for defects. For
this purpose and unless otherwise approved, the products shall be in the
prescribed delivery condition and shall have a clean surface, prepared for
inspection, which is free from coatings or other protective media which
Dimensions and visual inspection
impair the detection of defects
— products that do not meet the required dimensions or show unacceptable
defects shall be clearly marked accordingly
— the products shall, when called for, be presented to the surveyor in the
condition described above
— the chemical composition of samples taken from each ladle cast shall
be determined by the manufacturer in an adequately equipped and
competently staffed laboratory and shall comply with the appropriate
requirements of Ch.2
Chemical composition
— when possible, the sample for chemical analysis shall be taken during
pouring
— the manufacturer's declared analysis will be accepted subject to occasional
checks if required by the surveyor
where the Society's certification is required, all the test material shall be
Selection and marking of test material selected and marked by the surveyor before they are removed from the
sample, unless otherwise agreed
— the appropriate tests specified in Ch.2 to Ch.4 shall be carried out at the
place of manufacture before materials are dispatched
— if the necessary facilities are not available at the manufacturer's works, the
testing shall be carried out at a testing laboratory recognized by the Society
— where the Society's certification is required, all the testing (except for
Testing of materials
chemical composition analysis) shall be witnessed by the surveyor, unless
otherwise agreed
— the surveyor may require further tests when deemed necessary
— all tests shall be carried out by competent personnel on machines of
accepted type
Retesting requirements for retesting are described in detail in Sec.2 [3.8]
3.4 Evaluation for acceptance of materials specified by other standards
3.4.1 Where indicated in the rules, materials specified to international, national or proprietary standards may
be considered for acceptance by the Society. In order to be considered for acceptance, the suitability of these
materials for the intended purpose shall first be evaluated and qualified by the manufacturer or builder.
As a minimum, the following particulars shall be specified for alternative materials:
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General requirements for materials and fabrication
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— relevant standard/specification and grade
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 1
— manufacturing process
— chemical composition
— heat treatment/delivery condition
— sampling for mechanical properties testing, e.g. sampling process, sampling frequency, at what stage of
manufacturing process, location of sample within the product, sizes, etc.
— mechanical properties
— dimensional tolerances
— if relevant, non-destructive testing.
Further particulars may be required as relevant for the approval. Requirements for approval of manufacturer
and certification of materials shall follow Sec.2 [2] and Sec.2 [4].
Guidance note:
In order for other materials to be considered for acceptance, a gap analysis report identifying the differences between the
proposed material and the corresponding DNV GL rule requirements should be submitted. Note that for all the rule requirements
not addressed in the relevant standard, or not already accepted based on the manufacturer’s evaluation and qualification, the
requirements of the Society rules apply.
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SECTION 2 MANUFACTURE, SURVEY AND COMPLIANCE
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 2
DOCUMENTATION
1 General
1.1 Application
1.1.1 This section specifies general requirements for manufacture, survey and certification of materials
used for the construction or repair of hulls, equipment, boilers and pressure vessels and machinery of
vessels classed or intended for classification by the Society. Upon agreement, the scope may be extended to
materials, products and applications not explicitly mentioned above.
Relevant requirements are given in Ch.2 to Ch.4.
1.1.2 Materials which shall comply with these requirements are defined in the relevant design and
construction parts of the rules.
1.1.3 Materials which comply with national or proprietary specifications may be accepted provided such
specifications give reasonable equivalence to the requirements of Ch.2 or are otherwise specially approved.
1.1.4 The purchaser shall supply the manufacturer with all information necessary to ensure that survey and
certification can be carried out in accordance with these rules. This applies particularly where optional or
additional conditions are specified in the relevant construction rules.
2 Approval of manufacturers
2.1 General
2.1.1 Approval of manufacturers and heat-treatment workshops (AoM), and welding workshops (WWA) are
schemes to ensure these are qualified for the manufacture, welding and heat-treatment of specified materials
and products intended for class.
The objective of AoM and WWA is to verify the manufacturers’ and service suppliers’ ability to consistently
manufacture, weld and heat-treat materials, products and structures to a given specification and according to
the Society rule requirements.
In case a manufacturer fulfills the conditions to obtain an AoM as well as a WWA, the AoM certificate issued
may include the scope of the WWA, i.e. a separate WWA certificate needs not to be issued.
2.2 Application
2.2.1 In Pt.2, the term 'approval of manufacturers' is covering approval of material manufacturers, heat-
treatment workshops and welding workshops. Approved manufacturers are published on the Society's
approval finder page.
2.2.2 Materials delivered with VL certificate (MC - issued by DNV GL) or W certificate (MD - issued by
manufacturer), see [4.2] Certification of materials, shall be manufactured at works which have been
approved by the Society.
2.2.3 Typical heat-treatments that require heat-treatment workshop approval are:
— annealing
— solution heat treatment
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— normalizing
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 2
— quenching
— tempering
— stress relieving (including post-weld heat treatment of boilers and pressure vessels)
— surface hardening.
Typical heat treatments and heat treatment facilities that do not require heat-treatment workshop approval
are:
— for material or component manufacturers approved by the Society, where heat treatment and related
facilities are part of the manufacturer approval (unless specified otherwise in the relevant rules or
manufacturer approval programme). See also [2.2.5].
— preheating before welding, and post-heating after welding at T < 350°C
— post-weld heat-treatment (PWHT) carried out as part of the production welding at the yard using portable
equipment (e.g. electric resistance mats or gas torch). Heat-treatment including PWHT using furnace
requires heat-treatment workshop approval.
2.2.4 Typical welding that require welding workshop approval (WWA):
— see detailed requirements given in Ch.4 Sec.1 [1.3]
— production welding including repair welding of materials as part of the manufacturing, where welding is
not already covered by manufacturer approval.
Typical welding and workshops where WWA is not required:
— see detailed requirements given in Ch.4 Sec.1 [1.3]
— production or repair welding of materials, carried out by the approved material manufacturers, see
[2.2.2], do not require additional welding workshop approval, but shall typically be covered by the
material manufacturer approval.
2.2.5 Subcontracted heat treatment and welding workshops may be covered by the material manufacturer
approval. WWA may also be included in the AoM certificate for heat treatment workshops and vice versa. For
these cases the manufacturer or workshop holding the AoM or WWA certificate is fully responsible for the
subcontracted work, and shall follow up accordingly to ensure that delivered products comply with relevant
rules and standards.
2.3 Approval process
2.3.1 In order to be approved, the manufacturer, welding workshop and heat-treatment workshop is required
to demonstrate and submit documentation to the effect that the necessary manufacturing, testing and
inspection facilities are available and are supervised by qualified personnel. The manufacturer and workshops
shall carry out a test program and submit the results to the Society.
