TOPIC 3

PLUMBING FIXTURES
Module 19 – SOIL FIXTURES
Plumbing Fixtures – receptacles which are used to provide, receive and discharge water, liquid and water-
carried wastes into a drainage system with which they are connected to.
Classifications:
Soil

• Water Closets
• Urinals
• Slop Sinks
Scullery

• Kitchen Sinks
• Laundry Tubs
• Bar Sinks
Bathing

• Lavatories
• Bathtubs
• Shower Baths
• Bidets
• Foot/Sitz Tub
• Shower Receptors
• Shower Compartments
Quality of Fixtures

• Dense
• Durable
• Non-absorbent
• Smooth, Impervious Surface
• Free from unnecessary concealed fouling surfaces
All fixtures shall conform in quality and design to nationally recognized applicable standards or to other
approved standards acceptable to the Administrative Authority
Water Closets
Classified according to:
- Types of flushing
- Make
- Mounting
- Flushing Action
- Shape
According to Type of Flushing
1. Flush Tank Water Closets
- Usually holds several liters on its tank (capacity of 5 to 6 gallons)
- the lever/push-button connected to a blockade that prevents the
water from getting in to the bowl directly, when it is activated, this
blockade is lifted, and thus the water can flow down into the bowl
▪ dual flush
 ▪ gravity-fed
▪ flapper or canister systems
Advantages:
o Requires little pressure
o Highly efficient
o Straightforward Installation
Disadvantages:
o Resets slowly
o Requires lots of maintenance
2. Direct Flush Valve (DFV Water Closets)
- Flushing action can be obtained directly from a flush valve
connected into the bowl
- Also known as Flushometer of Flushometer drive
- Requires 10 to 20 psi flow pressure
Advantages:
o Works fast & conveniently
o Produces less noise
o Easy maintenance
Disadvantages:
o Requires high water pressure
o Tricky repairs and installation
According to Make:
1. One-Piece Water Closet
- The water closet fixture is manufactures with the bowl and the flush tank
molded into a single unit
2. Closed Coupled Water Closet
- A water closet where in the flush tank is separate but is attached to the
toilet bowl. It is a two-piece model
3. Pail Flush Water Closet
- A water closet comprising only of a bowl without a flush tank. Flushing
action is obtained only through water poured from a pail or bucket. This is
used in areas where running water systems are not available
4. Squat Bowl Water
- A water closet that is otherwise known as “eastern type” since the user
assumes a squatting position rather than a sitting position
According to Mounting
1. Floor Mounted
- A floor-mounted or standard toilet, the classic bowl-and-tank design with
the tank clearly visible and the bowl connecting down to the floor
2. Wall Hung
- A water closet installed in such a way that no part of the
water closet touches the floor
According to Flushing Action
1. Wash Down
- Flushes through a simple wash down action
- Discharges waste into a trapway located at the front of the bowl
- Has a bulge on the front
- Has a small amount of standing water
- Cost less but is least efficient and noisiest
2. Reverse Trap
- Flushes through a siphon action created in the trapway
 3. Siphon Jet
- Has a large trapway making it less likely to clog
- Quieter flushing action
- Retains a large amount of standing water
4. Siphon Vortex
- Less noisy and very efficient
- Flushing action is started by a whirlpool motion followed by a complete flush down
- Retains a large amount of standing water
According to Shape
1. Round Front
- intended for installation on a limited space
2. Elongated Front
- is more comfortable but occupies a larger space
Minimum water closet clearances
Setting:
- water closet center to side wall: minimum of 0.375 m
- water closet center to WC center: minimum of 0.75 m
Soil Fixtures
1. Trip Lever – metal bar connected to the toilet handle
2. Tank Cover – lid of the toilet tank
3. Chain – connects the trip level to the flapper valve
4. Float Ball – moves up and down along the toilet fill valve
5. Bowl – the open vessel under the toilet seat that can be flushed with water
6. Overflow pipe – safety feature used to prevent water from exiting the toilet tank
7. Rim Holes – the holes under the lip of the toilet seat
8. Wax Ring – ring of wax found between the flange and bottom of the toilet
9. P-Trap Pipe – the U-shaped part of the pipe that holds water and prevents smelly gas from rising to the
toilet
10. Drain Pipe – moves sewage and greywater to aid air flow and prevent clogging
11. Flexible Hose – pipe used to transport water
12. Shut-Off Valve – also called as stop valve, it is used to shut off the water during emergency or repair
13. Flush Valve Gasket – allows water to flow into the bowl when flushed
14. Flapper Valve – this goes up when the toilet handle is pushed down and stops water from constantly
flowing into the toilet bowl
15. Fill Valve – where the water flows from the supply line and refill the tank after flushing
16. Ball Cock – also called balltap or float valve, it is used to fill water tanks and avoid overflow
Toilet
1. Trip Lever – metal bar connected to the toilet handle
2. Tank Cover – lid of the toilet tank
3. Chain – connects the trip level to the flapper valve
4. Float Ball – moves up and down along the toilet fill valve
5. Refill Tube – squirts water into the bowl after the flush Flush Valve Gasket – allows water to flow into
the bowl when flushed
6. Flapper Valve – this goes up when the toilet handle is pushed down and stops water from constantly
flowing into the toilet bowl
7. Seat Cover – placed on the seat as a protective barrier from possible germs resting on the seat
8. Seat – the hinged unit attached to the bowl where user can sit
9. Base – bottom of the toilet
10. Closet Bolt – long screws that connect the flange to the toilet
 11. Closet Flange - also known as toilet flange, a type of flange used to mount the toilet to the floor and
connect the toilet drain to the drain pipe
12. Flexible Hose – pipe used to transport water
13. Shut-Off Valve – also called as stop valve, it is used to shut off the water during emergency or repair
14. Fill Valve – where the water flows from the supply line and refill the tank after flushing
15. Ball Cock – also called balltap or float valve, it is used to fill water tanks and avoid overflow
16. Toilet handle – tool used for flushing
Toilet Tank
1. Trip Lever – metal bar connected to the toilet handle
2. Toilet handle – tool used for flushing
3. Float Rod – horizontal rod connected to the float ball and fill valve
4. Refill Tube – squirts water into the bowl after the
5. Overflow Tube – empties the water directly into the toilet bowl
6. Float ball – moves up and down along the toilet fill valve
7. Chain – connects the trip level to the flapper valve
8. Flapper Valve – this goes up when the toilet handle is pushed down and stops water from constantly
flowing into the toilet bowl
9. Flush Valve Gasket – allows water to flow into the bowl when flushed
10. Flexible Hose – pipe used to transport water
11. Shut-Off Valve – also called as stop valve, it is used to shut off the water during emergency or repair
12. Fill Valve – where the water flows from the supply line and refill the tank after flushing
Minimum Requirements for Water Closets

