DYNAMICS OF LOCAL AND GLOBAL CULTURE

Culture is made up of all of the ideas, beliefs,

CULTURE behaviors, and products common to, and defining, a
▪ Not just an individual process; but what is group’s way of life. Culture encompasses everything
passed in your family or group. humans create and have as they interact together.
▪ Way of life (Stolley, 2005)
▪ How you interact with people
▪ Something that we grew up doing Culture is a shared pattern of behavior and
▪ It forms our Identity interactions, cognitive construct, as well as
understanding that are learned by socialization.
Example Culture: Ring neck (Myanmar) • It can also develop or lead to group identity.
o You cannot form a culture alone/on
▪ Body modifications – certain people wanted to your own
elongate their necks
• Shared pattern of behavior – how we sit up,
o The longer, the prettier.
behave, interact
IDENTITY – what makes us different /unique • Cognitive construct – belief system; what’s
right and wrong
▪ Things, way of thinking, traditions, beliefs • Understanding – other patterns that we
▪ Gives us the sense of ourselves learned
▪ It is important to form our identity so that when
we joined a global community, we will not lose CULTURAL ICEBERG
ourselves.
Developed Edward T. Hall on 1976
WHY DO WE NEED TO STUDY CULTURE? Iceberg Analogy of Culture
o There are some aspects visible, above
- To understand the things that are deeply the water, but there is a larger portion
engraved in us. hidden beneath the surface.
There are 3 levels or phases
THE STUDY OF CULTURE o Visible
The characteristics and knowledge of a particular o Less Visible
group of people, encompassing language, religion, o Not visible
cuisine, social habits, music and arts. (Zimmerman,
VISIBLE CULTURE (topmost)
2017)
Culture encompasses religion, food, what we wear, ▪ Easy to see; shallow; observable
how we wear it, our language, marriage, music, what ▪ Includes mostly MATERIAL CULTURE
we believe is right or wrong, how we sit at the table, o External manifestation of ideas and
how we greet visitors, how we behave with loved beliefs
ones, and a million other things (De Rossi, n.d.) ▪ Example:
• Language – important in both local and o Matryoska – Russia
global culture o Banig – Philippines
o Ex. Many wants to learn English o Cherry Blossoms – Japan
o Ability of the Filipino to speak ▪ Additional:
English (naturally) o Language
• Competencies – are skills o Folklore
o Skills are important in industries o Dress
▪ TESDA – trains Filipino to have o Fine arts
a National Certificate or o Literature
Certificate of competencies o Holidays and festivals
▪ People with skills are ALWAYS o Food.
IN DEMAND
▪ Low cost LESS VISIBLE CULTURE (Middle)
• Religion – different in particular places, ▪ Difficult to see
variation ▪ These are the person’s
• Cuisine – a person has a particular taste in o Core values
food. o Routines
o Expressions
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 o Behaviors
ASPECTS OF CULTURE
▪ Spending a little time with people and observe,
you will see these things. ▪ A long line of culture that is passed down to
▪ Located near the surface continued generation
▪ Example: CORE VALUES 1. Values – What is important
o Attending the church regularly a. Passed from 1 generation to another
(devotees) b. Formation of our self.
o Family values: Po, Opo, Pagmamano – c. Things that make us good, function in
blessing the society.
o Gender roles (expressing man’s emotion d. Teaches us responsibility and
less) accountability
▪ Additional: e. Examples: Close family ties, success,
o Religious Affiliations democracy
o Likes or Dislikes 2. Norms – what is right and wrong; what’s normal
o Manners for a person
o Biases a. Things important for Social order and
o Body language Justice
o Beauty ideals b. 10 commandments (when one sin,
o Interpretations there’s a punishment)
o Sexual Orientation; c. Norms are not sable because of the
changing environment or progress
NOT VISIBLE CULTURE 2.2 Mores – deeply held standards of what
is right and wrong (Ex. 10
▪ There is a need to build an intimate relationship commandments)
with people to see this. 2.3 Folkways – behaviors and manners
▪ Hard to express because of different judgements passed down by ancestors (Paniniwala,
▪ These are our MENTAL MODELS kasabihan)
o Mental models – what shapes our 2.4 Taboo – prohibited or forbidden; very
personality (Ex. Secrets) objectionable (Ex. Incest, cannibalism)
▪ Examples: 3. Symbols – what stands for or represents
o Discriminatory culture – only you can tell something.
your own discriminatory culture a. Ex. Bible, Baybayin, Tattoos
o Notion of Modesty – how people behave 4. Language – what we use to communicate
based on how the society pleases the
person
CULTURAL ISSUES
o Political and Mental leanings
Ethnocentrism – cultural bias; when a certain
culture sees their own as superior
FORMS OF CULTURE
o Because of this, we have problem like
Prejudice
1. SUBCULTURE – smaller culture within a Culture shock – Cultural adjustment
dominant culture that has a way of life o when a person feels disoriented and lost
distinguished in some important way from that when introduced in a NEW culture
dominant culture. o Ex. Homesickness, Language barrier,
1.1 there are shared likings (music, arts, food, people
cosplayers, goth) Cultural Appropriation and Appreciation
2. COUNTERCULTURE – A culture that opposes o Appropriation – when you use a certain
patterns of the dominant culture culture without giving credits or without
2.1 Atheists, Anarchists, Hippies using it in THE PROPER way.
HOW DO WE FORM MENTAL MODELS AND CORE ▪ Example: Native American
VALUES? clothing, and box braid of
African used as costumes
▪ By aspects of culture