Where production steps or testing is carried out by outside bodies, such tasks shall be entrusted by the
approved manufacturer or workshop only to those subcontractors, firms or institutes covered by the
approval, unless separately approved or otherwise agreed.
2.3.2 Detailed programs for approval testing are given in the relevant DNV GL class programs. For additive
manufacturing the qualification for manufacturer approval shall be done case by case.
2.3.3 When a manufacturer has more than one works/plant/site or production line and unless otherwise
agreed, the approval is only valid for the works/plant/site or production line which carried out the test
program.
2.3.4 For suspension or withdrawal of approval of manufacturer certificates, see Pt.1 Ch.1 Sec.4.
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Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 2
3 Testing and inspection
3.1 General
3.1.1 The requirements for survey, testing and inspection of materials and products manufactured by
conventional methods is covered by Pt.2. The requirements for survey, testing and inspection of other
manufacturing methods such as additive manufacturing shall be based on a case by case assessment.
3.2 Survey during manufacture
3.2.1 The surveyor shall be given the opportunity to survey and check at any time all plants and equipment
used in the manufacture and testing.
The manufacturer shall assist the surveyor to enable him to verify that approved processes are adhered to
and to witness the selection and testing as required by the rules.
3.2.2 Prior to the testing and inspection, the manufacturer shall provide the surveyor with the technical
specifications of the order and any conditions additional to the rule requirements.
3.2.3 Where non-destructive tests are specified for the various products, these shall be performed under
the manufacturer’s responsibility. The testing operators shall be certified to a recognized scheme see Sec.1
Table 4. The results together with details of the test method shall be documented by the manufacturer.
When required, the surveyor shall be given the possibility of being present during non-destructive tests. The
requirements for test method and acceptance criteria are given in the relevant sections of Ch.2.
3.2.4 All products shall be verified by the manufacturer for compliance with the specified dimensions and
surface finish requirements. They shall also be inspected by him for possible defects. For this purpose, the
products shall normally be in the prescribed delivery condition and shall have a clean surface, prepared for
inspection, which is free from coatings or other protective media which impair the detection of defects.
Products that do not meet the required dimensions or show unacceptable defects shall be clearly marked
accordingly and separated from the regular production process for clearance.
The products, when this is called for, shall be presented to the surveyor in the condition described above.
3.2.5 If there is reasonable doubt as to the quality of a product, the surveyor may require additional tests to
be performed.
3.2.6 The manufacturer shall ensure that delivered materials/products are within radioactive contamination
limits permitted by regulatory bodies/agencies, as applicable for the place of manufacture. Specification of
acceptance levels for radiation shall be documented in manufacturer’s QA/QC procedures.
3.3 Chemical composition
3.3.1 The chemical composition of samples taken from each ladle of each cast shall be determined by the
manufacturer in an adequately equipped and competently staffed laboratory and shall comply with the
appropriate requirements of Ch.2.
3.3.2 The manufacturer's declared analysis will be accepted subject to occasional checks if required by the
surveyor.
3.3.3 When required, the carbon equivalent value (Ceq) shall be calculated using the Equation (1):
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(1)
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 2
3.3.4 The cold cracking susceptibility (Pcm) for evaluation of weldability shall be calculated using Equation
(2):
(2)
3.3.5 If applicable, the carbon equivalent value (CET) is calculated according to Equation (3):
(3)
Guidance note:
The CET is included in the standard EN 1011-2 and is used as one of the parameters for preheating temperature determination.
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3.4 Heat treatment
3.4.1 All materials shall be supplied in a condition complying with the appropriate requirements of Ch.2.
3.4.2 Furnace heat treatment shall be carried out in properly constructed furnaces which are efficiently
maintained and have adequate means for control and recording of temperature. The furnace dimensions shall
be such as to allow the material to be uniformly heated to the specified temperature.
3.4.3
For heat treatment in a stabilised continuous furnace, the material heat treated continuously without
interruption and with same heat treatment parameters may be considered to be of 'same furnace batch'.
3.4.4 For heat treatment workshop approval, see [2].
3.5 Selection of test material
3.5.1 Test material sufficient for the required tests shall be provided, and preferably also for possible retest.
The test material shall be representative of the test unit or sample product. It shall be securely attached to
the sample product until all the specified heat treatments have been completed. If the test unit is reheat
treated and the test material for retest was detached, it shall be reattached to the sample product before
new heat treatment is commenced. When stated otherwise in Ch.2, the requirements of Ch.2 apply. Test
materials or test specimens shall not be separately heat-treated.
3.5.2 Materials for testing shall be suitably marked in order to ensure traceability to the represented
products. Where the Society's certification is required, all test material shall be selected and marked by the
surveyor before being removed from the sample, unless otherwise agreed.
3.6 Definitions relevant to testing
3.6.1 The following definitions apply:
Test unit: the quantity of products to be accepted or rejected, on the basis of the tests to be carried out
on sample products. The term may be applied, for example, to a specific number of products of the same
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shape and dimensions originating from one cast, or to a length of rolled material (plate or strip) or to a single
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 2
product (a large forging or casting).
Sample product: a single forging, casting, plate, tube or other wrought product selected from a test unit.
Sample: a sufficient quantity of material taken from the sample product for the purpose of producing one or
more test specimens.
Test specimen: part of the sample, with specified dimensions, machined or un-machined, brought to a
required condition for submission to a given test.
3.7 Testing
3.7.1 The appropriate tests specified in Ch.2 to Ch.4 shall be carried out at the place of manufacture before
materials are dispatched. If the necessary facilities are not available at the manufacturer's works, the testing
shall be carried out at a recognized testing laboratory.
Where the Society's certification is required, all the testing (except for chemical composition analysis) shall
be witnessed by the surveyor, unless otherwise agreed.
3.7.2 Any material proving unsatisfactory during subsequent processing or fabrication shall be rejected,
notwithstanding any previous certification.
The surveyor may require further tests of materials from affected test units.
3.8 Retesting
3.8.1 When the result of any test, other than impact test, fails to meet the requirements, two further tests
may be made from the same sample. If both of these additional tests are satisfactory, the test unit may be
accepted.
3.8.2 When the results from a set of three impact test specimens fail to meet the requirements, the test
unit is rejected, or alternatively, three additional test specimens from the same sample may be tested. The
results are added to those previously obtained. The test unit may be accepted if:
— the average of all six specimens complies with the requirements, and
— not more than two individual results are lower than the specified minimum average requirement and
— of these, not more than one result is below 70% of the specified minimum average requirement.
3.8.3 If unsatisfactory results are obtained from retests representative of a test unit, see [3.8.2], the
product from which the tests were made shall be rejected. The remaining material in the test unit may be
accepted provided that two further products are tested with satisfactory result.
