Verb

a. Special verbs
Dikatakan special verbs karena memang tiga kata kerja berikut dapat berperan sbeagai MAIN VERB DAN
AUXILIARY VERB. Selain itu, tiga kata kerja berikut memiliki variasi paling banyak apabila dikomparasikan
dengan kata kerja lainnya. Variasi ini terkait erat dengan tenses yang digunakan dalam suatu diskursus.
Ironisnya, variasi ini kerap kali luput dari perhatian mereka yang baru belajar bahasa Inggris.
Special verbs tersebut ialah verb BE, DO, dan HAVE.

SPECIAL VERB VARIATION TENSE SUBJECT

BE IS PRESENT TENSES SHE, HE, IT
AM I
ARE THEY, WE, YOU
WAS PAST TENSES I, SHE, HE, IT
WERE THEY, WE, YOU
BEEN PRESENT PERFECT, ALL SUBJECTS
PAST PERFECT,

BEING PRESENT ALL SUBJECTS

CONTINUOUS, PAST
CONTINUOUS,

HAVE HAS PRESENT SIMPLE,SHE, HE, IT

PRESENT
HAVE PERFECT THEY, WE, I, YOU

HAD PRESENT PERFECT, ALL SUBJECTS

PAST PERFECT,

HAVING PRESENT ALL SUBJECTS

CONTINUOUS, PAST
CONTINUOUS
DO DOES PRESENT SIMPLE SHE, HE, IT
DO PRESENT SIMPLE THEY, WE, I, YOU
DID PAST SIMPLE ALL SUBJECTS
DONE PRESENT PERFECT, ALL SUBJECTS
PAST PERFECT,

DOING PRESENT ALL SUBJECTS

CONTINUOUS, PAST
CONTINUOUS,

b. General verbs
Dikatakan general verbs karena kata-kata kerja yang termasuk dalam ranah ini berperan sebaga MAIN
VERB saja dan tidak begitu ruwet dalam penggunaannya, karena tidak menjadi bagian utama dari pola
dasar suatu tense. Di bawah ini, Anda dapat mempelajari sejumlah contoh general verbs yang kerap
muncul dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

V1 (SIMPLE FORM) V2 (SIMPLE PAST) V3 (PAST Meaning

PARTICIPLE)
go went gone pergi/hilang
read read read membaca
write wrote written menulis
listen listened listened mendengarkan
hear heard heard mendengarkan
present presented presented mempresentasikan
show showed showed/shown menunjukkan
draw drew drawn menggambar
design designed designed mendesign
browse browsed browsed mencari
operate operated operated mengoperasikan
do did done mengerjakan
discuss discussed discussed berdiskusi
make made made membuat
finish finished finished menyelesaikan
obey obeyed obeyed mematuhi
ignore ignored ignored mengabaikan
skip skipped skipped bolos/melewati
stir
cheat stirred
cheated stirred
cheated mengaduk
menyontek/selingkuh
fry
study fried
studied fried
studied menggoreng
belajar
boil
learn boiled
learned boiled
learned/learnt merebus
belajar
slice
get sliced
got sliced
got/gotten mengiris
memperoleh
chop
have chopped
had chopped
had merajang
memiliki/mempunyai
cut
open cut
opened cut
opened memotong
membuka
meet
close met
closed met
closed bertemu
menutup
know
agree knew
agreed known
agreed mengetahui
menyetujui
hold
disagree held
disagreed held
disagreed mengadakan/memegang
tidak menyetujui
long
analyse longed
analysed longed
analysed merindukan
menganalisis
miss
tell missed
told missed
told melewatkan/kangen
memberitahukan
come
talk came
talked come
talked datang
berbincang
arrive
speak arrived
spoke arrived
spoken tiba
berbicara
visit
say visited
said visited
said mengunjungi
mengatakan
keep
describe kept
described kept
described menjaga
menggambarkan
wear
explain wore
explained worn
explained mengenakan
menjelaskan
tear
inform tore
informed torn
informed merobek
menginformasikan
sleep
watch slept
watched slept
watched tidur
menonton/menyaksikan
worry
notice worried
noticed worried
noticed mengkawatirkan
memperhatikan
choose
insist chose
insisted chosen
insisted memilih
memaksa
pick
push picked
pushed picked
pushed menjemput/memetik
memaksa/mendorong
lean
force leaned
forced leaned
forced bersandar
memaksa
wake
forget woke
forgot waken
forgotten bangun/membangunkan
melupakan
sit
remember sat
remembered sat
remembered duduk
mengingat
stand
memorize stood
memorized stood
memorized berdiri
menghafalkan
move
think moved
thought moved
thought bergerak/pindah
memikirkan
let
understand let
understood let
understood membiarkan
mengerti
express
feel expressed
felt expressed
felt mengungkapkan
merasakan
create
taste created
tasted created
tasted menciptakan
mencicipi
realize
eat realize
ate realize
eaten menyadari
makan
recognize
drink recognized
drank recognized
drunk mengenal/mengakui
minum
quarantee
whisper quaranteed
whispered quaranteed
whispered menjamin
membisikkan
apply
sing applied
sang applied
sung mengaplikasikan
menyanyi
practice
call practiced
called practiced
called mempraktikkan
memanggil/menghubungi
continue
send continued
sent continued
sent melanjutkan
mengirim
try
imagine tried
imagined tried
imagined mencoba
membayangkan
repeat
concentrate repeated
concentrated repeated
concentrated mengulangi
berkonsentrasi
reject
focus rejected
focused rejected
focused menolak
fokus
accept
look for accepted
looked for accepted
looked for menerima
mencari
invite
wait invited
waited invited
waited mengundang
menunggu
ask
bring asked
brought asked
brought bertanya/meminta
membawa
answer
buy answered
bought answered
bought menjawab
membeli
mention
sell mentioned
sold mentioned
sold menyebutkan
menjual
find
pass found
passed found
passed menemukan
melewati/lulus
set
cross set
crossed set
crossed menata
menyeberang
solve
walk solved
walked solved
walked memecahkan
berjalan masalah
kick
run kicked
ran kicked
run menendang/menghajar
berlari
throw
jump threw
jumped thrown
jumped membuang
meloncat
pull
climb pulled
climbed pulled
climbed menarik
memanjat
pour poured poured menuang
add added added menambahkan
c. Auxiliary verbs
Auxiliary verbs merupakan kata kerja bantu. Mengapa dikatakan bantu? Karena pada umumnya
fungsinya ialah untuk mengubah tatanan pola kalimat positif menjadi kalimat negatif dan kalimat
interrogatif (kalimat tanya). Silogisme yang muncul ialah bahwa auxiliary verbs hanya muncul dalam
kalimat negatif dan kalimat tanya. Hal ini berlaku untuk auxiliary verbs DOES, DOESN’T, DO, DON’T,
DID, dan DIDN’T. Lain halnya dengan auxiliary HAS, HASN’T, HAVE, HAVEN’T, HAD, HADN’T,
sebab auxiliary verbs ini muncul dalam kalimat positif, negatif atau interrogatif untuk menunjukkan
sudah, belum, atau bertanya sudahkah. Anda tentu ingin mengetahui apa saja contoh dari auxiliary
verbs.

