Using Satcom to Communicate with Air Traffic Control

and
Wireless Broadband Passenger Services
Moderator:
Peter Lemme, Totaport; Chairman, AEEC Ku/Ka-band Satcom Subcommittee

Presenters:
Charlie Gunderson, ViaSat
John Peterson, Aircell
David Coiley, Inmarsat
Brian Pemberton, Iridium
Wednesday, October 23, 2013
2:30pm-4:00pm
 Agenda
2:30 Communicating with ATC 3:25 ViaSat Yonder
2:40 Questions 3:30 IDAIR
2:45 Inmarsat SBB 3:31 FliteStream
2:55 Satcom radio frequencies 3:32 Rain fade – Ku Versus Ka
2:57 Iridium 3:37 Questions
3:02 Satcom capacity 3:40 ViaSat Exede
3:05 Gogo Biz 3:45 Inmarsat GX
3:15 Managing a shared resource 3:50 Iridium Next
3:20 Questions 3:55 Questions
 Safety Communications
• ACARS
– Data link for operator
• Satellite Voice
– Pilot to ATC controller/radio operator
• Air Traffic Services
– Departure Clearance, Digital ATIS
• FANS
– Future Air Navigation System
• ???Future???? Certificated in June 1995!
 FANS Applications
• CPDLC
– RCP240
• ADS-C
– RSP180
• RNP
– RNP4

Goal
30 nm lateral and 30 nm longitudinal separation
Source - Honeywell
IRIDIUM SAFETY SERVICES
 Communicating with ATC
• Inmarsat
• Iridium

• Equipment
• Approval

• Questions?
SATCOM RADIO FREQUENCIES
L band Ku band Ka band
Satellite Frequency Bands
L band Ku band Ka band
MHz GHz GHz
10.7 – 12.75 Rx 17.7 - 21.2 Rx
Inmarsat
1525-1560 Rx 13.75 – 14.50 Tx 27.5 – 31.0 Tx
1626.5-1660.5 Tx
ViaSat ViaSat
Iridium Yonder Exede
1616-1626.5 Rx/Tx
Inmarsat
Global Xpress (2014)

T
Rx Rx Tx
x
SATELLITE CAPACITY
 Satellite Capacity (per Tx, Rx)
• SES 4
– 72 Ku transponders x 36 MHz = 2,592 MHz
• Inmarsat 5 (GX)
– 89 Ka spot beam
– 72 x 40 MHz = 2,880 MHz
– 6 steerable beams for capacity overlay
• Viasat-1 (Exede)
– 108,000 MHz
Satellite G/T contours
Satellite EIRP contours

TC Meeting • 22-23 May 2012 • Burbank, CA USA 42

TC Meeting • 22-23 May 2012 • Burbank, CA USA 43
 Spot Beams
• Spot beams are a function of satellite antenna design and are not
limited in application to any particular frequency band
• Spot beams add gain to the system which can improve spectral
efficiency when compared to a global beam
• Re-tuning when transitioning between beams occurs more
frequently but should not impact connectivity (eg cellular)
• Spot beams carve up the terminals into smaller groups compared
to a global beam
 Spot Beams – Frequency Reuse
• Frequency reuse in a cellular beam pattern permits higher overall
capacity than an equivalent global beam
– 4 color re-use is common
• Divide frequency allocation (and polarization) into 4 sub-bands.
• Roughly every four adjacent spot beams use one of the four colors
• Total capacity possible = Frequency Allocation * Number of Spots / 4

72 spots could provide

18 times the frequency capacity
VIASAT YONDER
ViaSat Provides Airborne Broadband Connectivity
• Business aircraft
– Gulfstream V, IV, 450, 550, 650
– Bombardier Global 5000/XRS/6000
– Bombardier Challenger 604
– Cessna Citation X
– Boeing Business Jet
• Factory standard option
– Gulfstream
– Bombardier
• Government Aircraft
– C-130 Hatch-mount systems
– US Army King Air 300’
– USAF King Air 350ER’s
– C-130 Hatch-mount systems
– US Navy Gulfstream V
– Gov’t customer Pilatus PC-12’s
– C-17 Hatch-mount systems (SOF & VIP)
– Rotary-wing terminal development
• Entering transport category VVIP
• Incentive program for STC development
 YONDER® Service Plans
» Yonder Basic
» “Office in the Sky” applications and classical web surfing
» VoIP and sessions such as Skype
» Forward Link burst rates up to 1.5 Mbps
» Yonder Premium
» Stream video, movies, and music/large file download
» Video teleconference (VTC)
» Forward Link burst rates up to 2.0 Mbps
» Yonder VIP
» Simultaneous VTC sessions/multiple high rate streaming
applications
» Forward Link burst rates up to 4 Mbps
» Transport category aircraft
 We Provide Avionics To Enable Yonder Service
• VMT-1500 shipset for business aircraft
– Three LRUs
– Total shipset weight 35 lbs.
– In service today on over 500 aircraft
• VMT-1524 shipset for transport category aircraft
– Four LRUs
– Total shipset weight 150 lbs.
• Radome system
– Radome
– Mounting ring, skirt, accessories
• Integration and certification support
 We Make Yonder Easy
• We will work with your MRO to equip your aircraft

