10

English
Quarter 4 – Module 3:
Giving Expanded Definitions of
Words
English – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 3: Giving Expanded Definitions of Words
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Roquiza Jane Macra -Taladua
Editors: Crisilda N. Estravela
Reviewers: Renelda D. Espinas
Illustrator: None
Layout Artist: Sheena Marie D. Tangonan
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Anna Lee A. Amores, Ed.D.
Joelyza M. Arcilla, Ed. D. Rosela R . Abiera
Marcelo K . Palispis, Ed. D. Maricel S . Rasid
Nilita L. Ragay, Ed.D. Elmar L. Cabrera

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 10
ENGLISH
Quarter 4 – Module 3
Giving Expanded Definitions of
Words

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENT PAGES

TITLE PAGE ------------------------------------------------ i

WHAT I KNOW ------------------------------------------------ 1

WHAT’S IN ------------------------------------------------ 2

WHAT’S NEW ------------------------------------------------ 3

WHAT IS IT ------------------------------------------------ 3

WHAT’S MORE ------------------------------------------------ 9

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED --------------------------------- 11

WHAT I CAN DO ---------------------------------------- 12

ASSESSMENT ------------------------------------------------ 12

GLOSSARY -------------------------------------------- ------ 15

REFERENCE LIST -------------------------------------------- 15

ANSWER KEYS ------------------------------------------------ 16

ii
 WHAT I KNOW

Pre-assessment:
Identify what is asked or defined in each of the following sentences by
getting the answer from the word pool below. Copy the letter of the correct
answer and write it in your activity notebook.

a. Definition c. Expanded definition

b. Formal Definition d. Informal Definition

1. It is the specification of the meaning of an expression relative to a

language.
2. It is a technique where analogy, descriptions, analysis, metaphors
and more are used to expand/expound the term/concept.
3. It follows the pattern of " term + class/genus + distinguish
characteristics/differentia."
4. What is the technique in defining the term ―Family‖ in the sentence
below?
―Family is the basic unit of the society.‖
1.What is the technique in defining the concept of ―Sensory Imagery ‖?
―Sensory imagery is any description that involves one or more of the five
senses.‖
2.What technique is used to define the term ―Myth‖ in the sentence below?
―A myth is a traditional story, especially one concerning the early history
of people or explaining some natural or social phenomenon, and typically
involving supernatural beings or events.‖
3.It goes deeper than a simple dictionary definition.
4.This definition may be synonyms or antonyms introduced by or, in other
words, or like.
5.This definition is composed of the term being defined, the class it
belongs to, and its distinguishing characteristics.

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Congratulations! I know you’ve worked so hard on that activity!

WHAT’S IN

In the previous module, you learned about technical and

operational definitions. Below are examples of the two types of
definitions you have studied, use each to fill the layers of our
hamburgers (Operational Definition Burger or Technical
Definition Burger.) Decide where each example should belong
to. Copy the letter of the statement and write it in your
notebook.

Operational Definition Burger Technical Definition Burger

a. An automobile is a car or truck that gets you around from place

to place and carries cargo or passengers, and makes it easier to live in
the city or countryside.
b. An automobile is a road vehicle with four wheels, typically with
four wheels, powered by an internal combustion engine or electric
motor.
c. A computer is a device or machine used in performing, assessing,
evaluation and following commands set by the users.
d. A computer is something used in doing homework or browsing
the internet.

Did you enjoy your burgers? I just gave you a taste of the
memories you had with your previous lesson. Wait, I have here
another burger for you! We’ll name it Expanded Definition
burger!

Just like the two burgers

above, this has also

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 its own sumptuous layers packed with
different definitions to give you mouth-
watering experience in every bite.

WHAT’S NEW

Look at the figure below and observe how ―Alzheimer’s disease‖ is

being defined.

Figure 1. Source: https://www.prismnet.com/~hcexres/textbook/def.html

Alzheimer’s disease is clearly defined through expanded definition.