DOES : Auxiliary verb (Kata Kerja Bantu) yang muncul dalam kalimat negatif dan kalimat interrogatif yang
menggunakan tense present simple with general verb untuk subjek SHE, HE, IT Contoh: Does she really
know computer?
DOESN’T: Kependekan dari DOES NOT
Contoh: She doesn’t really know computer.
DO : Auxiliary verb (Kata Kerja Bantu) yang muncul dalam kalimat negatif dan kalimat interrogatif yang
menggunakan tense present simple with general verb untuk subjek THEY, WE, I, YOU
Contoh: Do we stay at this hotel for some nights?
DON’T : Kependekan dari DO NOT
Contoh: We don’t stay at this hotel for some nights.
DID : Auxiliary verb (Kata Kerja Bantu) yang muncul dalam kalimat negatif dan kalimat interrogatif yang
menggunakan tense past simple with general verb untuk semua subjek Contoh: Did you forget to bring your
tablet yesterday?
DIDN’T : kependekan dari DID NOT
Contoh: You didn’t forget to bring your tablet yesterday.
HAS : Auxiliary verb (Kata Kerja Bantu) yang muncul dalam kalimat positif dan kalimat interrogatif yang
menggunakan tense present perfect with be and with general verb untuk subjek SHE, HE, IT Contoh: He
has done the job since half an hour ago (+) atau Has he done the job since half an hour ago?
HASN’T : Auxiliray verb yang muncul dalam kalimat negatif dan merupakan kependekan dari
Contoh: He hasn’t done the job since half an hour ago.
HAVE : Auxiliary verb (Kata Kerja Bantu) yang muncul dalam kalimat positif dan kalimat interrogatif yang
menggunakan tense present perfect with be and with general verb untuk subjek THEY, WE, I, YOU
Contoh: They have lived here for 7 years (+) atau Have they lived here for 7 years?
HAVEN’T : Auxiliary verb yang muncul dalam kalimat negatif dan merupakan kependekan dari
Contoh: They haven’t lived here for 7 years.
HAD : Auxiliary verb (Kata Kerja Bantu) yang muncul dalam kalimat positif dan kalimat interrogatif yang
menggunakan tense past perfect with be and with general verb
Contoh: I had finished my job when she asked me to hang out this morning (+) or Had I finished my job
when she asked me to hang out this morning?
HADN’T : Auxiliary verb yang muncul dalam kalimat negatif dan merupakan kependekan dari
Contoh: I hadn’t finished my job when she asked me to hang out this morning.

Referensi:

Hornby, A.S. 1971. A Guide to Patterns and Usage in English. Great Britain: Oxford University Press

Murphy, Raymond. 1985. English Grammar in Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press