• Line fit option on new production aircraft

• Yonder service resellers

Managing a Shared Resource
 Sharing one channel
• Each airplane modem offers access to one shared
channel and competes for throughput with any
other modem on the same channel
• Users on the airplane compete for the
throughput available to that airplane
• Multiple access technologies manage efficient
sharing cooperatively
• Many applications (e.g. browsing, email) share a
channel without any perceived competition due
to their intermittency
 Throughput
• Actual throughputs (fraction of data rate)
available to each airplane are a function of
– service provider settings
– total demand from all airplanes sharing the
channel
– Smaller beams may have fewer terminals and less
demand on a given channel
– Additional channels can be provisioned for
meeting growing demand by dividing the
terminals
 Throughput challenges
• For Internet browsing, email, and entertainment,
the forward channel bears the largest burden
• For voice and telemetry applications, the return
channel may become the limiting factor
• Single channel receiver is limited to one carrier
• Multiple receivers can be used for parallel
reception of multiple carriers
 Data Rates and Throughputs
• Questions?
 Gogo Biz®
Inflight Internet and Voice Service
 Gogo Biz Overview
Applications Internet, email, VPN access – and now, voice.

A proprietary air-to-ground network using ground wireless

The Network
towers
Continental U.S. and portions of Alaska; Portions of Canada
Coverage
coming soon.
A “two-in-one” service offering Internet and voice capabilities –
Inside Scoop
with equipment small and light enough for virtually any aircraft

Key Features
Full mobile Internet and voice
Based on 3G mobile technology
Data plans start at $395/mo.
Voice plans start at $134.95/mo.
Gogo Biz® – Now a Two-in-One Service
• Simultaneous calls and Internet sessions
• All from a single equipment package

Voice Overview
• Crystal clear voice quality – on par with mobile phone calls
• Up to two simultaneous calls
• Options for using Gogo Biz Voice
– Gogo OnePhone cabin handsets
– Personal devices – via Gogo Text & Talk service

Available with Any Gogo Biz Installation or Retrofit

• Activate a no-cost Gogo Biz voice software key
• Purchase voice peripherals
 ATG 2000
New Gogo Biz Equipment Package
 ATG 2000
Gogo Biz® In-flight Internet and Voice Service
• Connect up to three personal devices
• General web browsing and e-mail
• Voice capabilities (optional)
– Up to two simultaneous calls
– Compatible with the Gogo® OnePhone cabin handset
– Compatible with personal smartphones
(using the Gogo® Text & Talk service)

• Lightweight
 Gogo® Text & Talk
For Personal Smartphones
 Introducing Gogo® Text & Talk
Your Phone, Your Number, In Flight
• Someone dials your number – it rings
• Someone sends a text – it comes through
• It “just works”

The Best Solution Since… Ever!

• Your own number
• A software-based add-on for Gogo Biz
• No picocells required
• Patent-pending technology
• It’s the Last Frontier
 UCS 5000
A Single System at the Heart of It All
 Introducing UCS
Helping you harness today’s amazing array of connectivity,
entertainment and information services.
Simply.

• It’s a smart router.

• It’s a media server.
• It’s a backbone system at the heart of it all.
 UCS at a Glance

Cabin Cabin
Handsets Management
System (CMS)
Personal Devices
In-cabin (smartphones, Printers In-Cabin
Devices tablets, laptops) Entertainment & Capabilities
CMS Remote Information
Controls Compression
Service

Wi-Fi Bridge 3G/4G Modem

 IDAIR GmbH
• Focus on VVIP aircraft, BBJ/ACJC and larger
• Ku band service offering
– Near world wide coverage
– One common network for all services
• Connectivity
• TV
– Rebroadcast of key networks
• Personal phone functionality
 FliteStream™ VVIP
by Astronics AeroSat
• Highly Efficient Ku-Band
Aeronautical Antenna
• 40,000 hours of
operation
• Worldwide Connectivity
Service
• Dedicated to the VVIP
Market
• Tiered and Tailored
Service Plans
• Certification Assistance
Program
• Installation design
• STC Data Packages
Rain Fade
Microwave
Absorption

70
 Link Margin for Rain Fade

UK Singapore
Latitude 51°32’ 1° 22’
Elevation 31° 88°
(of satellite at same longitude)

Slant Range 5.6km 5km

(through lower atmosphere)