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 ➔ Globalization is an inevitable force. ➔ Globalization in general is a way to improve
➔ WB, IMF and WTO intensified the global-local economic, social and cultural aspects of a
dynamics. country or poor that causes human interaction.
➔ Many are rejecting the push towards ➔ Government with global companies and
Globalization international organization strengthen the
➔ Local and Global Culture has always been business and trade relationships. Where it keeps
depicted as opposing and in conflict with each
our economy thriving and financial status
other.
healthy.
Things we have to follow when we want to be included:
Standardization of behavior and material things, ideas, CONS OF GLOBALIZATION
lifestyle 1. In conflict with local culture.
DYNAMICS 2. Imperialistic (because it standardizes everything)
3. “GLB forces uniformity of culture and
1. Mechanics – flow or movement due to an action experience”
of force 4. “Rich becomes richer, and poor becomes
a. Due to our needs, there must be poorer”.
changes. • Ex. Africa- there is disparity between
2. Growth – development or change in the systems two powerful country.
or processes
a. We develop because we see different DYNAMICS OF LOCAL AND GLOBAL
changes • DAVOS- named CULTURE
after SWISS town that began
b. Because of change, it is impossible not the annual meeting of the WORLD ECONOMIC
to develop FORUM.
o International finance, media, and
• LOCAL CULTURE- The experience of everyday diplomacy (Britannica).
life in specific, identifiable localities
o Once a luxury skiing resort that become
o Condition: personal experience,
the location of World Economic Forum
feelings, preferences, taste, comfort,
where it is an annual meeting and only
correctness, and identifiable localities
(every group made by humans like by invitation and if not, you have to pay
family, friends, workmates) of etc. high invitation cost to attend.
o Forum for elitist like Donald Trump and
• GLOBAL CULTURE- The experience of attended also by Greta Thunberg.
everyday life as influenced by the diffusion of
commodities and ideas. • INTERNATIONAL FACULTY CLUB- An
o Standardization of expressions (there is international network of people who share
a need to use a common activity in a similar values, attitude and research goals
particular country example by speaking (Berger, n.d).
English (nonmaterial culture), Filipino, o Has tremendous influence because of
etc.), technology their association with educational
o More complicated institutions.
o A result of globalization o These are researchers, educators,
professors, head of prestigious
➔ There is also change in the sovereignty in our universities. but less prominent or elitist
country like being colonize by Spaniards then than DAVOS.
change into American colonization. o There are social issues like feminism
➔ Globalization that led to global culture o Ex. In PH the IFC counterpart is “Asian
➔ Ex. Pop culture it is the genre of art in general Center”
that shape or change a specific era, considered
as general influence), Italians, Chinese, • NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS –
local subgroups that comprises cosmopolitan.
Japanese culture depicted in pop culture.
o Preserves cultural traditions in
➔ Technological advancement changes culture
developing world.
and brings people together like regional culture
(block to block) that has global representation.

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 o Cosmopolitans are people from different
part of the world that has international THE NATURE OF CONTEMPORARY
influence. GLOBALIZATIONS
o Dedicated to specific activities like
humanitarian activities. • Global media and CULTURE
Global Communication
o They are important in preserving the systems have enabled and made desirable
culture of a country access to a multiplicity of cultures from many
o Ex. Women’s Group in PH, UNICEF, locals.
Habitat for Humanity, etc. • The global world emerges as a mosaic of
multiple locals in many localities.
• TRANSNATIONAL WORKERS- Composed of • Everybody has access to different cultures all
migrant professionals. around the world.
o This group has an access to unique • Local identities are defined by commercially
networks of individuals and viable elements or artifacts of cultures.
opportunities.
o People that have skillset that are able to
migrate in other countries as ➔ Technology innovation (gadgets, application)
professionals. ➔ Transnational spaces where people interact,
o Comprises of many races. representation of different culture.
o Transnational workers- usually live-in ➔ Through TV, YT, Internet, Chinatowns, Foods,
transnational spaces (professionals or etc. you can see culture and allows as to access
workers living with other transnational anything and everything around the world.
workers) ➔ Anything that is about the culture that is sold
o We see them globally diminishes its meaning. And where it is
o They are divided in two (2) homes which capitalized on culture
is origin and migrate
o Ex. OFW’s
THE GODFATHER
➔ Without the presence of local culture, there will
be no global culture and vice versa. • The film changed Hollywood because it finally
➔ There are challenges between globaland local changed the way Italians were depicted on film.
culture. • It made Italians seem like more fully realized
people and not stereotypes.
FORMATION OF IDENTITIES
• It was a film in Hollywood made by Italians about
• Culture, place and identities are closely bound. Italians.
• Previously, it had not been Italians making the
IDENTITIES: Characteristics determining who or what a mobster films featuring Italian gangsters.
person or things is. • I feel it helped Italianize American culture. All of
a sudden, everyone was talking about Don
• Our identities are complex and forever changing.
Corleone and making jokes about, “I am going to
• Globalization lets us enjoy a wider range of
make you an offer you can’t refuse.”
material cultures.
• I think it helped people see that in this depiction
• In many parts of the world, people inhibit
of Italian-Americans was a reflection of their own
Transnational Spaces: The space where
immigrant experience, whether they were Irish or
cultures interact and where socio-cultural
Jews from Eastern Europe. They found that
production transcends national borders.
common ground.
➔ Anything that is in the cultural iceberg can be our
identities.
➔ Culture is not only to be consume by others, and
not only to promote our culture to other countries
but also to consume by us.

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