—————EEEEE ASSIGNMENT NO. 2 - FINALS Use the reference shown below to finish this activity. You may refer to the post in Google Classroom for the instructions and rubrics in doing your assignment. Max B. FAJARDO, Jr and Leo R. FAJARDO 1. Write pages 182-188 (Watts per square meter to Illustration 6-7 solution 1) of the book shown above. Include also the tables and drawings when necessary.ELECTRICAL LAYOUT AND ESTIMATE ANOTHER SOLUTION Convert : 10 feet to meter = 3.048 m. 20... = 6.097 m. —3,200___ 3.048 x 6,097 = 17219 Lux ILLUSTRATION 6-4 Compute the brightness of a fixture with a 1x 4” plastic diffuser having a transmittance of 0.6 and illuminated by 2 pes. 3,200 lumen lamp assuming 100% use of light flux, SOLUTION 4, Luminance = Total lumens x: Transmission fac Area of diffuser =. Lpes. x 3,200 x 6 x4 = 960 footlambert 2. To obtain the metric equivalent, multiply: Millilambert = Footlambert x 1,076 = 960 x 1.076 = 1,032.96 millilambert % The Watts per Square Meter Another methods used in determining the illumination, is ‘the watts per square meter. The floor area is computed from the outside dimensions of the building excluding open porches. 162PRINCIPLES OF ILLUMINATION Depending upon the size of the, 100m, colors ‘of wall and ceiling, types of lighting units, and methods of lighting used, the watts per square meter, method may produce 50 to 100 hoe that is approximately 5 to 10 footcandies. 1. For ittdastrial areas, twenty (20) watls per square meter will provide an ilhimination of 100 to 150 lux which ts approximately 10 to 15 footcandies. 2. For commercial areas, two (2) watts pet square foot or 22 watts per square meter will provide from 80 to 120 Jux whea used with standard quality equipment. 3. Forty (40) watts per square:meter will: provitle-about 200 hux that is approximately 20 fo wherein greater il- Jumination is required. “4. ‘Sixty (60) watts per square meter will provide about 300 Inx or approximately 30 fe usually recommended for-many-conventional, industrial and commercial re- quirements. 5. Eighty (80) watts per square meter will provide from 300 to 350 lux. TE cused of 350 ln, sepplensntary lightings are necessary. 7 6-3 Coefficient of Utilization and Maintenance Factor. The usable Enitial footcandle’ or lux is ‘qual to the footcan- dle produced by the coefficient of utilization (cu): Initial’ was emphasized, because the output of the light fixtare is reduced with time as the lamp fixture becomes dld and dirty. Lamp output normally drops and it is tormed as Mainfe- nance Factor (mf). And to find the average maintained illumi- ‘pation, we reduce. the. initial, illumination by the maintenance ‘The efficiency of a light fixture is equals the ratio of fix- ture output lumens to lamp output lumens. What we need is to determine a amber indicating the efficiency of the fixture 493ELECTRICAL LAYOUT AND ESTIMATE room combination, or-how’a particular light fixture lights a par- ‘ticular room. This number is normally expressed in decimal vahues called coefficient of utilization (cu). ‘The sable initial footcandie is-equal to the footcandle prodiiced by the coefficient of utilization (cu). 2) Initial footcandle = footcandle x cu. 4 Area b) Mslatesiance itlemination = jamo bm x:cu. x mf, . Ares * Lamp lumen therefore is simply the rated output of the lamp. TABLE 6-3 COEFFICIENT OF UTILIZATION Fixture Desctiption ou Efficient fixture, large unit colored room 045 Average fixtura, medium size room 035 Inefficient fixture, smalt or dark room 0.25 Enolosed fhdura, clean room ‘Average conditions ‘Open foxture oF dirty room ILLUSTRATION 6-5 ‘A school classroom with general ‘dimensions of 24x 30 feet is lighted with 10 fluorescent lamp 4F 40 T12 WW repid ‘start |. lamp. Calculate the initial and maintained illumination in foot ~ candie (English) and Lux (Metric), assiuming that the coefficient of utitization''(ou), is 0.35 and the maintenance factor (mf) is 0.70. 