GC 201- Principle, Trends, Issues and Techniques in Guidance

Karen D. Acuario 11/09/2019

Dr. Valentina R. Catmunan REPORT

Basic Philosophy, Principles and Aims of Guidance

PHILOSOPHY BEHIND GUIDANCE:

1. Know the individual. This involves recognition of the essential dignity and worth of the
individual.

2. Guidance is primarily dedicated to implement the essential concern of democracy for dignity
and worth of the individual.

3. Guidance is a life-long process.

4. Guidance is based on human needs.

5. Guidance is an art of helping individuals to plan their own action wisely, in the full light of all the
facts about the world in which they will live and work.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES IN GUIDANCE:

Guiding principles refer to the procedures, methods of instruction or agglomeration of techniques by

which the student and the teacher/counselor may work together toward the accomplishments by the
goals or objectives.

1. Holistic development of individual - Guidance needs to be provided in the context of total

development of personality. Guidance deals with the development of the whole person.

2. Recognition of individual differences and dignity - Each individual is different from every other
individual. Each individual is the combination of characteristics which provides uniqueness to each
person.

3. Guidance is Concerned With Individual Behavioural Processes - It helps the individual gain better
control over his/her own behaviour such as likes, dislikes, tendencies and weaknesses. In this
principle the guidance worker uses tools such as: personal interviews, counseling relationship, test
interpretation sessions.

4. Guidance Relies on Cooperation, Not on Compulsion (Force) – Client should not be forced. The
client should consent by either explicitly asking for help or implicitly hinting, suggesting or signifying
that he needs help. Forced guidance may lead to stubbornness or lack of cooperation.

5. Guidance is a Continuous and a Sequential Educational Process - Guidance is a lifelong process;

begins at home goes on to school and into the society.

(Parents → Teachers → Community).

Parents, teachers, and community have a role to play in guiding the individual to acquire the right
behaviour and values.
SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE (Humphrey and Traxler, 1995)

1. Take time to solve problems and make wise decisions.

2. Let the counselee develop his own insights.

3. Consider most individuals as average, normal persons.

4. Problems arise from situations.

5. Problems are interrelated.

6. Integration of effort is essential.

7. Guidance must be an integral part of the organization.

AIMS OF GUIDANCE

1. Psycho-physical aim:

The first and foremost aim of guidance is meant for development of the mental health and physical
health of student.

2. Educational aim: Student faces many problems such as selection of suitable courses, choice
for essential books and problems related to class teaching, study lessons and examinations.

3. Vocational aim: The vocational aim of guidance is meant to prepare students for future
vocation and to show better efficiency in profession with much more job satisfaction. So that
school guidance service helps students providing accurate available information and prospectus
of different jobs in relation to their ability, interests, aptitudes and hidden potentialities.

4. Recreational aim: Guidance gives hints to the students regarding the utilization of leisure
hours in best possible use has become another important aim of guidance for the individual
development.

5. Social aim: The social aim of guidance is considered as another important aim of guidance
which is meant for social development concerning role and activities of individual students.

6. Personal & psychological aim: The personal and psychological aim of guidance seems to be
more important aim relating the personal adjustment and psychological adjustment of the students
both in the family and personal situation as well as school situation.

Need and Importance of Guidance and Counseling

- To help students know themselves better

- To give students information that will help them to succeed in life

- To assist students in planning for educational and vocational choices

- To encourage students develop special abilities and right attitudes 

- To help students so that they can solve their problems

- To establish mutual understanding between teachers and students

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 GC 201- Principle, Trends, Issues and Techniques in Guidance

Karen D. Acuario 11/09/2019

Dr. Valentina R. Catmunan REPORT

The children of OFWs

In the last 30 years, there has been a rapid increase of Filipino parents leaving the country and their
families for better job opportunities abroad. Existing literature points out the impact of migration on the
families and on the well-being, academic performance, and school behaviours, family and peer
relationships of the children left behind, and the need for interventions to address these concerns.

A review of the literature and a survey on the current practices in schools reveals a lack of structured
and programmatic interventions in school, which mental health professionals in schools recognize to
be essential to help OFW children adjust better. Considering the gaps in the current practice, we
recommend that more purposive school-based and family-focused psychological services are
implemented to help the children and families left behind by OFW parents.