3.8.4 When a test unit is rejected, see [3.8.2] and [3.8.3], the remaining products in the test unit may be
resubmitted individually for test, and those which give satisfactory results may be accepted.
3.8.5 At the option of the manufacturer, rejected material may be resubmitted after heat-treatment or
reheat-treatment, or may be resubmitted as another grade and may then be accepted provided the required
tests are satisfactory.
Where the material is submitted to heat treatment or re-heat treatment, all the tests previously performed
shall be repeated and the results shall meet the specified requirements.
3.8.6 If any test fails because of faulty specimen preparation, visible defects or in the case of tensile test
because of fracturing outside the range permitted for the appropriate gauge length, the defective test
specimen may be disregarded and replaced by an additional test specimen of the same type.
3.8.7 If a large proportion of the products fail the tests, e.g. because of constantly recurring manufacturing
defects, the entire delivery may be rejected by the Society.
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The manufacturer shall determine any cause of recurring manufacture defect and establish countermeasures
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 2
to prevent its recurrence. Investigation reports to this effect along with additional information required by the
Society shall be made available to the surveyor. The frequency and extent of testing for subsequent products
is at the discretion of the Society.
Guidance note:
It is the manufacturer’s responsibility to ensure that effective manufacture and process controls, and where relevant, qualified and/
or approved processes are implemented and adhered to in production. The approved manufacturing processes may be revisited,
and the manufacturer approval certificate may be reconsidered, see [2.3.4].
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3.9 Visual and non-destructive testing
3.9.1 Internal and surface defects: all finished material shall have a workmanlike finish and shall be free
from internal and surface defects prejudicial to the use of the material for the intended application. Otherwise
the material shall comply with the appropriate specific requirements of the subsequent rule chapters.
3.9.2 Correction of defects: when defects are found, these shall be removed by appropriate methods and
rectified in accordance with the applicable requirements of Ch.2.
4 Identification and required compliance documentation
4.1 Identification of materials
4.1.1 The manufacturer shall adopt a system of identification which enables all finished material to be traced
to the original cast, including the documentation of all important production steps. The surveyor shall be
given full facilities for tracing the materials when required.
4.1.2 Before acceptance, all materials which have been tested and inspected with satisfactory results shall be
clearly marked by the manufacturer in at least one place with the following particulars:
a) the Society’s brand, as furnished by the surveyor
b) manufacturer's name or trade mark
c) material grade
d) identification number, cast number or other marking which will enable the full history of the product to
be traced
e) the VL certificate number, where applicable and as furnished by the surveyor
f) if required by the purchaser, his order number or other identification marks.
4.1.3 A number of light materials such as shapes and bars weighing ≤ 25 kg per metre may be securely
fastened together in bundles. For this case, the manufacturer may mark only the top piece of each bundle, or
alternatively attach a durable label securely to each bundle. The content of the required marking is given in
[4.1.2].
4.1.4 The marking is normally made by hard stamping, except where this may be detrimental to the material
or production process, in which case stencilling, painting or electric etching may be used. Other marking
systems providing durable identification and traceability may also be accepted, e.g. for products with wall
thickness t < 6 mm.
4.1.5 All marks shall be applied so that their legibility cannot be impaired by the transportation or storage
of the products. Where the further processing of the products entails the removal of existing marks, the
manufacturer/subsidiary concerned shall apply these to a different spot and shall arrange with the Society for
the transfer of the Society stamp, unless another solution is adopted.
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4.1.6 In the event of any material bearing the Society's brand failing to comply with the test requirements,
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 2
the brand shall be unmistakably defaced by the manufacturer.
4.2 Required compliance documentation for materials
4.2.1 Upon delivery, the manufacturer shall provide the type of compliance document required in the
relevant construction rules.
4.2.2 Specific preconditions for material compliance documents for classification apply, see Table 1. For
general definitions of compliance document types and compliance document requirements systematics, see
DNVGL-CG-0550 Sec.3.
Table 1 Preconditions for material compliance documents for classification
Doc.
Issued by Preconditions Guidance and examples
type
4.2.3 The inspection certificate shall include the following particulars:
— purchaser's name and order number and if known the vessel identification for which the material is
intended
— manufacturer's name
— description of the product, dimensions, weight, etc.
— identification of specification or grade of material
— identification of the cast and product
— ladle analysis for specified elements
— results of all specified inspections (including NDT) and mechanical tests
— condition of supply and where appropriate, details of heat treatment. For QT steels: tempering
temperature or recommended post-weld heat treatment temperature.
Except for rolled steel and unless otherwise agreed, separate inspection certificates shall be issued for each
grade of material and each product form.
4.2.4 A product intended for 'MC Society' or 'MD manufacturer' certification (VL or Works (W) certification)
may be made from semi-finished products not produced at the works where it will be finished by final
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rolling, forging or heat treatment. For this case, the semi-finished product shall be delivered with at least W
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 2
certificate stating process of manufacture and chemical composition, and with traceable identification. The
works at which the material was produced shall be approved. Typical semi-finished products are indicated in
Figure 1.
Note:
Where stricter certification requirements for semi-finished products are agreed or are given in the subsequent parts of the rules,
the stricter requirements apply.
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Figure 1 Overview of typical semi-finished products
4.2.5 Regarding electronic certificates, see Pt.1 Ch.1 Sec.4.
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SECTION 3 TESTING PROCEDURES
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
1 General
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 This section specifies the requirements for testing machines, test specimens and testing procedures
when testing ferrous and nonferrous metals.
1.1.2 Alternative test specimens, such as those complying with recognized national and international
standards may be accepted subject to approval by the Society and on condition that the test specimens will
give comparable results. The same applies to the given testing procedures.
1.2 Documentation requirements
1.2.1 Qualification documentation for manufacturer
Manufacturers of materials as defined in Sec.1 [1] shall submit or make available documentation as required
in Table 1. For testing that is carried out at independent laboratories or at builders, the requirements apply to
the relevant testing laboratory.
Table 1 Qualification documentation for manufacturer
Testing equipment and For calibration, shall be available at the
Z260 - Report
facilities manufacturer.
The Society's rules, and ISO 6892 or another
Test specimen dimensions
Z100 - Specification agreed recognised standard shall be available at the
and tolerances
manufacturer.
Testing not described in this section may be
Test methods not described required for certain products. In such cases the
Z251 - Test procedure
in this section testing standard or procedure shall be accepted by
the Society.
Containing information as given in ISO 12135
Fracture mechanics test Z261 - Test report (paragraph 8 Test report) and in ISO 15653
(paragraph 13 Test report).