Urinals
Types:
1. Wall Hung
- a wall urinal has its plumbing hidden behind the wall
2. Pedestal – urinal mounted on a single pedestal
 3. Through
- an economical option in that one unit provides enough space to a
maximum of eight men, and it only requires one plumbing
connection
4. Stall
- a kind of urinal that either the floor or flange supports

Minimum Clearance for Urinals

Setting:
- urinal center to side wall: minimum of 0.30 m
- Urinal center to urinal center: minimum of 0.60 m
Flushing of Urinals:
- every water supply to a urinal shall be protected by an approved type vacuum breaker or other
approved backflow prevention device
- urinals shall have an average water consumption of not more than 1.0 gallon (3.8) liters of
water per flush
- flushing urinals shall be done through automatic flushing tanks. (NPC 408.1)
- flushometer valves shall be self-closing type discharging a predetermined quantity of water. No
manually controlled flushometer valve shall be used to flush group urinals (NPC 408.2)
Minimum Requirements for Urinals

Module 20 – SCULLERY FIXTURES

Kitchen Sinks – is a plumbing fixture usually consisting of a basin with a water supply connected with a drain.
Classified according to Materials:
1. Stainless steel
2. Porcelain or Enamel over Cast Iron
3. Integrated Solid Surface
4. Composite
a. granite composite
b. quartz composite
c. soapstone
 5. Copper
6. Glass
Classified according to Bowl
1. Single-bowl Sink
2. Double-bowl sink
3. Tripe-bowl Sink
4. Corner Sink
Bar Sinks – sometimes referred to as Island sinks, prep sink, water bank, bar sink or entertainment sink. They
are usually smaller and shallower
Laundry Tubs – also known as laundry tray
Materials:
- Cement or Cement with tiles porcelain
Slop Sinks – where janitors clean and leave their mops
Module 21 – BATHING FIXTURES
Lavatories – a fixture designed for the washing of hand or face. It is also known as wash basin
Types:
1. Pedestal
- installed in small bathrooms where space does not allow a large sink
vanity cabinet
- fastened to a wall, with a pedestal under the drain to support the sink
and conceal the plumbing
2. Wall Hung

-
lavatory sink that is mounted on the wall
3. Through
- larger, single basin sinks, which accommodate two or more wash stations and thus have two or more

faucets

Classification of Counter Lavatories

1. Built-In or Vanity Design – this style provides more surface area and is more attractive than most other
designs
2. Counter Top Lavatories - also called flat rim are available in various sizes, shapes and colors. Can be
flush, self-rimming or under counter
Bathtubs – a tube for bathing usually fixed plumbing installation designed for one person
Whirlpool Baths – example is jacuzzis
 - provide removable access panel to the pump
- locate the circulation pump above the crown weir of the trap
- the pump and circulation piping shall be self-draining to minimize water retention
- suction fittings on whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with the listed standards
Bidets – used for cleaning private parts
- also known as “Spitz Bath”
- sometimes referred to as female urinals
Setting:
- Bidet center to side wall: minimum of 0.375 m
- Bidet center to bidet center: minimum of 0.75 m
Floor Drains
- with approved-type hinged trainer plate with the sum of the areas of the small holes of the
waterway equal to the cross-sectional area of the tailpiece
- provided with integrally cast water stop outside flange around the body at mid depth and with
an inside caulk outlet to provide a watertight join in the floor
Shower Receptors
- receptor floor shall drain not less than 2% or more than 4% slope
- thresholds shall accommodate a minimum 559 mm wide door
Shower Baths/Compartments
- metal enclosure containing shower head, valves and faucets
- shall have a minimum interior area of 0.6 m2 and shall be capable of encompassing a 762 mm
diameter circle
- this area shall be maintained from a point above the shower drain to a height of 1.78 m with no
protrusions other than the fixture valve, shower head and safety grab rails.