Factors that may negatively or positively affect the formation and personal development of the
children:
- Global parenting
- Search for role models
- Academic performance and school behavior
- General well-being
- Socialization of children and learning to be independent

Several studies to show migration of parents is indeed heart breaking for children:
- longing for parental care
- burden of girl children in performing the “caring” work
- Confusion over gender boundaries and reversal of gender roles
- Developing a consumerist attitude
- Vulnerability to abuses

Impact on Children Migrants

- lost identity or culture gap
- fear of xenophobia
- Challenge in the access to education system
- OFW teenagers (particularly females) looking elsewhere for parental care, may lead to promiscuity,
premarital sex, unwanted pregnancies, unfinished college studies
- Can be prone to crime, drug dependence, alcoholism, gender-identity problems
- Incest between left-behind spouse and older kids

Counseling Intervention
- developing awareness on migration realities;
- bridging communication gap;
- instilling savings consciousness;
- promoting the importance of education and setting of goals;
- fostering gender sensitivity; and
- promoting peer counseling.
 GC 201- Principle, Trends, Issues and Techniques in Guidance

Karen D. Acuario 11/09/2019

Dr. Valentina R. Catmunan REPORT

Women’s Participation in the Labor Force

Women’s labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is
economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a
specified period.

Past Venture

- Women were then treated on par with men.

- Women became entirely dependent on men.

- Education, religious rights & privileges were curbed.

- Position of women in the country was improved.

Modern Woman

The modern women have realized now that they have a personality of their own as a human being
and that their mission in life. Changes in life and position of women have a greatly accelerated by the
spread of education. Modern women do not like to stay idle and stagnate at home, but rather aspire
to utilize their education and mental abilities in a constructive and creative manner.

Problem faced by Women

First , the majority of new mothers can’t balance between their works and their kids , because kids
need mother in the beginning of their life , therefore that can make a bad side effect in both sides .

Second, working for a long time. May be tired woman and make her confusing and not focusing and
that reducing quality of work

Third, sometimes job qualifications don’t suit women’s nature as some works need hard working for
example: driver, pilot, police officer etc.
 GC 201- Principle, Trends, Issues and Techniques in Guidance

Karen D. Acuario 11/09/2019

Dr. Valentina R. Catmunan REPORT

Career Education as an Element of Education

Career Education helps a person develop the knowledge and skills they need to choose and pursue
a career path.

Students are more engaged in education and highly motivated about their future when they have a
clear understanding of themselves and how they might live and work when they leave school.

High quality career education and guidance is an essential part of schooling in preparing young
people for their future. Careers are now increasingly seen not as being ‘chosen’ but as being
constructed through the series of choices about learning and work that people make throughout their
lives.

Career education in this sense need not be confined to the few, it can, and must, be made accessible
to all.

Under Graduate Career Education

Career education may also refer to centers or departments at schools or colleges that help students
plan their career paths.

Undergraduate students may have access to career counselors, as well as internship opportunities,
interview preparation resources and job postings.

The decisions that young people make at school have a big impact on their lives – affecting not just
their further education, training or employment, but also their social lives, finances and health
outcomes.

Students are more engaged in education and highly motivated about their future when they have a
clear understanding of themselves and how they might live and work when they leave school.

Counselors typically do the following:

• Help students understand and overcome social or behavioral problems through individual and
group counseling

• Provide individual and small group counseling based on student needs

• Work with students to develop skills, such as organization, time management, and effective
study habits

• Help students set realistic academic and career goals and develop a plan to achieve them

• Evaluate students’ abilities and interests through aptitude assessments, interviews, and
individual planning

• Collaborate with teachers, administrators, and parents to help students succeed

 • Deliver classroom guidance lessons on topics, such as bullying, drug abuse, and planning for
college or careers after graduation

Supporting students in making well informed choices about subjects can lead them to have a more
optimistic outlook on life, sense of purpose and greater level of contribution that they make to their
families and society.

There are economic and social benefits when students are supported to make effective transitions
from secondary school to further education, training or employment.

Career education and guidance play an important role in curriculum that supports:

 Students’ interests, strengths and aspirations

 Students’ achievements

 Students at risk of poor outcomes

 Students making informed decisions about their subject choices and pathways.
 GC 201- Principle, Trends, Issues and Techniques in Guidance

Karen D. Acuario 11/09/2019

Dr. Valentina R. Catmunan

Reaction Paper of Person-Centered Approach in School

Person-centered approach are essentially methodical ways to ensure that education is meeting
the needs of each child or young person, recognizing that each has a unique style of learning,
communicating, building relationships and making decisions.  It is an approach which is practical and
helpful in education, because it can solve some of the problems outside the curriculum faced by
students. Parents, teacher, guidance counselor and the school have a big role in every child.

