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Anachem Notes

The document provides examples to distinguish between qualitative and quantitative analysis, precision and accuracy, and sampling vs sample preparation. It also distinguishes between various analytical terms like technique vs method vs procedure vs protocol, robustness vs ruggedness, and classifications of analytical methods. Several quantitative chemistry problems are also provided relating to calculations involving molarity, density, volume, mass, temperature, and error.

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Angela
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360 views10 pages

Anachem Notes

The document provides examples to distinguish between qualitative and quantitative analysis, precision and accuracy, and sampling vs sample preparation. It also distinguishes between various analytical terms like technique vs method vs procedure vs protocol, robustness vs ruggedness, and classifications of analytical methods. Several quantitative chemistry problems are also provided relating to calculations involving molarity, density, volume, mass, temperature, and error.

Uploaded by

Angela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Find % recovery of the spiked sample gave a

concentrationof 15.3ug/LSolution:

%recovery=15.3ug/L-10.0ug/L x 100 /5.0ug/L

5.3/5.0=1.06x100=106%=1.06

1. Give any example of simple analysis that will


distinguish qualitative and quantitative analysis in
analytical chemistry.
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS: Observing that a reaction is creating gas that is
bubbling out of solution or observing that a reaction results in a color change. 
QUANTI:  How much product can be made from a known
starting material or how much of a given component is
present in a sample.

2. Distinguish between precision and accuracy.


Precision is measuring the sample in several times and
when the result of each measure is closely to each
other we can say that its precise.
Accuracy is the true value of the sample.

3. What are the two classifications of quantitative


analytical methods? Briefly define the two methods.
The classical technique used to measure the mass,
volume and charges
Instrumental techniques used to measure the using
an instrument
4. Distinguish between sampling and sample
preparation.
Sampling is the process of selecting a sample
for the analysis.
Sample preparation is that the sample will
undergo in different process of like
precipitation and digestion.

5. Distinguish between bulk sample and lab sample.

6. Distinguish between interference and masking.


Interference causes the result to increase and decrease
Masking is the elimination of interference

7. Enumerate the 4 classification of analytical


methods based on the size sample.
meso
Semimicro
Micro
Ultramicro

8. Distinguish raw data and results.


raw data is measured mass and volume
Result is the final result of the data with the
statistical analysis based on the raw data and treated
data
9. Differentiate the four words: technique, method,
procedure and protocol.
Technique a tool used for analyzing the chemical and
physical sample
Method is used to analyze the sample
Procedure is the steps or process used for the analysis
Protocol is a set of rule while analyzing a sample

10. Distinguish robustness and ruggedness.


Robustness is sensitivity with the environmental factor that affect the affect the result and ruggedness
is insensitivity with envi factor that may affect the result
II. Solve the following. Show complete solution and box your final answer.

1. A solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was found by titration to be


0.05138 M at 24OC. What is the molarity when the lab temperature drops to
16OC?
GIVEN: MKMnO4 AT 24C=0.05138
REQ? MKMnO4 AT 16C
SOLN: 0.05138M X 16C (0.9989460)/20C (0.9982071)= 0.05142
2. Pentane (C5H12) is a liquid with a density of 0.626 g/mL near
25OC. Find the true mass of pentane when the mass in air is
14.82 g. Assume air density 0.0012 g/mL and weights density is
8.0g/mL.
GIVEN: dC5H12 AT 260C=0.626 g/mL
mair=14.82g
dair=0.0012 g/mL
md=8.0g/mL.