1.3 Testing machines type, maintenance and calibration
1.3.1 All tests shall be carried out by competent personnel on machines of accepted type. The machines shall
be maintained in satisfactory and accurate condition and shall be calibrated at approximately annual intervals
by a testing authority acknowledged by the Society. A record of such calibrations shall be kept available at
the test laboratory.
1.3.2 Tensile testing machine load cells shall be calibrated ±1% in accordance with ISO 7500-1 or another
recognised standard.
1.3.3 Impact testing shall be carried out on Charpy V-notch machines calibrated to ISO 148-2, ASTM E23 or
equivalent dependent on the testing machine type.
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1.3.4 Stationary hardness testing equipment shall be calibrated at least yearly on calibrated test blocks.
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
Portable hardness testers shall be calibrated on calibrated test blocks before and after use each day, or at 4
hours intervals, whichever is smaller. In case the manufacturer’s specification indicates shorter intervals, the
manufacturer’s specification shall be followed. In case the calibration after use indicates values outside the
calibration tolerances, the measurements performed after the previous calibration shall be repeated after a
new calibration of the hardness tester. It shall be verified that the acceptable tolerances for the equipment
parameters and the indicating accuracy are complied with in accordance with the appropriate standards.
Guidance note:
Examples of standards for calibration are ISO 6506-2 and ISO 6507-2.
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2 Preparation of test specimens
2.1 General requirements
2.1.1 The preparation shall be done in such a manner that test specimens are not subjected to any
significant cold straining or heating.
2.1.2 If samples are cut from material by flame cutting or shearing, a reasonable margin is required to
enable sufficient material to be removed from the cut edges during final machining.
Guidance note:
A margin of 10 mm may normally be considered sufficient. Smaller margins may be considered for acceptance subject to approval
based on qualification by adequate testing. Qualification testing should at least comprise metallographic test, hardness test profile
and comparative mechanical tests.
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2.1.3 Where possible, test specimens from rolled materials shall retain their rolled surface on both sides.
The surface quality of the specimens shall be as prescribed in the appropriate standards, i.e. notches,
grooves and burrs which occur during the preparation of test specimens and which may affect the test results
shall be removed.
The dimensional and geometrical tolerances of the specimens shall be as prescribed in the appropriate rules
and standards.
2.1.4 If possible, the test specimens shall be taken in such a way that straightening is unnecessary. If test
sections have to be straightened, e.g. in the case of transverse specimens from pipes, the straightening
operation shall be performed in the cold state and shall not significantly affect the mechanical properties of
the material. Tensile specimens taken from the pipe wall in the longitudinal direction shall not be pressed flat
between the gauge marks.
2.1.5 Tolerances on tensile specimen dimensions shall be in accordance with ISO 6892 or another agreed
recognised standard.
3 Test methods
3.1 Tensile testing at ambient temperature
3.1.1 Yield and proof stress
Upper yield strength (ReH) is the highest value of stress measured at the commencement of plastic
deformation at yield. This value is often represented by a pronounced peak stress.
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When no well-defined yield phenomena exist, the yield strength at 0.2% non-proportional elongation (Rp0.2)
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
shall be determined unless otherwise stated in the applicable specification. If required by the relevant rules,
the yield strength at 1% total elongation (Rp1.0) shall be determined for austenitic and duplex (ferritic/
austenitic) stainless steels according to the applicable specification.
3.1.2 Tensile strength
Tensile strength (Rm) is the highest value of stress measured before fracture.
3.1.3 Stress and strain rates for tensile tests
For materials with a modulus of elasticity ≥ 150 GPa (typically steels including stainless steels) the test shall
be carried out with an elastic stress rate between 6 and 60 MPa per second.
For materials with a modulus of elasticity < 150 GPa (typically copper, aluminium, titanium, and their
relevant alloys) the test shall be carried out with an elastic stress rate between 2 and 20 MPa per second.
After reaching the yield strength (Re, Rp, Rt), the machine speed (vc) for determination of the tensile strength
-1
(Rm), shall not exceed that corresponding to a strain rate (e') of 0.008s , where:
-1
e' = (vc / Lc) ≤ 0.008 s
This corresponds to a crosshead separation rate of vc (mm/s):
vc ≤ (Lc × 0.008)
For cast iron the elastic stress rate shall not exceed 10 MPa per second.
3.1.4 Accuracy for yield and tensile strength
2
The test results shall be stated to an accuracy of 1 MPa (N/mm ).
3.1.5 Elongation
If not otherwise stated, the elongation means elongation determined on a proportional gauge length 5.65√S0
or 5 d and has the designation A5 (%).
The elongation may alternatively, after agreement with the Society, be determined on a non-proportional
gauge length Lo (i.e. a gauge length having a different ratio to the cross-section). In that case the required
minimum elongation A is calculated from the formula given below. However, where stated otherwise in Ch.2,
the requirement of Ch.2 applies.
(1)
2
This conversion formula shall only be used for ferritic steels with tensile strength of ≤ 700 N/mm which have
not been cold formed, see also ISO 2566.
When proportional specimens other than L0 = 5.65 √S0, or 5 d, or non-proportional test specimens are
used, the applied gauge length shall be stated in the certificate, e. g. A200 mm = elongation for initial gauge
length L0 = 200 mm.
The test results shall be reported to an accuracy of a whole number, e.g. 20.51% is reported as 21%.
Requirements for position of fracture:
A. Fracture within a specified range:
The elongation value is valid if the fracture occurs at least the following distance from the end marks of the
gauge length (see Figure 1):
— round test specimen: 1.25 d
— flat test specimen: b + a
B. Fracture outside above specified range:
— if the specified minimum elongation requirement is met, the test may be considered to be valid
— if the specified minimum elongation required is not met, the test is considered invalid and a new test shall
be carried out.
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3.1.6 Reduction of area
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
The reduction of area at fracture Z (%) shall be determined by the following formula where this is called for
in Ch.2.
(2)
where Su is the minimum cross section area after fracture. The test results shall be stated to an accuracy of
1%.
3.1.7 Tensile test specimen types and dimensions
For the purpose of determining the different designations related to tensile testing, two different types of test
specimens are defined; round and flat, see Figure 1.