To me person-centered approach is about really acknowledging that the person is the heart of
everything; making sure that we address person’s need before. Putting them at the beginning at front
thing we do, and making sure we individualize different services and our supports to that person.
Because people are individuals and you cannot apply the blanket if you cannot understand his/her
feeling. The focus on individual children and the range of tools that can be used to put them at the
heart of all school planning, could seem a daunting task to teachers, but using person-centered
practices to the learners make for happier and more effective in the schools.

For the parents, it is good to know that other people value their child and see the child’s
strengths rather than just focusing on difficulties or areas to develop. We should appreciate and
support them in the things they want to do. This is a way of parents feeling listened to, and respected,
for their expertise in their child’s life. A parent needs to understand their child first before others do.
Defensiveness, embarrassment, one’s own expectations all these may be blocks to empathy with
stereotyping, interpreting, projecting, identifying with and reassuring being the resulting behavior. What
is crucial for any person-centered counselor to understand is that they must, therefore, work on
themselves because if they can’t accept themselves with all their own flaws, their restlessness, their
lack of contentment, they are not in a position to help someone else.

Teaching today is a very challenging job. Teachers encourage student-centered learning by

allowing students to share in decisions, believing in their capacity to lead, and remembering how it
feels to learn. It requires willingness from teachers to share their power and have better trust in their
students. The teacher needs to be capable of being in touch with herself, her students, the members
of her community and the world and having the needed skills and attitudes to be a facilitator of
learning, an effective mentor promoting student creativity and autonomy and capable of helping
students develop their personal and social skills. They need a voice in why, what, and how learning
experiences take shape.
 GC 201- Principle, Trends, Issues and Techniques in Guidance

Karen D. Acuario 11/09/2019

Dr. Valentina R. Catmunan

Case Analysis

Case: Dealing with staff performance issues

Outline of the case: A junior member of staff has just returned to work after taking special leave to
care for her elderly mother. For financial reasons she needs to work full-time. She has been having
difficulties with her mother’s home care arrangements, causing her to miss a number of team
meetings (which usually take place at the beginning of each day) and to leave work early. She is very
competent in her work but her absences are putting pressure on her and her overworked colleagues.
You are her manager, and you are aware that the flow of work through the practice is coming under
pressure. One of her male colleagues is beginning to make comments such as “a woman’s place is in
the home”, and is undermining her at every opportunity, putting her under even greater stress.

Key fundamental principles

Integrity: You need to be fair to all those involved and act in a straightforward manner.

Confidentiality: You owe a duty of confidentiality to the staff involved.

Professional behaviour: How should you proceed so as not to discredit yourself, your profession or
the practice for which you work?

Considerations

Identify relevant facts: Consider the firm’s policies, procedures and guidelines, best practice and,
with legal assistance if required, applicable laws and regulations. Is there a staff handbook or similar
internal publication? Consider whether it is your proper role to manage this sort of staff issue. Does
the practice have a department responsible for personnel issues?

Identify affected parties: Key affected parties are you, the junior member of staff and her
colleagues. Other affected members of staff may be in the personnel department.

Who should be involved in the resolution: Consider not just whom you should involve but also why
and when. Can your professional body provide advice and guidance? Do you have access to
appropriate staff in the personnel department, or are you able to consult an external organisation for
confidential advice?

Possible course of action

Check the relevant facts. If necessary, clarify staff procedures with the personnel department. Take
legal advice if required.

Discuss the matter with the junior member of staff. Possible solutions may include suggesting a more
flexible approach to team meetings. Do these always have to be in the morning? At times, working
from home may be an option for the junior member of staff.
You also need to deal with the other member of staff, who needs to be reminded about proper
conduct and how such behavior may amount to harassment and be in breach of 7 the practice’s code
of conduct.

Considering the issues and trying to identify a solution enables you to demonstrate that you are
behaving professionally and attempting to resolve the difficulties faced by the junior member of staff.
Throughout, you must be seen to be acting fairly – both towards the junior member of staff, who is
responsible for her mother’s care, and towards other members of staff.

Having considered all reasonable compromises, if the conclusion is reached that the junior employee
is unable to carry out the work for which she was employed, you must turn your attention to her on-
going employment within the practice. This will probably be out of your hands, and you should deliver
the relevant facts to the personnel department or the owners of the practice. Appropriate
confidentiality must be maintained at all times.

You should document, in detail, the steps that you take in resolving your dilemma, in case your
ethical judgement is challenged in the future.

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