SOLUTION:
m=mair x 1–dair/md / 1–dair/dsample
m=14.82g x 1-0.0012 g/mL/8.0g/mL / 1 –0.0012 g/mL /0.626 g/mL
m=14.81985 / 0.9981
m=14.85g

3. Potassium hydrogen phthalate is a primary standard used to


measure the concentration of NaOH solutions. Find the true mass
of potassium hydrogen phthalate (density is 1.636 g/mL) if the
mass weighed in air is 4.2366 g. By what percentage is the
relative error in the measurement?
GIVEN: dNaOH=1.636 g/mL
mair=4.2366 g.
dair=0.0012 g/mL
md=8.0g/mL.
REQ: mass?
Percentage Error?
SOLUTION:
m=mair x 1–dair/md / 1 –dair /dsample
m= 4.2366 g. x 1-0.0012 g/mL/8.0g/mL / 1–0.0012 g/mL/1.636 g/mL
m=4.2360 / 0.9992665037
m=4.2391g or (the true mass)
Percentage Error=true mass – measured mass/true mass x 100
4.2391g - 4.2366 / 4.2391g x 100=0.06%

4. An empty 20-mL volumetric flask weighs 20.2634 g. When


the flask is filled to the mark with distilled water
and weighed again in the air at 23 OC, the mass is
20.6144 g. What is the true volume of the flask at
23OC? Calculate the absolute and percent relative
error. Classify the measurement based on the percent
relative error calculated.

GIVEN: mvf= 20.2634 g


Mass of vf with water=20.6144 g
dair=0.0012 g/mL
mass of density=8.0g/mL.
SOLUTION:
mair=20.6144-20.2634 g = 0.351
m= 0.351 x 1-0.0012g/mL/8.0g/mL / 1– 0.0012/0.9975g/mL
m=0.35085/0.9987969925
m=0.3513
v=true mass/23C=0.9975
v=0.3513/0.9975=0.3522mL
P.R=0.3513-0.351 / 0.3513 X 100%
3X10^-4 /0.3513 X 100= 0.09%

5. The true volume of a 25-mL volumetric flask is 25.037 mL at 23OC. What mass
of water measured
(a) in vacuum and
mvacuum= 25.037mL x 0.9975415g/mL=24.975g
(b) in air at 23OC would be contained in the flask?
mair=25.037mL / 1.0035=24.949g
6. In calibrating a 50-mL pipet, a measured volume of
water was transferred to a tared flask and weighed,
yielding a mass of 49.9814 g. (a) Calculate, with and
without correcting for buoyancy, the volume of water
delivered by the pipet. Assume that the density of water
is 0.99707 g/cm3 and that the density of the weights is
8.40 g/cm3. (b) What are the absolute and relative errors
introduced by failing to account for the effect of
buoyancy?
Given: mwater from pippet = 49.9814 g
dwater= 0.99707 g/cm3
md=8.40g/cm3
dair= 0.0012 g/cm3
Required: Vwater
A.E?
R.E?
SOLN:
(a) Calculate, with and without correcting for buoyancy,
the volume of water delivered by the pipet.
v=49.9814 g x 1 - 0.0012/8.40g/cm^3 / 1-0.0012/0.99707
v=49.9814/0.9987964737
v=50.0416g
Vwater with correction= 50.0416g 50.1887x
1mL/0.99707g=50.3361mL
Vwater without correction=49.9814g x 1/0.99707g=50.1283mL
(b) What are the absolute and relative errors introduced
by failing to account for the effect of buoyancy?
A.ERROR=50.1283mL-50.3361mL
=-0.2078
P.R.E=50.0416-50.1283mL / 50.0416 X 100=0.17

1.In calibrating a 25-mL volumetric pipet, distilled water


is used at 22oC. The dry stoppered flask weighs 27.278 g
and the filled flask and stopper is 52.127 g. The balance
uses stainless steel weights whose density is 7.8 g/mL.
What is the volume of the flask at that temperature? What
is the actual volume at vacuum condition? Repeat your
calculation if the temperature is 20oC. Compare the
results.
Solution: Wair= 52.127g – 27.278=24.849g 1.
Wvac=24.849g + 24.849g ( )= 24.88g 2.
Wvac=24.849g + 24.849g( )= 24.88

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