Figure 1 Tensile test specimens
Table 2 Dimensions of tensile test specimens
Dimension (mm)
Alternative
1)
a b d L 0 LC R
A: Proportional flat test
t 25 - 25
specimen, Figure 1
B: Non-proportional flat test
t 25 - 200 ≈ 225 25
specimen, Figure 1
C: Proportional round test 2)
- - 14 (or 10-20) 5 × d ≥ L0 + d/2 10
specimen, Figure 1
D: Test specimen for sheet and
strips with thickness less than 3 t 12.5 50 ≈ 75 25
mm, Figure 1
E: Full cross-section test
3)
specimen with plugged ends, - - - L0 + D -
Figure 3
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Dimension (mm)
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
Alternative
1)
a b d L 0 LC R
4) Tube wall
F: Strip specimen , Figure 3 12 - L0 + 2 b -
thickness
1) the applied gauge length (Lo) may be rounded off to the nearest 5 mm, provided that the difference between the
applied gauge length and the calculated gauge length (from [3.1.2]) is less than 10% of calculated gauge length
2) for nodular cast iron and materials with specified elongation less than 10%: R ≥ 1.5 d
3) Lc is the distance between the grips or the plugs, whichever is the smallest
4) the parallel test length is not to be flattened, but the enlarged ends may be flattened for gripping in the testing
machine.
3.1.8 Plates, wide flats and sections
For plates, wide flats and sections with thickness 3 mm or more, flat test specimens of full product thickness
according to alternatives A and B shall generally be used, see Table 2. When the capacity of the available
testing machine is insufficient to allow the use of test specimens of full thickness, the test specimen may
be reduced in thickness by machining one of the rolled surfaces. Alternatively, for materials over 40 mm
thickness, proportional round test specimen according to alternative C may be used. When round test
specimen is used, and unless otherwise specified, it shall be positioned with its axis at one-quarter of the
thickness from a rolled surface (and for extra high strength steels, additionally at t/2 for thicknesses above
100 mm) or as near as possible to these positions.
3.1.9 Wrought aluminium alloys
Flat tensile test specimens shall be used for specified thicknesses up to and including 12.5 mm (alternative
D, see Table 2), and may be used for thickness exceeding 12.5 mm. The test specimens shall be prepared
so that both rolled/pressed/extruded surfaces are preserved. Round specimens may alternatively be used
for product thicknesses exceeding 12.5 mm (alternative C, see Table 2). For product thicknesses up to and
including 40 mm, the longitudinal axis of the round specimens shall be located at mid-thickness. For product
thickness exceeding 40 mm, the longitudinal axis of round specimens shall be located at ¼ of the product
thickness measured from one face.
3.1.10 Forgings, bars and castings (excluding grey cast iron)
Proportional round test specimen according to alternative C in Table 2 shall be used.
3.1.11 Grey cast iron
The specimen shall have dimensions as stipulated in Figure 2, or according to a recognized standard, e.g.
ISO 185, ASTM A48 or EN 1561.
Figure 2 Grey cast iron test specimen
3.1.12 Pipes and tubes
Test specimen according to alternative E or F shall be used, see Table 2 and Figure 3. Alternatively, provided
sufficient wall thickness, round specimens according to alternative C as prescribed in Table 2 may also be
used. Round specimens shall then be taken from the sample in such a way that their axis is located at the
mid-point of the wall thickness.
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Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
Figure 3 Alternatives E and F
3.1.13 Wires
Wire ropes tensile specimens for single wires and strands shall be performed in accordance with the
requirements of DNVGL-RU-HSLC Pt.3 Ch.5 Sec.3 [7]. Specimens containing the entire section and the
following dimensions shall be tested:
L0 = 200 mm
LC = L0 + 50 mm
3.1.14 Weldments
Deposited weld metal tensile test:
Round specimen with the following dimensions shall be used, see Figure 1:
D = 10 mm
L0 = 50 mm
LC > 60 mm
R ≥ 10 mm
The tensile test specimens shall be taken so that the longitudinal axis coincides with the intersection between
the mid-plane of the weld, and the mid-plane of the plates.
For specially small or large dimensions other specimens may be used after agreement with the Society,
provided they conform to the geometrical relationship given in Table 2.
Butt weld tensile test, flat specimen:
The weld shall be machined (or ground) flush with the surface of the plate, and the specimen prepared with
the following dimensions, see Figure 1:
a = t
b = 12 mm for t ≤ 2 mm
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b = 25 mm for t > 2 mm
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
L0 = LC = width of weld + 60 mm
R ≥ 25 mm.
As an alternative, test specimens in accordance with ISO 4136 would be accepted.
3.2 Tensile testing at elevated temperature
Testing shall be carried out according to a national or international standard for tensile test at elevated
temperature, e.g. ISO 6892-2.
Round test specimens are permissible for tensile tests at elevated temperature for all thicknesses. Regarding
the position in the product, the same requirements as specified in [3.1] are applicable.
3.3 Impact testing
3.3.1 Impact testing shall be carried out as Charpy V-notch test according to the specification in
question. The average value of three test specimens shall be determined and meet the specified minimum
requirement. One individual value may be below the specified value, provided that it is not less than 70% of
the specified minimum.
3.3.2 The Charpy V-notch impact toughness is the absorbed energy, expressed in joule (J), the symbol being
KV. The test results shall be measured to an accuracy of 1 Joule.
3.3.3 The Charpy impact test machine shall be of a type acceptable to the Society having a gap of 40 mm,
a striking velocity between 4.5 and 7 m/s (see Table 3). and an impact energy of not less than 150 J. The
angle between the striking edges of the pendulum shall be 30° with the edge rounded to a radius 2 to 2.5
mm. (Pendulum according to ASTM E 23 will also be accepted).
The point of impact of the hammer shall be in the centre line of the notch. The test arrangement is shown in
Figure 4, with the tolerances given in Table 3.
Figure 4 Charpy V-notch impact test setup
Table 3 Characteristic quantities of the testing machine
Dimension Requirement
Clear spacing between supports
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Dimension Requirement
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
Radius of curvature of supports
Undercut of supports 11° ± 1°
Angle of peen wedge 30° ± 1°
Radius of curvature of peen cutter
Maximum thickness of pendulum face 18 mm
1)
Striking velocity of pendulum 5 to 5.5 m/s
Angle between supports and bearing 90° ± 0.1°
Distance between centre of peen and centre of gap between
± 0.5 mm
supports
1) for pendulum impact test machines built before 1983 a value of 4.5 to 7 m/s may be agreed
3.3.4 Samples may be flame-cut but the notch shall not to be closer to a flame-cut edge than 25 mm. The
notch shall be made in a single cut by a special milling cutter. The cutter shall be kept sharp so that the
shape of the notch is correct safeguarding that cold working at the base is avoided as far as possible. The
cutter shall be systematically checked at intervals not exceeding 100 test specimens.
The notch shall be cut in a face of the impact test specimens which was originally perpendicular to a rolled
or forged surface, unless otherwise stated. For placing the notch in the appropriate microstructure, e.g. for
qualification of welding procedures, the fusion boundary shall be identified by etching the specimens with a
suitable reagent.