84PRINCIPLES | OF ILLUMINATION: SOLUTION- 1 English Measure) 1. Refer to Table $-3. The F 407 12 WW wats crescent tap fas 3,200 km. output. Malkpy. Cony ae = 10 fistures x, 4 lamps per fixture = 40 x 3,200 lumens per larep = 128,000 lumens Initial Foot Candle = Lymeng_x co x mf ) = 128,000 x 0.35 x 0,70 24. x 308, = 62.22 fe. x 0.70 mf = 4355 foot candle SOLUTION —2 By the Metiie Measure (SI) Convert feecto meter: 24 f = 7.32 m, , SOR = 914m. Lux = Lumens x cu x mf ‘Area 732m. x 9.14 m. = 468.75 Lux Check the answer: ‘One lux = 09294 foot candie ‘468.75 x 09294 = 43.56 fe ‘When the size of the room and the foot candle are given, the problem is how to find the number of lamps. required in each fixture, The following example is presented.ELECTRICAL LAYOUT AND ESTIMATE ILLUSTRATION 6-6 ‘An office room with gencral dimetisions of 8 » 20 metiors is to be lighted at an average maintained foot candle of 50, How many 3-lamp fixtures of 120 centimeters long F40 T12 WW rapid ‘start fluorescent lamps are required assuming 0.38 cu and 0.75 mf? SOLUTION 1. Lamp lumens =. maintained footeandle x area eax mf = 50 fo 0.38 x 0.75 = 28,070 lumens 2.” Bach 40 watt fluorescent lamp has an output of 3.200 umen, the mumber of lamps will be: Number of lumens = 28,070 3,200 = 8.77 lamgs 3. Since there are 3 lamps for each fixure, divide: 8.27 = 2.93 say3 lamps in each fixture 3 i Calculation involving 2 wide area is sometimes confusing than by computing the mmber of lamp fixtures per bay or per row which is found to be temple and interesting: This could be done easily by using the following formula: Number of fixtures = Miumination x area _ larnp per fixture x lumens x eu x mf 198PRINCIPLES OF FLLUMINATION - ‘This means that, the area lighted by a single fixture is; Area per fixture = lamp per fixture x lumens per lamp x.eu x mf Wiumination TABLE 6-6 EFFICACY OF VARIOUS LAMPS Source Lumeng per Watt ¥ Cana 0.10 Oil amp, 9.30 Original Edison Camp 1.40 41910 Edison Lamp 4.60 Modern Incandescent Lamp 14.20 ‘Tungeten Helogen Lamp 18-23 ‘Fluorescent Lamp (Inciuding ballast iosses) 50-80 ‘Mercury Lamp (including ballast losses) 49-70 (Metal Halide Lamp (including ballast losses) 80-80 High Pressure Sodium Lamp ‘90:40 ILLUSTRATION 6-7 spscentice cttice ‘coe is ighnad at an average maintained 538 lux or 50 fc. The floor measures 20 meters by 50 meters and is divided into bays measuring 4 m. x 5 m. Using 24amp of F40 T12 CW rapid start preheat lamp, find the number. of fix- tutes required. Assume an economy grade fixture with a low en 0f.0,33 and mf of 0.70. SOLUTION ~1 1. Solve fir the number of fixtures. per bay. Refer to Table 5-3, for F40 T12 CW, lumens = 3,150 2. No. of fixtures = ination x ‘Lamp per fixture xlumens x cu x mf = 538 bye x (4m.x 5 lamps x 3,150 Im. x 0.35 x 0.70 187ELECTRICAL LAYOUT AND ESTIMATE, = 10.760 = 6.9 fixtures 1,543 Accept 6 pieces of fixture per bay to make it symmetrical SOLUTION -2 1. From the following Formula, substitute the values: ‘Area per Fixture = Mumination ~ Zlamps por fixture x 3,150im. x 0.35 x 0.70 ie 538 bux. = 15435. = 2.87 sq.m. per fixture 538 " 2, Therefore, the number of fixtures per bay is; 4m.x Sm. = 69 say 6pes. per bay for 2:87 symmetry FIGURE 64 DISTRIBUTION OF LIGHTS PER BAY 168