Expanded definition provides meaning of an idea or word that has
components of both informal and formal definitions, and is presented in a
longer, paragraph format.

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 WHAT IS IT
The purpose of a definition is to explain the meaning of a term which may
be obscure or difficult, by the use of terms that are commonly understood
and whose meaning is clear.

An expanded definition is a one or more paragraphs that attempt to

explain a complex term. It uses a combination of formal and informal
definitions. Let’s get to know first formal and informal definitions.

A. Formal Definition of Words

One of the first things to do when you write an expanded definition is

to compose the formal sentence definition of the term you are writing
about. Place it toward the beginning of the expanded definition. It
establishes the focus for the rest of the discussion. Formal sentence
definition is composed of the term being defined, the class of object or
concept to which the term belongs, and its distinguishing
characteristics that distinguish it from all others of its class.

Formal definition = term being defined+ the class of object or concept to

which the term belongs + its distinguishing characteristics that distinguish
it from all others of its class

Example: Comic books

Term being defined class of object to which it belongs

Comic books are sequential and narrative publications consisting of

illustrations, captions, dialogue balloons, and often focus on super-powered
heroes.

distinguishing characteristics

It is "formal" because it uses a certain form. Take particular care when

you write the reference to the class to which the term belongs; it sets up a
larger frame of reference or context. It gives readers something familiar to
associate the term with. The term may belong to a class of tools, diseases,
geological processes, electronic components; it may be a term from the field
of medicine, computer science, agriculture, reprographics, or finance. Avoid
vague references to the class the term belongs to: for example, instead of
calling a concussion an "injury" or botulism a "medical problem," call
them something more specific like "a serious head injury" and "a severe
form of food poisoning," respectively.

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 Similarly, provide plenty of specific details in the characteristics’
component of the formal sentence definition. Readers need these details to
begin forming their own understanding the term you are defining.

B. Informal Definition of Words

In an informal definition, known words and examples are used to explain

an unknown term. The definition may include synonyms or antonyms,
introduced by or, in other words, like. It could also be stipulation,
analogy, or illustration.
Example: Freedom

Freedom, also referred to as liberty or independence, is a state people

reach when they are free to think and do whatever they please.

C. Expanded Definition of Words

It provides the meaning of an idea or word that has components of both

informal and formal definitions, but is presented in a longer, paragraph
format.
The key to writing a good expanded definition is to choose the sources of
definition to help readers understand the term being defined. Use this
checklist to select the kinds of discussion to include in your

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 Figure 2
extended definitions:

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Let’s use the word Arbitration this time to show examples of the different
sources of expanded definition in Figure 1:

1. Etymology/Word Origin
Arbitration, from the Latin word arbitrari for ―judgment‖
2. History/ Background
Long before laws were established, or courts were organized, or judges
formulated principles of law, men had resorted to arbitration for the
resolving of discord, the adjustment of differences, and the settlement of
disputes.
One of the earliest arbitrators was Solomon. In a book by Elkouri
and Elkouri, How Arbitration Works (1960), the authors not only stated
that Solomon was an arbitrator, but also noted that the procedure used by
him was in many respects similar to that used by arbitrators today. An
account of one of Solomon's arbitrations in the Old Testament is found in I
Kings, chapter 3, verses 16-28.
3. Cause and Effect
In the case of ―arbitration,‖ cause and effect may be the same as the
history
4. Description – listing and defining the component parts
Arbitration is conducted by a trained arbiter who sets down the rules that
the parties must abide by...
5. Principles of Operation
From AbronADR Services:
"Send the other party notice of your intent to pursue arbitration. The
Claimant (person initiating the case) sends the Respondent a Demand
Letter. This letter states the desire to submit the dispute to arbitration
either by means of the contract arbitration clause or by mutual consent...
6. Classification - showing how the term fits into a larger category
Arbitration is one of the alternatives to going into a formal court to settle
disputes
7. Contrast/Negation
In an arbitration proceeding, no lawyers are present.
8. Comparison – showing how it is similar to others in the class
As with lawsuits or other court proceedings, the decision in an arbitration
proceeding is legally binding on the parties.
9. Analogy – explaining by comparing two dissimilar topics, where the
second is familiar to the audience
An arbiter is like a referee – he or she listens to both sides and
makes a decision as to who is at fault, without the intervention of outside
parties.
10. Example