3.3.5 Dimensions and tolerances for standard Charpy V-notch test specimens shall be as given in Table 4.
Table 4 Charpy V-notch test specimens
Angle between plane of symmetry of notch and longitudinal axis of test
90° ± 2°
specimen
3.3.6 Standard Charpy V-notch test specimens with a width of 10 mm shall be used, except when the
thickness of the material does not permit this size. In such cases the largest obtainable of the sub-size test
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specimens with width 7.5 mm or 5 mm shall be used. The required energy values are then reduced to 5/6
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
and 2/3 of tabulated values, respectively. Except as specified for materials for low temperature service in
Pt.5 Ch.7, impact tests are not required when the material thickness is less than 6 mm. For materials for low
temperature service (see Pt.5 Ch.7), the testing and requirements for specimens smaller than 5 mm in size
shall be in accordance with recognized standards, e.g. ASTM E23.
3.3.7 The temperature shall be controlled sufficiently to ensure uniformity throughout the cross-section of
the test specimen at breaking. Unless otherwise agreed, conditioning and specimen transfer shall comply
with ISO 148-1 or an equivalent standard.
Test temperature shall be stated in the certificate.
Figure 5 Charpy V-notch test specimen
3.3.8 When required, the crystalline proportion of the fracture surface and the lateral expansion at the point
of fracture shall be determined. The crystalline proportion of the fracture surface shall then be estimated and
expressed as a percentage of the total area of the fracture. The lateral expansion shall be measured to an
accuracy of 0.01 mm on the side opposite the notch, see also ISO 148-1 and ASTM A370.
3.4 Bend testing
3.4.1 Flat bend test specimen as given in Figure 6 shall be used. Edges on tension side to be rounded to a
radius of 1 to 2 mm. In addition to the method indicated in Figure 6, the wrap around method is accepted for
materials of low strength, e.g. aluminium alloys.
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Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
Figure 6 Bend test specimen
3.4.2 For plates, structural sections and sheets, test specimen with the following dimensions shall be used:
a = as rolled thickness of material
b = 30 mm or product width, whichever is smaller.
If the as rolled thickness is greater than 25 mm, it may be reduced to 25 mm by machining on the
compression side of the bend test specimen.
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3.4.3 For pipes the width, b, of the test specimen shall be at least:
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
— For pipe diameter ≤ 50 mm:
(minimum diameter 8 mm).
— For pipe diameter > 50 mm:
(minimum diameter 8 mm, but should not exceed 40 mm).
— For an outside diameter, D, >25 x the wall thickness of the pipe, the specimen may be taken as required
for plates.
3.4.4 For forgings, castings and semi-finished products the specimen thickness shall be a = 20 mm and the
specimen width b = 25 mm.
3.4.5 Face and root bend of butt welded joints. The test specimens shall be prepared perpendicular to the
weld, with dimensions as follows:
a = as rolled thickness of the material
b = 30 mm.
The weld shall be machined flush with the surface of the plate.
If the as rolled thickness is greater than 25 mm, it may be reduced to 25 mm by machining on the
compression side of the bend test specimen.
When a longitudinal face-bend or root-bend weld test is required, a test specimen according to an
appropriate standard will be accepted.
3.4.6 Side bend of butt welded joints. The test specimens shall be prepared perpendicular to the weld, with
dimensions as follows:
a = 10 mm
b = as-rolled thickness of the material.
If the as rolled thickness is greater than 40 mm, the side bend test specimen may be subdivided, each part
being at least 20 mm wide.
3.4.7 Unless otherwise detailed in the respective rules or standard, the mandrel diameter shall be 4 × a
(four times specimen thickness) for materials with SMYS < 550 MPa, and 5 × a for materials with SMYS ≥
550 MPa.
For materials with specified elongation < 20% the mandrel diameter calculated in accordance with ISO
15614-1 is accepted as an alternative.
The bending angle shall be 180°.
3.5 Drop-weight testing
3.5.1 For material with thickness t ≥ 16 mm, drop-weight test specimens for the determination of
nil ductility transition temperature shall comply with specifications given in ASTM E208 or equivalent
international or national standard, and have one of the following sizes:
— No. 1: 25 by 90 by 360 mm
— No. 2: 19 by 50 by 130 mm
— No. 3: 16 by 50 by 130 mm.
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The test specimen dimensions shall be based on the largest obtainable thickness. Where a test unit includes
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
more than one thickness, specimens shall be taken from the thickest product.
The correct specimen thickness shall be achieved by machining the compression side.
The long sides of the test specimens shall be made with a saw cut or, in the case of specimens obtained by
thermal cutting, shall be machined with a machining allowance of at least 25 mm.
When drop weight test is required for material thicknesses below 16 mm down to and including 12 mm,
a test specimen machined down to 12 mm thickness shall be used. For material thicknesses below 12
mm down to and including 10 mm, the thickness of the test specimen shall be that of the material. Other
dimensions and requirements for test specimen with thickness below 16 mm shall be as for test specimen no.
3 above, except that a stop distance of 2.3 mm shall be used.
3.5.2 The test specimens may be cut with their axes either transverse or longitudinal to the final rolling
direction of the material, but the orientation shall be the same for all test specimens.
3.5.3 Two test specimens shall be tested at the prescribed test temperature. Both test specimens shall
exhibit a non-break performance, i.e. the nil ductility transition temperature shall be below the test
temperature.
3.5.4 The drop-weight test shall be carried out and evaluated in accordance with ASTM E208.
Guidance note:
Note that one of the criteria for the test to be considered valid is that the striking tip of the weight shall strike within 2.5 mm of a
line on the compression side of the specimen, normal to a long edge and directly opposite the notch in the crack-starter weld, see
ASTM E208.
---e-n-d---o-f---g-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
3.6 Ductility test for pipes and tubes
3.6.1 Unless otherwise specified in an applicable standard referred in Ch.2 to Ch.4, the following apply.
3.6.2 Pipe flattening test
A pipe section with length 1.5 times the pipe diameter, but not less than 10 mm and not more than 100 mm,
shall be flattened between two plates to the prescribed distance or until fracture occurs, see Figure 7. In the
case of welded pipes, the weld shall be located in the 3 or 9 o'clock position relative to the setup given in
Figure 7.
After the test, the specimens shall be thoroughly examined for defects with normal visual acuity. The test
shall be satisfactory if the specimen, having been flattened to the prescribed distance, is free from cracks and
did not fracture.
The dimensions of the pipe section, the distance H between the flattening plates as well as the position of the
welding joint shall be reported. Example of applicable standard is ISO 8492.
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Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
Figure 7 Pipe flattening test
3.6.3 Drift expanding test
To perform this test, a tapered drift is forced into the specimen until the outside diameter has increased to
the prescribed value C for the product in question, see Figure 8.
