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Wahab PTDU Lab 13

This lab experiment analyzes complex loads, power consumption measurement, and peak load monitoring. Complex loads consist of resistive, inductive, and capacitive components, which results in non-unity power factors. Power factor can be improved by adding capacitors to provide reactive power to counter the inductive loads. The experiment measures power factors and currents for various resistor-inductor-capacitor configurations. At maximum power factor, current is minimized. The best configuration was found to be 750 ohms, 2H inductance, and 4uF capacitance, achieving a power factor of 0.97 and current of 0.36A. Understanding complex power factors is important for efficient power transmission and reducing losses.

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40 views3 pages

Wahab PTDU Lab 13

This lab experiment analyzes complex loads, power consumption measurement, and peak load monitoring. Complex loads consist of resistive, inductive, and capacitive components, which results in non-unity power factors. Power factor can be improved by adding capacitors to provide reactive power to counter the inductive loads. The experiment measures power factors and currents for various resistor-inductor-capacitor configurations. At maximum power factor, current is minimized. The best configuration was found to be 750 ohms, 2H inductance, and 4uF capacitance, achieving a power factor of 0.97 and current of 0.36A. Understanding complex power factors is important for efficient power transmission and reducing losses.

Uploaded by

Ali Arshad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PTDU Lab no.

13
Complex Loads, Power Consumption Measurement & Peak Load Monitoring
ABDUL WAHAB NASIR (02) BSEE 16-20

Abstract

The main objective of this lab experiment is to understand and analyze the complex loads, their power consumption
measurement and the monitoring or our peak loads. Generally most of the loads are of inductive nature so we have
lagging power factor but it can be improved if capacitor bank is attached to it as capacitors provide reactive power
and inductor consumes reactive power. But in order to improve power factor to a specific value, a capacitor bank
having specific capacitance value should be used. In this lab power factor correction will be performed by inserting
required capacitor banks and the impact of power factor on current magnitude will also be observed. An analysis of
the power supply grid and connected consumers (loads) is necessary for effective use of the measurement techniques
involved. Accordingly, each experiment permits a detailed investigation of static, dynamic, symmetric and
asymmetric loads.

Index terms --- Peak Load Monitoring, Complex loads, Complex power consumption.

I. INTRODUCTION [1] waveforms are purely sinusoidal, the power factor is


the cosine of the phase angle (f) between the current
Complex Load and Complex Power and voltage sinusoid waveforms.
P is the real power, Q is the reactive power (in this
case negative), S is the complex power and the length
of S is the apparent power.
The unit for all forms of power is the watt (symbol:
W). However, this unit is generally reserved for the
real power component. Apparent power is
conventionally expressed in volt-amperes (VA) since
it is the simple product of rms voltage and rms
current. The unit for reactive power is given the
special name "VAR", which stands for volt-amperes
reactive (since reactive power flow transfers no net Figure 13.1: Circuit Diagram of the Module
energy to the load, it is sometimes called "wattless"
power).
Note that it does not make sense to assign a single Power factor equals 1 when the voltage and current
unit to complex power because it is a complex are in phase, and is zero when the current leads or
number and it is therefore defined as a pair of two lags the voltage by 90 degrees. Power factors are
units: W and VAR. Understanding the relationship usually stated as "leading" or "lagging" to show the
between these three quantities lies at the heart of sign of the phase angle, where leading indicates a
understanding power engineering. The mathematical negative sign. For two systems transmitting the same
relationship among them can be represented by amount of real power, the system with the lower
vectors or expressed using complex numbers, power factor will have higher circulating currents due
(where j is the imaginary unit). to energy that returns to the source from energy
Power Factor storage in the load. These higher currents in a
practical system will produce higher losses and
Power factor measures the efficiency of an AC power reduce overall transmission efficiency. A lower
system. Power factor is the real power per unit of power factor circuit will have a higher apparent
apparent power. (pf = Wh/VAh) A power factor of power and higher losses for the same amount of real
one is perfect, and 99% is good. Where the power transfer.
II. PROCEDURE [2] Task 03
In this task we have our credentials given below:
In this lab we are required to practically observe the
complaex power, its measurement and peak load
monitoring. We performed tasks to know about the R=750 Ohm, L=2H, C=6uF
calculation and power factor improvement. The
procedure is provided in ‘lab manual’ provided by Sir R=750 Ohm L=2H C=6uF
Abu Bakar. Following the instructions of lab manual
tasks were completed and results were observed. Phase1 Phase2 Phase3
Current (A) 0.43 0.43 0.43
III. LAB TASKS Voltage(V) 236 236 236

Task 01

In this task we have our credentials given below: Power factor=0.83

R=750 Ohm, L=2H, C=2uF Real Power=255W


Reactive Power=-1.57Var
R=750 Ohm L=2H C=2uF
Phase1 Phase2 Phase3
Current (A) 0.5 0.49 0.49
Voltage (V) 236 236 236

Power factor = 0.85


Real Power = 251 W
Reactive Power = 156 Var
Apparent Power = 296 VA
Figure 13.2: Capacitor vs Power Factor Peak Load
Task 02
Apparent Power=307VA
In this task we have our credentials given below:

R=750 Ohm, L=2H, C=4uF


IV. DISCUSSION CONCLUSION

R=750 Ohm L=2H C=4uF Capacitor provides reactive power .When we increase
Phase1 Phase2 Phase3 capacitance the power factor improves and reach
Current 0.37 0.36 0.37 maximum value and then decrease as the current
(A) angle start leading. When we increase capacitance the
Voltage(V) 236 236 236 power factor improves and hence current decrease.
When power factor reach maximum value, the
current is minimum. After that any further increase in
Power factor=0.97 capacitor increases the current as the angle of current
Real Power=252W start leading.

Reactive Power=52Var At high power factor, current is less, hence the line
losses are less. In our case the best suitable
Apparent Power=260VA capacitance is 4uF which result in Power Factor of
0.97 and current of 0.36A. When we increase
capacitance the power factor improves, current
decrease When power factor reach maximum value,
current is minimum. After that any further increase in
capacitor increases current. When we increase
capacitance the power factor improves, current
decrease When power factor reach maximum value,
current is minimum. After that any further increase in
capacitor increases current.
VI. REFRENCES

[1]. "Electono City | complex power –


Monitoring", electonicbuzz, 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://www.electicbuss.com/pfimp. [Accessed: 16- Apr-
2019].

[2]. Lab Manual Mr. Abu bakar | Complex Load


Monitoring | DEE PIEAS, 2019.

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