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Arbitration was recently used to settle the dispute between the labor union
and management.
11. Illustrations

Example 1: Freedom with expanded definitions

Freedom is a state people reach when they are free to think and do
whatever they please. (formal definition) To our colonial forefathers,
freedom meant having a voice in their government. (historical reference) The
Revolutionary War was a last resort against an empire that continued to
tax its colonists without the representation of the colonists in Parliament.
Since the United States won the right to rule itself, our country has been
referred to as "the land of the free and the home of the brave." (example)
True freedom means the ability to think, feel, say, or act however one
chooses. (listing parts) It is a state where the bars of bondage do not exist.
(negation/negatives) Unfortunately, the widening gap between the haves
and have nots means that some are now shackled by their lack of
education. (evoke the senses: shackled – parenthetical definition) Americans
can attain real freedom when everyone has the same educational
opportunities.

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Example 2: Alzheimer’s disease with expanded definitions

How to make an expanded definition

Compose a formal sentence definition of the term you are going to

define. Place it toward the beginning of the expanded definition. It
establishes the focus for the rest of the discussion.
An extended definition starts with a sentence definition, but then
expands on the word by providing additional sentences using a
combination of the sources of definition as shown in Figure 2 in the
previous page and as reflected in the two examples above.

1. The extended definition requires students to define or describe

something by beginning with a formal definition.
2. Fill in the term (generally provided by the teacher) in the initial blank
and then complete the second blank with an appropriate category and the
third part which is the term’s characteristics.

From there, provide specific information about the item by responding

to as many of the following questions as you can. The following are
just some of the guide questions that will help you make your
expanded definition. (The complete set is found in Figure 2 in the
previous page)

 How does it work? (operation)

 What are its parts? (description)

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  What does it look like? (description)
 What does it do? (process)
 Can it be compared to anything familiar? (comparison)
 How is it used? (purpose)
 What is its origin and background? (history)
 What is it not like? (comparison)

Example: Butterfly
How does it work? (operation)
What are its parts? (description)
 The life cycle has four parts: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa (chrysalis),
and adult.

What does it look like? (description)

 It has two colorful wings, a thorax, and six legs, and an antenna.

What does it do? (process)

 It flutters from flower to flower during the day to eat nectar.

Can it be compared to anything familiar? (comparison)

 It is similar to a moth.

How is it used? (purpose)

What is its origin and background? (history)
What is it not like? (comparison)

In paragraph form:
FORMAL DEFINITION

A butterfly is a nectar-feeding insect with two pairs of large, typically

brightly colored wings that are covered with microscopic scales. It has four
parts to its life cycle: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The larva stage is
the caterpillar stage. The insect then forms a chrysalis in its pupa
stage. It changes to a butterfly with colorful wings, antenna, a thorax,
and six legs. The butterfly flutters from flower to flower during the day
to eat nectar. It is similar to a moth.

EXPANDED DEFINITION

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 Note: The first sentence which is italicized is a formal definition and starts
your expanded definition. The rest of the sentences which are in bold
including the first sentence (the entire paragraph) is an expanded
definition.

WHAT'S MORE

Hey there, I hope by now you ha ve a good understanding of our lesson. It’s
time to check it out with this short activity.

Read and analyze to answer the questions below. In the items containing
choices, copy only the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in
your notebook.