The length of the specimen and the taper angle β of the drift shall be as shown in Table 5.
The intrusion rate of the taper shall not exceed 50 mm/s.
After the test, the specimens shall be thoroughly examined for defects with normal visual acuity. Unless
otherwise specified in Ch.2, the test results are satisfactory if the prescribed expansion has been effectuated
without cracks.
C = diameter after the prescribed expansion.
The dimensions of the pipe section, the outer diameter C of the expanded part of the pipe section or the
relative expansion (%), as well as the taper angle shall be reported. Example of standard to be applied, see
ISO 8493.
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Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
Figure 8 Drift expanding test
Table 5 Drift expanding test specimen dimensions
≤ 2 D
30°
Steel ≤ 1.5 D
45°, 60° or 120°
Min. 50 mm
≥ 2 D
Aluminium alloys 60°
Min. 50 mm
3.6.4 Flanging test
To perform this test, a sample of pipe with a length L = 1.5 D shall be worked into a flange in the device
shown in Figure 9 until the outer diameter C of the flange attains the value prescribed for the product. The
radius r shall match that prescribed for the product. The intrusion rate of the tool may not exceed 50 mm/
min.
Acceptance criteria: the test results are satisfactory if the flange has no apparent cracks. Minor defects on
the edges may be disregarded.
The dimensions of the pipe section, the outer diameter C of the expanded part of the pipe section or the
relative expansion (%), as well as the edge radius of the forming tool shall be reported.
Guidance note:
Example of standard to be applied; ISO 8494.
---e-n-d---o-f---g-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
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Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
C = diameter after the prescribed expansion
Figure 9 Flanging test
3.6.5 Ring expanding test
To perform this test, sections of pipe measuring 10 to 16 mm in length L shall expanded to the prescribed
diameter C or until fracture occurs using a drift with a taper of about 1:5. Where necessary, more than one
test shall be performed with drifts of increasing diameter. The superimposition of several specimens of the
same size and steel grade is permitted, see Figure 10.
The intrusion rate of the mandrel shall not exceed 30 mm/s.
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Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
Figure 10 Ring expanding test
The dimensions of the pipe sections, the outer diameter C of the expanded part of the pipe section or the
relative expansion (%), as well as the ratio of the taper (if not 1:5) shall be reported. Example of standard to
be applied is ISO 8495.
After the test, the specimens shall be thoroughly examined for defects with normal visual acuity, and the
ductility of the pipes shall be assessed by reference to the expansion achieved and, where applicable, to the
appearance of cracks or fracture.
Acceptance criteria: the test results are satisfactory if the prescribed expansion has been reached without
fracture, and the specimen reveals no unacceptable defects such as scabs, laps, cracks, grooves or
laminations.
3.6.6 Ring tensile test
The sections of pipe measuring about 15 mm in length shall have plane and smoothed ends and shall be at
right angle to the pipe axis. To perform this test, the pipe sections are stretched in a tensile testing machine
until fracture occur using two pins with a diameter equal to at least three times the wall thickness of the
pipe, see Figure 11. In the case of welded pipes, the specimen shall be placed in the tensile testing device in
such a way that the welded seam lies at 90° to the direction of the tensile load. The rate of the pins may not
exceed 5 mm/s.
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Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
Figure 11 Ring tensile test
After the test, the specimens shall be thoroughly examined for defects with normal visual acuity. Acceptance
criteria: The test is considered satisfactory if visible deformation has occurred at the point of fracture and
if the specimen reveals no unacceptable defects such as scabs, laps, cracks, grooves or laminations. The
dimensions of the pipe sections shall be reported. Example of standard to be applied, see ISO 8496.
3.7 Hardness test
3.7.1 Where hardness test is required, the tests shall be performed in accordance with a recognized
standard, e.g. for Brinell, Vickers or Rockwell hardness:
— ISO 6506 Brinell hardness test
— ISO 6507 Vickers hardness test
— ISO 6508 Rockwell hardness test.
3.7.2 Hardness test is in principle not considered to be a substitute for tensile test.
3.8 Determination of grain size
3.8.1 Where the austenitic grain size is specified, it shall be determined according to methods described in
recognized standards. At least one sample shall be taken from finished material from each ladle. For rolled
products the sample is preferably to be taken from the thickest piece rolled. The grain size numbers refer to
the ASTM scale described in ASTM E112.
3.9 Strain age test
3.9.1 The material shall first be strained using either an oversized tensile test specimen, or by the
straining method applied in production, e.g. cold bending to representative bending angle or cold rolling to
representative extent. Other methods may be accepted case by case.
3.9.2 The straining shall be carried out to a deformation rate corresponding to maximum deformation in
production. Formulas for calculation of deformation are given in Ch.4 Sec.6 [5.2]. Unless otherwise agreed,
the straining direction for simulated cold forming shall be parallel to the main rolling direction, except for
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extra high strength steel where transverse tests are required, and the specimen orientation shall be as
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
specified for the original plate, see Ch.2 Sec.2 [2.8].
3.9.3 The strained material shall then be aged in furnace at a specified temperature for a given time. Unless
otherwise specified or agreed, the ageing shall be carried out at 250°C for one hour.
3.9.4 Unless otherwise agreed, the impact test specimens shall be located as close as possible to the
surface. For bends, the test specimens shall be as close as possible to the outer radius of the bend (the
extrados surface). The notch shall be in the through thickness direction.
3.9.5 The strain-aged material shall be impact tested and satisfy the requirements given for the base
material.
3.9.6 Where specified or agreed, the material shall be tensile tested and the elongation shall satisfy a
requirement which has been agreed with consideration of the relevant construction rules.
3.10 Fracture mechanics testing
3.10.1 When specified, fracture mechanics (FM) testing of materials and weldments shall be performed. The
tests shall be carried out according to ISO 12135 (for base material) and ISO 15653 (for welded joints) using
3-point bend specimens (SENB), or another recognized standard as agreed with the Society. Both B x 2B
and B x B specimens may be used, although B × 2B specimens are recommended. The test is deemed to
be valid provided post-test-data analysis meets all validity criteria of the standard. For further requirements
concerning test equipment, fatigue (pre)cracking, test performance, evaluation and validity reference is made
to ISO 12135.
The specimen width B shall be the full plate thickness unless otherwise approved by the Society or specified
in a referred Society rule or standard, i.e. when machining the specimens the width B shall be at least Bmin =
0.9 t (where t = plate thickness).
The orientation of the specimen shall be perpendicular to the rolling direction, i.e. the notch is oriented
parallel to the rolling direction. The notch shall be machined in through thickness direction of the plate.
If test temperature is not otherwise specified, it shall be -10°C.