ITU Rainfall Region F P

Availability (%) 99 99.9 99.999 99.9999 99 99.9 99.999 99.9999

Rainfall Rate (mm/hr) 1.7 8 28 78 12 65 145 250

Rain Loss Ka-band 1.5 7.0 23.7 56.0 10.9 59.5 130.0 194.2
(dB) 30GHz
Ku-band 0.3 1.6 6.5 18.1 2.6 18.7 46.1 74.9
14GHz
 Link Margin for 1% Rain Fade

UK Singapore
Latitude 51°32’ 1° 22’
Elevation 31° 88°
(of satellite at same longitude)

Slant Range 5.6km 5km

(through lower atmosphere)

ITU Rainfall Region F P

Availability (%) 99 99.9 99.999 99.9999 99 99.9 99.999 99.9999

Rainfall Rate (mm/hr) 1.7 8 28 78 12 65 145 250

Rain Loss Ka-band 1.5 7.0 23.7 56.0 10.9 59.5 130.0 194.2
(dB) 30GHz
Ku-band 0.3 1.6 6.5 18.1 2.6 18.7 46.1 74.9
14GHz
 Link Margin for 0.1% Rain Fade

UK Singapore
Latitude 51°32’ 1° 22’
Elevation 31° 88°
(of satellite at same longitude)

Slant Range 5.6km 5km

(through lower atmosphere)

ITU Rainfall Region F P

Availability (%) 99 99.9 99.999 99.9999 99 99.9 99.999 99.9999

Rainfall Rate (mm/hr) 1.7 8 28 78 12 65 145 250

Rain Loss Ka-band 1.5 7.0 23.7 56.0 10.9 59.5 130.0 194.2
(dB) 30GHz
Ku-band 0.3 1.6 6.5 18.1 2.6 18.7 46.1 74.9
14GHz
 Rain Fade
Satellite
Service Link

Feeder Link
 Feeder Link Rain Fade
• Teleports are generally fixed in location
• Low background noise floor
• Good view to GSO
• Uplink Power Control
• Boost transmission if path loss increases
• Geographic diversity
• Second Teleport offering equivalent service from
another location unlikely to be effected by a
column of water at the same time as the First
Teleport
 Service Link Rain Fade
• Airplanes in-flight will have varying moisture
effects due to their movement
• Flying above the weather will offer substantial
relief
 Is Rain Fade a Problem
• Severe rain fade can disrupt both Ku band and Ka
band
• Severe rain fade is highly localized
– A column of water
• Service-link rain fade is managed through
diversity as well adaptive technologies
• Feeder-link rain fade is accommodated using
adaptive link budgets to optimize the current
conditions
 Ku band Versus Ka band
• Ka band has shorter wavelength than Ku band
• Reduced antenna beam widths
• Increased antenna gain
• Increased rain fade effects
• Higher path loss offsets gain benefit
 Ku band Versus Ka band
• Questions?
EMERGING SATCOM SERVICES
VIASAT EXEDE
 ViaSat is the Leader in High Performance Ka-Band
Satellite Broadband Services

» Over 1.5 million Ka terminals built and delivered since 2005

» Over 500,000 terrestrial subscribers in North America for our WildBlue® and Exede® high-
speed Internet services
» Developing “Network of Networks” for National Leadership Command Capabilities (NLCC)
Management Office
 FCC Performance Benchmarks

In 2013 the FCC measured performance of all offerings of residential broadband services, delivered
over satellite, cable, DSL, and fiber. ViaSat Exede service surpassed all other services tested in
terms of meeting or surpassing promised performance.
VIASAT – 1: Ka Continental US Service

» World’s highest capacity

satellite – 140 Gbps

» Launched Oct 2011;

commercial Jan 2012

» Service for 1 million

subscribers

» Unprecedented
speeds and Internet
media capabilities
 ViaSat-2 in 2016

• 7x the coverage of ViaSat-1

• 2x the capacity economics
 JetBlue and United
Exede-In-The-Air Delivers Unparalleled Experience

SLA to each passenger

12+Mbps to each seat
 Bandwidth is the Key
• Congestion = bad experience
• Speed = good experience
› High bandwidth needed to sustain good experience as the
number of users and their data consumption grows
 ViaSat Ka-band airborne shipsets
• High capacity Ka-band shipset for transport aircraft
– JetBlue launch customer – beginning fleet deployment
– A320, 737 & 757, EMB-190
– Total ~ 400 aircraft under contract

• Small aircraft shipset

– Utilizes VR-12 Ka antenna
– Shipping to government customers
Exede-In-The-Air for business aircraft
will be arriving soon.
 Emerging Communications
• Inmarsat GX
• Iridium Next
• ViaSat Exede

• Questions?
THANKS FOR LISTENING!
Na Email Phone
Peter Lemme [email protected] +1 206 851 4359

Charlie Gunderson [email protected] +1 760 476 4290

John Peterson [email protected] +1 720 245 1505

David Coiley [email protected] + 44 (0)207 728 1102

Brian Pemberton [email protected] +1 703 287 7429