Advance English Communication and Writing

B.A.LL.B-Second Semester

Course objectives
This second course focuses on developing the productive skills, writing and oral
communication, at an advanced level. The writing deals with legal academic writing;
whereas the speaking activities will provide students with the opportunity to practice
speaking skills needed by lawyers.
Unit-I
Nature of Communication
 Meaning of communication
 Verbal and non verbal communication
 Process of communication
 Levels of communication: Interpersonal, Organizational, Mass Communication
 The flow of communication: Downward, upward, Lateral or Horizontal (Peer group)
 Importance and purpose of communication
 Barriers to communication
Unit-II
Constituents of written communication
 Words and phrases: word formation
 Synonyms and Antonyms
 Homophones
 Requisites of sentence construction
 Paragraph development
 Techniques and methods: inductive, deductive, spatial, linear, chronological etc.
 The list of condensation-various steps.

Unit-III
Forms of Communication
1. The form of letters:
o A model of Business letters: Sales and credit letters, Letters of Enquiry, Letter of
Question, Order, Claim and adjustment letters.
o A model of personal letters: (i) Private or informal letters. (ii) Formal letters
o A model of official letters: D.O. letters, Govt. letters, letters to authorities etc.
2. Report writing: types, Significance, Structure, Style an writing of reports, note making and note
taking.
3. Other Business Communications:
- Technical proposals: Parts, types, writing of proposal, significance.
- Memorandum: Function and structure, types, press release
- Notices, Agenda and minutes of meeting
 Unit-IV
Job related communication:
- Job related application and resume
- Employment interview preparation: Types of interview, Preparation for the interview, attending
the interview, interview, interview process, Employers’ expectations, conducting an interview,
Negative aspects.
- Group discussion: Definition, process, guidelines, helpful expressions, evaluation

Unit-V
Reading, listening and speaking skills:
1. Reading Comprehension:
a. Reading comprehension skills
b. Reading speeds
c. Nature of words
d. Passage for communication
2. Precis writing:
a. Ten steps to précis writing
b. Abridging sentences
c. Do’s for précis writing
d. Dont’s for précis writing
3. Effective listening:
a. Importance of listening
b. Hearing and listening
c. Honing listening skills
4. Oral presentation strategies: Defining purpose, Audience and locale, Organizing contents, preparing outlines, Audio-visual
aids, Nuances of delivery, Body language, Space, setting nuances of voice dynamics, Time dimension.
Unit-VI Legal writing and Communication

Suggested Books:
- Business correspondence and Report writing (A practical approach to business and technical communication) By
R.C. Sharma – Krishna Mohan
- Business Communication
By- Dr. R.K. Kalra, Dr. S.C. Chitkara, Dr. V.K. Mittal, Dr. N.C. Garg.
- Professional Communication , By Rajhans Gupta

- Technical Communication, By- Ramanand Sharma

- Successful communication in Business, By- Physi. B. Elizabeth

- Effective Communication- Adair, John

- Business Communication-Lesikar & Pettit

- Living English structure- Allen, W.S.

- Spoken English for Indian Speakers- Bansal and Herrison.

 POLITICAL SCIENCE –II (WESTERN POLITICAL THOUGHT)

B.A.LL.B-Second Semester

UNIT-I
Historical Background, Plato: Early life and works- The Republic, Ideal State,
Concept of Justice, Education, Rule of Philosopher king, Plato’s idea of communism.
Aristotle: Early life-works, Influence on Aristotle, Views on state, Education,
classification of constitution, slavery, Views on citizenship-property-revolution,
justice.
UNIT-II
Cicero: Sources and influences-Main Ideas of Cicero Contribution to Political
Thought.
St. Augustine: Main Ideas of St. Augustine, Evaluation.
UNIT-III
Machiavelli: Early life-Influence on Machiavelli, Machivelli as a Modern Political
Thinker –Views on Human Nature. Morality-Religion-State –Contribution to Political
Thought.
Montesquieu:- Early life-Methods-Main Ideas Classifications of Government –
Theory of Separation of Powers.
UNIT-IV
Thomas Hobbes: Views on Human Nature and State of Nature-Social contract theory,
Sovereignty, Law, Rights and Liberty.
John Locke: Views on Human Nature –State of Nature-Natural Law, Social Contract,
State and Sovereignty, Individualism, Classifications of Government
UNIT-V
Rooseau: Views on State of Nature, Social Contract, General Will, Sovereignty, His
Contribution to Political Thought, Absolutism, Estimate.
Jeremy Bentham: His views on Utilitarianism, Liberty.
UNIT-VI
J.S. Mill: His views on Liberalism State, Representative Government, Mill as
Individualist and Socialist
T.H. Green: Theory of Right, State.
 UNIT-VII
Karl Marx: Early life and Influences –Communist, Manifesto, Dialectical Materalism,
Historical Materialism, Class War, Surplus Value, Dictatorship of the Proleteriate
Communism, Contradiction with Capitalism.

Books Recommended:
1. William Ebenstein: Great Political Thinkers-Plato to Present, Oxford and IBH
Publishing Co. New Delhi.
Address: Mohan Primalni, Oxford and IBH Publishing company, 66-Janpath Road, New
Delhi.
2. R.C. Gupta: The Great Political Thinkers, Lakshmi Narayan Agarwal, Agra.
3. Prem Arora and Brij Groner : Political Thought : Cosmos Book Hiene (P) Ltd.
New Delhi, Address: Cosmos Book Hiene (P) Ltd. 43/30, East Patel Nagar, New Delhi-
4. G. Sabine: History of Political Theory, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co-Ltd., 66-
Janpath Road, New Delhi.
Western Political Thought: Amit Kumar Mukopadhya.
 Sociology –II (Law and Social Change)
B.A.LL.B.-Second Semester

Unit-I
Social Change in India:
The concept of social change and development, models of social development, goals of social change in
India, approaches to the study of social change, planning and social change, nature and direction of social
change, Hindearnances to social change
Social changes in legislatives.
Unit-II
The Social Change in Family System
Age at marriage-Marriage age in Ancient India, Recent trends in age at marriage, measures against child
marriage and Law, suitable age for marriage.
Divorce- Breaking up of marriage, divorce in early India, changing attitudes towards divorce, role
adjustment after divorce, the divorce trend in Muslims, functional aspects of Divorce, Dysfunctional
aspects of Divorce.
Dowry- The concept of dowry, dowry through ages. Motivations in dowry. Sociological implication of
dowry. The Legislation and dowry. Measures towards abolition. Inter-caste marriages-History of Inter caste
marriage, changing attitudes towards Inter-caste marriages, factors promoting inter-caste marriages.
Reactions to inter-caste marriages.
Unit-III
The Caste System:
The caste system, structural and cultural concepts of caste. Caste, verna, sub caste, and tribe, characteristics
of caste, origin of caste.
Changing structure of caste and its future, the early structure, functions of caste, merits and demerits of
caste, present structure and future of the caste system.
aymani system, caste and politics.
The schedule castes, crimes against caste system.
Other back ward castes and classes.
Unit-IV
Social Change and Development:
Sanskritization-The concept of Sanskritization, features of Sanskritization, factors promoting Sanskritization
Westernization – The concept of westernization, understanding social change, scholars support to the concepts.
Modernization-The concept of modernization , characteristics of modernization, measures of modernization, impact of
the west and modernization in India, problems of modernization , Modernization of Man.
Unit-V
Status of Women:
Women in Ancient India, women in the post Independence, women and employment, rights of women,
social laws, economic laws, political law,
Crime against women- female infanticide, female feticides, sexual harassment, domestic problem,
prostitution, child marriage, widow marriage.

B.A.LL.B-IInd Semester

HISTORY OF COURTS AND LEGISLATURES

Objectives of the course

Study of law relating to a particular country is not complete without understanding the history and
development of the laws and legal institutions. India is a country rich in history and traditions. A student of
law should be exposed to the ancient social order and religious philosophy as well as to the systems of
dispute settlement mechanisms existing in those days. The medieval period had influence in the
development of legal system. The advent of the British was an event, which also had its influence. The
growth of judicial and legislative institutions after this event has to be taught in order to give an insight and
awareness of how the present system had emerged from the ancient and medieval times.
UNIT-I
Establishment in Presidency Towns and Administration of justice from (1600-1726) Mayor’s courts under
character 1726 and 1753.
UNIT-II
Regulating Act, 1773, Supreme Court at Calcutta-Its organization and functioning (Raja Nand Kumar Trial,
Patna case, Cossijura case, Kamaluddin case)
Act of Settlement, 1781, Pitts India Act, 1784.
UNIT-III
Adalat system in mofussil area (study of different Judicial Plans –Warren Hsatings, Lord Comwallis and
Lord Bentinck.)
High Court Act, 1861.
UNIT-IV
Federal Court under Government of India Act, 1935.
Privy Council, Present Judicial system.
UNIT-V
Codification, Character of 1833 and 1853, Law Commissions, Council Acts 1861, 1892, 1909, 1919, 1935.
Transfer of powers & Indian independence Act, 1947.

Books Recommended:
1. Jain, M.P. : Outlines of Indian Legal History
2. Singh, M.P. : Outlines of Indian Legal History
3. Puri, S.K. : Indian Legal History
4. Pranjape, V.N. : Indian Legal History
5. J.K. Mittal : Indian Legal History
6. Keith, A.B. : Constitutional History of India
7. Banerji, A.C. : The Constitutional History of India (3 vols).
8. Herbert Cowell: The History and Constitution of the Courts and Legislative
Authorities in India
9. Singh, G.N. : Landmarks in India’s Constitutional and National
Development
10. V.D. Kulshreshth : Landmarks in India Legal & Constitutional History.

B.A.LL.B-IInd Semester

Specific (Special) Contract

This course is to be taught after the students have been made familiar with the general principles of contract
in which the emphases in on understanding and appreciating the basic essentials of a valid contract and on
the existence of contractual relationship in various instances. Obviously a course on special contracts
should initiate the students to different kinds of contract with emphasis on the intricacies therein. This
course also should provide an insight into the justification for the special statutory provisions for certain
kinds of contracts.
Unit-I
The concept of Indemnity, Definition and nature, extent of liability of the indemnifier, commencement of
liability of indemnifier. Indemnity in cases of international transactions.
Contract of guarantee, definition, essential features of guarantee, extent of surety’s liability. Discharge of
surety from liability, Right of surety Indemnity and guarantee distinguished.
Unit-II
Contract of Bailment, definition, essential features of bailment. Duties of bailor and bailee Rights of bailor
and bailee. Pledge:- Definition, Rights of pawner and pawnee, pledge by certain specified persons
mentioned in the Indian Contract Act.

Unit-III
Agency definition, essentials of agency, creation of agency, kinds of agent. Duties and Rights of agents,
scope and extent of agents, authority, liability of the agent towards the principal, personal liability towards
the parties, methods of termination of agency.

Unit-IV
Sale of goods Act, 1930, concept of sale as a contract, definition, essentials of contract of sale, Implied
terms in contract of sale, the rule of caveat emptor and, the exceptions effect and meaning of implied
warranties in a sale. The nemo dat quod non habit rule, delivery of goods, unpaid seller and his rights,
remedies for breach of contract.

Unit-V
Hire Purchase Act 1972, Definition Rights and obligation of the Hirer and owner contracts of Hire purchase
agreements, warranties and conditions, standards form of contracts nature, advantages and unilateral
character, principles of protection against the possibility of exploitation, exemption clauses.
Prescribed Books:

1. Avtar Singh – Law of Contract

2. Krishnan Nair – Law of Contract
3. Pollock and Mula – Indian Contract Act
4. S.K. Singh – Sale of Goods Act

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Basics of Computer Language and Its application

Second Semester (option paper in lieu of Hindi for foreign students Only)

Syllabus

Unit One:

Introduction to Computers (Introduction, Characteristics of Computers, Block diagram

of computer, Types of computers and features, Mini Computers, Micro Computers,

Mainframe Computers, Super Computers, Types of Programming Languages, Machine

Languages, Assembly Languages, High Level Languages, Data Organization, Drives,

Files, Directories, Types of Memory , Primary And Secondary), RAM, ROM, PROM,

EPROM, Secondary Storage Devices (FD, CD, HD, Pen drive ), I/O Devices, Scanners,

Digitizers, LCD, Simple Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division)

What is a program; Digital computer fundamentals; What is a language; How program

executes.

Unit Two:

C programming: Data types; Operators; Expressions; Scope resolution and variable types;

Control flow structures; Functions; Arrays and pointers; Structures and Unions;

Stream data processing (File operations).

Unit Three:

C++ Programming: Introduction to objects and classes; Object hierarchy; Inheritance;

Polymorphism; Operator overloading; Templates; Virtual class and Friend class.

Books:

1. Programming in C – Gottfried B.S. (TMH).

2. Fundamental of Computers – By V. Rajaraman B.P.B. Publications
3. Fundamental of Computers – By P. K. Sinha
4. Let us C – Kanetkar Y. (BPB).
5. The C Programming Language - Kernighan B.W., Ritchie D.M. (PHI).
6. C++: The Complete Reference (4th Ed) – Schildt H. (TMH).
7. The C++ Programming Language – Stroustrup B. (Addison-Wesley)