1. A definition is _____________.

2. Which of the following definitions contains statistical data?

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 a. Approximately 5% of the U.S. population over 65 have severe
dementia, while another 10% have mild to moderate impairment of
memory and cognition. Of these demented individuals,
approximately 40 to 50% have Alzheimer's disease, making it the
most common cause of dementia in middle and later life.

b. Life on earth is possible because there is liquid water, a blanket of

life-supporting gases, and a climate neither too warm nor too cold.
Human beings may now be altering this balance by adding unusual
amounts of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. This could make the
global climate warmer than at any other time in human history.
And this change would be irreversible.

c. The output produced by a computer program may contain error

messages, which indicate the presence of errors in the program.
These messages are generated by the computer system to help the
programmer in correcting these errors, also known as bugs. Severe
errors can cause the processing to be terminated (aborted).

3. Which of the following contains a formal sentence definition?

a. Stress is a measure of the internal reaction between elementary

particles of a material in resisting separation, compacting, or
sliding that tend to be induced by external forces.

b. The resisting forces within the material are made up of

continuously distributed normal and tangential forces that are of
varying magnitude and direction and act on elementary areas
throughout the material.

c. These forces can be distributed uniformly or nonuniformly and can

be categorized as tensile, compressive, or shearing, according to the
straining action.

4. Which is the ―term to be defined‖ in the formal sentence definition

below? Stress is a measure of the internal reaction between elementary
particles of a material in resisting separation, compacting, or sliding that
tend to be induced by external forces.
a. measure b. external forces c. stress d. internal reaction

5. When you write an expanded definition (a paragraph or more in length),

you should put which of the following at or very near the beginning?

a. Formal sentence definition of the term

b. Technical description of the term
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 c. Informal sentence definition of the term
d. List of the primary, or distinguishing characteristics of the term

6. How is the term greenhouse effect defined in the text below? Is it

formal, informal or expanded?

The so-called greenhouse effect is an atmospheric process by which a

portion of the sun's heat is trapped within the earth's atmosphere, making
the earth's surface warmer than it would otherwise be. Life on earth is
possible because there is liquid water, a blanket of life-supporting gases,
and a climate neither too warm nor too cold. Human beings may now be
altering this balance by adding unusual amounts of carbon dioxide to the
atmosphere. This could make the global climate warmer than at any other
time in human history. And this change would be irreversible.
The atmosphere contains 75% nitrogen, 23% oxygen, with argon,
water vapor, and trace gases--including carbon dioxide--making up the
remaining 2%. Carbon dioxide is an odorless, colorless gas which
constitutes about 0.035%. It is essential for photosynthesis, the process by
which the sun's energy is converted into forms usable by plants and
animals.

Carbon dioxide affects the heat balance by acting as a one-way

screen. It is transparent to incoming visible sunlight and allows the sun's
heat to warm the ocean and the land. But carbon-dioxide molecules block
some of the infrared heat radiated back into space. This reflected heat is
absorbed into the lower atmosphere. This is the so-called greenhouse
effect.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Directions: Review the lesson on giving expanded definitions of words.

Then write your reflection in your notebook by finishing up the unfinished
statements below.

I have learned that

I have realized that

I will apply

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 WHAT I CAN DO

Using the sametext in the previous activity, identify the source of expanded
definition each item number had utilized. You may refer to the list in Figure
2.

The so-called greenhouse effect is an atmospheric process by which a

portion of the sun's heat is trapped within the earth's atmosphere, making
the earth's surface warmer than it would otherwise be. Life on earth is
possible because there is liquid water, a blanket of life-supporting gases,
and a climate neither too warm nor too cold. 1. Human beings may now be
altering this balance by adding unusual amounts of carbon dioxide to the
atmosphere. 2. This could make the global climate warmer than at any
other time in human history. And this change would be irreversible.

The atmosphere contains 75% nitrogen, 23% oxygen, with argon,

water vapor, and trace gases--including carbon dioxide--making up the
remaining 2%. 3. Carbon dioxide is an odorless, colorless gas which
constitutes about 0.035%. It is essential for photosynthesis, 4. the process
by which the sun's energy is converted into forms usable by plants and
animals.

5. Carbon dioxide affects the heat balance by acting as a one-way

screen. It is transparent to incoming visible sunlight and allows the sun's
heat to warm the ocean and the land. But carbon-dioxide molecules block
some of the infrared heat radiated back into space. This reflected heat is
absorbed into the lower atmosphere. This is the so-called greenhouse
effect.

ASSESSMENT

Give an expanded definition for each term below. You are given sets of
definitions for every term. Organize them in a paragraph to form an
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expanded definition. Pay attention to the words printed in bold as they will
set as your guide as to the order of the sentences comprising your
expanded definition.

1. Coronavirus
Given:
.
 There are several known coronaviruses that infect people and
usually only cause mild respiratory disease, such as the common
cold. However, at least two previously identified coronaviruses have
caused severe illness — Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
coronavirus and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
coronavirus.
 Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are actually common
throughout the world and can cause respiratory illness in people and
animals.
 Research is showing that COVID-19 is spread through droplets from
coughing or sneezing, which is why it’s so important to be wearing
masks. Other mode of transmission is through touching surfaces
like doorknobs and hands.
 According to the Department of Health’s COVID-19 CASE TRACKER
updated last April 17, 2021, there is a total of 203, 710 active cases,
706, 532 cases of recovery and 15, 810 cases of death.
Source: https://doh.gov.ph/covid-19/case-tracker
 This pandemic has affected thousands of peoples, who are either
sick or are being killed due to the spread of this disease. The most
common symptoms of this viral infection are fever, cold, cough, bone
pain and breathing problems, and ultimately leading to pneumonia.

Sequence: (Please follow)

1. Formal Definition
2. Classes or Types
3. Process
4. Effects/ Consequences
5. Statistics

2. Vaccine
Given:

• Vaccine is a substance containing a virus or bacterium in a form

that is not harmful, given to a person or animal to prevent them from
getting the disease that the virus or bacterium causes.
15
 • Edward Jenner ( English scientist and country doctor), was the first
to test a method to protect against smallpox in a scientific manner.
He did his study in 1796, and although he did not invent this
method, he is often considered the father of vaccines because of his
scientific approach that proved the method worked.
• Vaccine took its name from vaccinia, the virus that caused cowpox.
It was the original ingredient used to vaccinate people against
smallpox.
• Vaccine protects the vaccinated persons and those around them who
are vulnerable to the diseases, reducing the risk of diseases
spreading among family members, school mates or colleagues,
friends, neighbors and other people in the community.

Sequence:

1. Formal Definition
2. Origin of term
3. Historical Background
4. Advantages of Vaccines

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 GLOSSARY
Analogy (n) - a comparison between things that have similar features,
often used to help explain a principle or idea
Botulism ( n) - a serious type of food poisoning caused by bacteria in badly
preserved food
Concussion (n) - temporary damage to the brain caused by a fall or hit on
the head or by violent shaking
Genus (n) - a group of animals or plants, more closely related than a
family, but less similar than a species
Irreversible (adj.) - not possible to change; impossible to return to a
previous condition
Shearing (n) - the process of cutting or breaking something so that part of
it becomes separate
Tangential (adj.) - of or along a tangent
Tensile ( adj.) - flexible, loose and yielding

REFERENCES
NROC Developmental English Foundations. (n.d.).

Http://Content.Nroc.Org/DevelopmentalEnglish/Unit05/Foundations/IdentifyingTyp

es-of-Definitions.Html. Retrieved April 27, 2021, from

http://content.nroc.org/DevelopmentalEnglish/unit05/Foundations/identifying-

typesof-definitions.html

Online Technical Writing: Definition. (n.d.).

Https://Www.Prismnet.Com/~hcexres/Textbook/Def.Html. Retrieved April 27, 2021,

from https://www.prismnet.com/%7Ehcexres/textbook/def.html

extdef.html. (n.d.). Https://Www.Ou.Edu/Englhale/Extdef.Html. Retrieved April 27, 2021,

from https://www.ou.edu/englhale/extdef.html

17
 18
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ANSWE
https://doh.gov.ph/covid-19/case-tracker
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros

Orienta l
Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros
Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: [email protected]
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net

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