3.10.2 The test may be required for the base material or for a welded connection.
For base metal at least three valid CTOD tests shall be obtained. For welded plates for each required crack tip
position at least three valid CTOD tests shall be obtained. The acceptance criteria are given in the relevant
sections of Ch.2 and Ch.4.
The test results report shall contain the information as given in ISO 12135 (paragraph 8 Test report) and
in ISO 15653 (paragraph 13 Test report), the force (F) - notch opening displacement (V) records and
photographs for the fractured surfaces on which the crack lengths are measured.
3.10.3 For welded connections, the test weld shall be made and tested for the actual combination of steel
grade, manufacturer (steelmill), welding process and welding consumable (brand) used.
3.10.4 For welded connections, the FM tests shall be carried out on a full penetration butt-weld with K- or
single V-bevel preparation (single V-bevel with one edge with a given angle to the surface, the other edge
perpendicular to the surface). The notch of the FM test specimen shall be perpendicular to the plate surface.
Tests on either of these weld bevel preparations qualify for all types of bevels.
Depending on the requirements, the crack tip shall be positioned either in the weld metal (weld positional,
WP), or in the specified microstructure (SM). The specified microstructure is the grain coarsened heat
affected zone (GCHAZ) unless otherwise agreed or required. For SM specimens, the crack tip shall be located
at the back of the K or of the perpendicular side of the V. The fusion boundary shall be identified, e.g. by
etching with a suitable reagent.
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3.10.5 Unless otherwise detailed in the respective rules or class programmes, the following apply:
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
— test weld shall be welded with a heat input representing the maximum heat input used in the fabrication
— test on a plate with thickness t qualifies the thickness range 0.5t to 1.1t.
3.10.6 On each test weld at least three FM test specimens shall be tested.
3.10.7 Metallographic sections to be tested according to ISO 15653 shall be prepared from each SM
specimen. The metallographic section shall include weld metal and base metal. If necessary, in order to
determine the exact location of the fatigue pre-crack, sections from both sides of the pre-crack shall be
prepared. The faces of the metallographic sections shall not be taken deeper than the deepest point of the
fatigue pre-crack and not more than 3 mm from the deepest point of the fatigue pre-crack. Figure 12 shows
a cross-section through the weld of an un-fractured specimen.
BM WM BM
λ1 df
t x 0.375
t CL
λ2 t x 0.375
λ3
Fusion line
Figure 12 Cross-section through the weld
BM = base material
WM = weld metal or deposit
df = distance from the plane of the fatigue pre-crack to the fusion line (varies along the fatigue pre-
crack)
λI = length (in mm) of each area with acceptable location of the fatigue pre-crack (given as SM (λ) =
specified microstructure in ISO 15653)
t = plate thickness.
Within the central 75% of the plate thickness the areas where df ≤ 0.5 mm shall be identified (considered
GCHAZ). The length λi of each of these areas shall be determined. The location of the fatigue pre-crack shall
satisfy the following criteria:
= ≥ 3 mm for t ≤ 20 mm
≥ 0.15 t for 20 < t ≤ 80 mm
≥ 12 mm for t > 80 mm
N = number of areas with df ≤ 0.5 mm.
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3.10.8 If the location of the fatigue pre-crack of the GCHAZ does not satisfy the specified requirement, the
Part 2 Chapter 1 Section 3
results from the testing are not valid.
ISO 15653 shall be complied with for both GCHAZ (in addition to above requirements) and weld deposit
specimens.
Unless otherwise specified in the respective rules, three or more valid tests for each of weld deposit and
GCHAZ shall be carried out.
3.11 Crack arrest test
3.11.1 When specified, a crack arrest test shall be performed in order to determine the materials ability
to arrest a running brittle crack. Appropriate tests are the ESSO test determining a brittle crack arrest
toughness value Kca, or the isothermal double tension wide plate test determining the crack arrest
temperature (CAT), or equivalent tests. The use of small scale tests parameters such as the nil ductility test
temperature (NDTT) may be considered provided a sound relationship between the obtained test results, e.g.
NDTT, and a corresponding Kca or CAT is established. For test method requirements, see relevant AoM class
program DNVGL-CP-0348.
3.12 Other testing
3.12.1 Testing not described in this section may be required for certain products. In such cases the testing
standard or procedure shall be accepted by the Society.
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CHANGES – HISTORIC
Part 2 Chapter 1 Changes – historic
July 2019 edition
Changes July 2019, entering into force 1 January 2020
Topic Reference Description
July 2018 edition
Changes July 2018, entering into force 1 January 2019
Topic Reference Description
Wording amended in Sec.3 [3.8.2] such that specimen
orientation in general shall be as specified for the original plate.
Strain age testing Sec.3 [3.8] Wording added in Sec.3 [3.8.6] that requirement for tensile
testing has to be agreed with consideration of the relevant
construction rules.
January 2017 edition
Amendments January 2018
Topic Reference Description
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Topic Reference Description
Part 2 Chapter 1 Changes – historic
Additive manufacturing Sec.2 [2.3.2], Sec.2 New paragraph inserted
[3.1.1]
Amendments July 2017
• Sec.1 General
— Sec.1: Content in Sec.4 (references, abbreviations and symbols) moved to Sec.1. Sec.4 deleted.
• Sec.2 Manufacture, survey and certification
— Sec.2 [2.1.1]: Abbreviation HWA deleted, because approval for heat treatment workshop will be covered
by appropriate approval as AMM.
Main changes January 2017, entering into force 1 July 2017
• Sec.2 Manufacture, survey and certification
— Sec.2 [2.1]: Description of WWA amended. Covering of WWA and HWA by AoM included.
— Sec.2 [3.3.5]: Including of CET formula to be alternatively used for VL460 and higher grades in
compliance with IACS UR W 16
• Sec.3 Testing procedures
— Sec.3 [3.1.8]: Including of information for alternative test specimen for tensile testing of thick plates in
compliance wit IACS UR W 16
— Sec.3 [3.2.5]: Wording amended for dimensions of Charpy V-notch specimens
— Sec.3 [3.3]: Including of dimensions of bend test specimen for cast steel, forgings and semi-finished
products
October 2015 edition
This is a new document.
The rules enter into force 1 January 2016.
Amendments January 2016
• General
— Only editorial corrections have been made.
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About DNV GL
DNV GL is a global quality assurance and risk management company. Driven by our purpose of
safeguarding life, property and the environment, we enable our customers to advance the safety
and sustainability of their business. We provide classification, technical assurance, software and
independent expert advisory services to the maritime, oil & gas, power and renewables industries.
We also provide certification, supply chain and data management services to customers across a
wide range of industries. Operating in more than 100 countries, our experts are dedicated to helping
customers make the world safer, smarter and greener.
SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER