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6 Intro To Open Channel Flow

For a trapezoidal channel: A = (b + zd)d/2 P = b + 2d√(1 + z2) T = b + 2d

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Lee Castro
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104 views

6 Intro To Open Channel Flow

For a trapezoidal channel: A = (b + zd)d/2 P = b + 2d√(1 + z2) T = b + 2d

Uploaded by

Lee Castro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OPEN CHANNEL

HYDRAULICS
pipe flow vs. open channel
HYDRAULICS
BASIC EQUATIONS
1. continuity equation
2. energy equation
3. momentum equation
CONTINUITY EQUATON
 
11  22
m1  m2 
t1 t2

1Q1   2 Q2 Q1  Q2

A1V1  A2V2
ENERGY EQUATION

E1  E2
2 2
p1 v p2 v
 z1  1
  z2  2

 2g  2g
MOMENTUM EQUATION

 F  ma
V
FG  FP  F f    QV
t
FLOW CLASSIFICATION
1. TIME AS THE CRITERION
STEADY FLOW
2. SPACE AS THE CRITERION
UNIFORM FLOW
3. BASED ON FLOW REGIMES
INERTIAL FORCES
VISCOUS FORCES
GRAVITATIONAL FORCES
REYNOLDS NO.

 LAMINAR FLOW
VL  Re < 500
Re  TURBULENT FLOW


 Re > 1,000
 TRANSITION FLOW
 500 < Re < 1,000
FROUDE NO.
 CRITICAL FLOW
V  Fr =1
Fr   SUBCRITICAL FLOW
gD  Fr <1
 SUPERCRITICAL FLOW
 Fr >1
FLOW COMBINATION
 steady uniform flow
 steady non-uniform flow

 unsteady uniform flow

 unsteady non-uniform flow


CHEZY’S EQUATION

V  c RS
Manning
1/ 6
R
c
n Kutter - Ganguillet
Bazin 0.00155 1
23  
87 c S n
c n  0.00155
m 1 23  
1 R S 
R
MANNING’S EQUATION

V k 2 / 3 1/ 2
R S
n
V = velocity of flow (m/s or ft/s)
R = hydraulic radius (m or ft)
k = conversion factor (1-metric, 1.486-english)
n = roughness coefficient
S = slope of energy grade line
V  c RS
TYPES OF CHANNEL

 origin-based  geometry-based
 natural  prismatic
 artificial  non-prismatic
GEOMETRIC ELEMENTS
T

P A
R
P
GEOMETRIC ELEMENTS
 depth of water (d)  hydraulic radius (R)
 R = A/P
 stage
 hydraulic depth (D)
 top width (T)
 D = A/T
 water area (A)

 wetted perimeter (P)

 side slope

P R
A
P
Sample Problem
 Establish the formulas of Area (A) ,
Wetted Perimeter (P) and Top Width
(T) for a trapezoidal channel with base
b , depth d and size slope z.

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