2 Force and Motion Chapter 1 Motion (I)

1 Motion (I) (b) Reading = 23.38 s

Percentage error
Practice 1.1 (p.7) 0.005
=  100%
1 B 23.38
Maximum percentage error = 0.0214%
10 6 7 (a) Percentage error
=  100% = 1.16  109 %
24  60  60 0.3
=  100%
2 B 12.04
From 1 January 2014 to 10 January 2014, the = 2.49%
watch runs slower than the actual time by 9 (b) Athletes may be separated by less than
minutes. 0.1 s. The error in using stop-watches is
Therefore, when the actual time is 2:00 pm on too large.
10 January 2014, the time shown on the watch 8 He can measure the time t for her to complete
should be 1:51 pm. n cycles. The time for each cycle is equal to
t
3 C .
n
Let x be the length of the object.
0.5
 100% = 5%
x Practice 1.2 (p.12)
x = 10 mm 1 C
183.4 2 D
4 (a) 183.4 cm = m = 1.834 m
100 3 C
(b) 357 500 km = 357 500  1000 m After the first swap, the coin is at A. After the
= 357 500 000 m second swap, the coin is at C. Therefore, the
= 3.575  10 m 8
total displacement is 15 cm to the right.
9
(c) 32.0 nm = 32.0  10 m 4 (a) The distance travelled along path B is
= 0.000 000 032 0 m longer.
8
= 3.20  10 m (b) The same
(i)
5 (a) 1 day = 24  60  60 s = 86 400 s 5 (a)
(b) 1 year = 365  24  60  60 (ii)
= 31 536 000 s
= 3.1536  107 s (iv)
(c) 3 hours 35 minutes and 4 seconds (iii)

= 3  60  60 + 35  60 + 4
= 12 904 s
6 (a) Reading = 5.5 cm = 55 mm
0.5 (b) Magnitude of total displacement
Percentage error =  100% = (2  7) 2  (2  8) 2
55
= 0.909% = 21.3 km

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 1

 Oxford University Press 2015
2 Force and Motion Chapter 1 Motion (I)

Suppose AD makes an angle  to the 20  10

a= = 2 m s2
direction towards the south. 50
7 4 C
tan  =
8 5 D
 = 41.2 6 C
The total displacement is 21.3 km 7 (a) Average speed in 100-m sprint
S41.2E. 100
= = 10.4 m s1
6 (a) Total distance travelled = 16 + 10 + 12 9.58

= 38 km Average speed in 200-m sprint

200
(b) The path of the car is as shown. = = 10.4 m s1
19.19
starting point
total (b) 100-m sprint: yes
 displacement
N 200-m sprint: no
16 km 12 km 1.5
end
10 km point 8 (a) Average speed = 2 = 45 km h1
60
Magnitude of total displacement (b) It cannot be determined since we do not
= (16  10) 2  12 2 = 13.4 km know how the speed of the minibus
12 varies during the journey.
tan  =
16  10 600
 = 63.4 9 (a) Time taken = 30 = 72 s

The total displacement is 13.4 km 3.6

S63.4E. (b) Magnitude of average acceleration
40  30
2
= 3.6 = 0.556 m s
Practice 1.3 (p.20)
5
1 D
10 AB = 1.5  5  60 = 450 m
4  3.64  1011
Average speed = BC = 1.2  8  60 = 576 m
365  24  60  60
AC = 450 2  576 2 = 731 m
= 46 200 m s1
Magnitude of average velocity
= 46.2 km s1
731
It travels back to the starting position after = = 0.937 m s1
(5  8)60
each revolution. 576
 Average velocity = 0 tan BAC =
450
2 B BAC = 52.0
3  10 3 angle between AC and the direction
Average speed = = 12.5 m s1
4  60
towards the north = 20 + 52.0 = 72.0
3 A
The average velocity is 0.937 m s1 N72.0E.
11 Total distance travelled

2 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

 Oxford University Press 2015
2 Force and Motion Chapter 1 Motion (I)

= 5000 + 10 000 = 15 000 m 5

Average velocity =
5000 10 000 ( 2  2.5)  60
Total time taken = 
1.4 v = 0.0185 m s1
15 000 = 1.85 cm s1
Average speed = 500010 000 = 1.2
 7 A
1.4 v
Take upwards as positive.
15 000
Let v be the initial velocity of the ball.
 5000v  10 000  1.4 = 1.2
Average acceleration in upward journey
1.4v
0v v
 21 000v = 6000v + 16 800 = =
2 2
 v = 1.12 m s1
Average acceleration in downward journey
12 (a) Two cars travel at the same speed but in v  0 v
different directions. = =
42 2
(b) The man runs for a complete cycle along 8 Time / s 0 2 4 6 8
a circular path. 1
Speed / m s 2 7
12 17 22
72
Magnitude of acceleration = = 2.5 m
Practice 1.4 (p.28) 20
1 B s 2
60  20
Time take = 9 Take downwards as positive.
25 15  v
= 10
= 1.6 s 2
2 C v = 5 m s1
3 A Its velocity is 5 m s1 downwards.
40  0 10 Magnitude of average acceleration
Deceleration = 3.6 100  0
5 = 3.6 = 11.1 m s
2

= 2.22 m s2 2 .5
4 D 11 (a) 200 m
5  2 + (6)t = 8 (b) Total displacement
t =3s =700 + (200) = 500 m
5 B 700
(c) Average velocity = = 1.17 m
20 10  60
Average speed = = 10 m min1
2 s 1
Displacement in downward journey = 20 m (d) Average velocity
Displacement in upward journey = 10  2.5 500
= = 0.189 m s1
= 25 m (4  30  10)  60
Total displacement = 20  25 = 5 m
6 B

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 3

 Oxford University Press 2015
2 Force and Motion Chapter 1 Motion (I)

12 (a) direction of acceleration Magnitude of total displacement =

(80  40) 2  60 2 = 72.1 km
direction of final velocity Magnitude of average velocity
(Two arrows in opposite directions) 72.1
= = 12.0 km h1
2  3 1
(b) Take the initial moving direction of the
skater as positive. 7 A
3u 8 B
= 1.2 0  20
2 = 2
t
u = 5.4 m s1
The initial velocity is 5.4 m s1. t = 10 s

13 (a) Initially, the car moves at a velocity u  It takes 10 s for the car to stop.

towards the left and accelerates towards  (1) and (3) are incorrect.

the left. It will speed up. 9 C

(b) Initially, the car moves at a velocity u 10 B

10
towards the right and accelerates Total displacement = 72  = 12 km
60
towards the left. It will slow down, rest
It may have changed its travelling direction
momentarily and then speed up towards
during the journey, so the total distance
the left.
travelled may be greater than 12 km. In this
case, the car would accelerate and decelerate.
Revision exercise 1
 (1) and (2) are not necessarily correct.
Concept traps (p.32)
11 C
1 F
12 A
The moving direction of the car keeps
O
changing when it moves along a circular path. total displacement

2 F
Y
The sign assigned to a direction is arbitrary. 4 km

3 T 2 km

3 km 3 km
Multiple-choice questions (p.32)
Magnitude of total displacement
4 C
2  840 = ( 4  2) 2  (3  3) 2 = 40 km
Average speed = = 2.15 m s1
13  60 Magnitude of average velocity
5 D 40  103
= = 0.439 m s1
6 C 4  60  60
80  60  40 33
Average speed = = 30 km h1 tan  =
2  3 1 42
 = 71.6

4 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

 Oxford University Press 2015
2 Force and Motion Chapter 1 Motion (I)

The average velocity is 0.439 m s1 S71.6E. 15 C

13 A Time taken for Buddha to catch Monkey King
If the conveyor belt moves at the same speed 80
= =4s
as the toy car, the toy car can never moves 10  10
from Y to X, i.e. the time for trip is infinitely Since the Monkey King’s speed is constant.
long. Total distance travelled = 30  4 = 120 m
 t1 > t2 16 (HKCEE 2001 Paper 2 Q2)
Let V be the speed of the toy car, v be the 17 (HKCEE 2009 Paper 2 Q2)
speed of the conveyor belt and d be the 18 (HKDSE Practice Paper 2012 Paper 1A Q6)
distance between X and Y.
We can prove that t1 > t2 for V > v. Conventional questions (p.34)
2d 0.3
t2 = 19 (a) Percentage error =  100% =
V 1.1
d d 27.3%
t1 = 
V v V v (b) She can measure the total time t for the
d [(V  v)  (V  v)] pendulum to swing for n cycles. 1A
=
(V  v)(V  v) t
The time for one cycle is . 1A
2dV n
= 2
V  v2 The percentage error is much smaller by
2d using this method because t is much
= v2 larger while the overall error remains the
V
V same. 1A
2d
> 20 (a) Take the direction to the left as positive.
V
Displacement = 5.6  2 = 11.2 m 1M
= t2 11 .2
Velocity = = 7.47 m s1 1A
14 C 1.5
Let t be the total time taken. (b) (i) Towards right 1A
300  200 500 v  7.47
Average speed V = = (ii) = 2
t t 3
Average velocity v = 300 2  200 2 = 1M
t v = 1.47 m s1 1A
100 13 1
Its velocity is 1.47 m s to the left.
t
7.4  103
500 21 (a) Time taken = 1M
74
V t
= = 1.39 3. 6
v 100 13
= 360 s (= 6 min) 1A
t
(b) Magnitude of displacement  6.3 km
Only option C fulfils this.
1M

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 5

 Oxford University Press 2015
2 Force and Motion Chapter 1 Motion (I)

Magnitude of average velocity = 4r = 61.1 m 1A

6.3  103 (c) Magnitude of average velocity
= 1M
6  60 61.1
= 1M
= 17.5 m s1 (= 63 km h1) 1A 120
22 Take downwards as positive. = 0.509 m s1 1A
(a) 120 m 1A 25 (a) Maximum velocity = 6  4 1M
120 = 24 m s1
(b) Average velocity = 1M
5 = 24  3.6 km h1
= 24 m s1 1A = 86.4 km h1 1A
(c) Distance travelled = 120 m 1M v  24
(b) = 4 1M
120 2
Average speed =
5 v = 16 m s1
= 24 m s1 1A = 57.6 km h1 1A
23 (a) Average speed = The final velocity is 57.6 km h . 1

1500  40  10  10  10
3 3
(c) Average acceleration
1M
2  60  60  3  60  8 16  0
= 1M
= 6.97 m s1 1A 42
(b) Average speed for swimming = 2.67 m s2 1A
1500 26 (a) Magnitude of displacement
= = 1.16 m s1
21  60  28 =25
Average speed for cycling = 10 m 1A
40  103
= = 10.8 m Distance travelled
1  60  60  1 60  53
=5
s 1
= 15.7 m 1A
Average speed for running
(b) Jane’s statement is incorrect. 1A
10  103
= = 4.19 m s1 They have the same displacement since
39  60  47
they both start at X and meet at Y. 1A
1M
30
 His average speed is the highest in 27 (a) Average speed = 8 1M
cycling. 1A 60
(c) Yes, 1A = 225 km h1 1A
this is because the error due to reaction (b) The average speed is lower than the
time is very small when compared to the maximum speed 1A
result. 1A because the train has to speed up from
24 (a) Length of journey = 0.8  120 = 96 m start and slows down to a stop during the
1A trip. 1A
(b) 2r = 96 1M (c) (i) Total time
Magnitude of displacement = 5 min 45 s  1 min 58 s

6 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

 Oxford University Press 2015
2 Force and Motion Chapter 1 Motion (I)

= 1 min 47 s  = 60   = 60  22.6 = 37.4

= 227 s The total displacement is 130 km
Magnitude of average acceleration N37.4E. 1A
431 170
0 (c) Total time take = h 1M
= 3.6 1M 60
227 Magnitude of average velocity
= 0.527 m s –2
1A 130
(ii) Total time = 170
= 6 min 30 s  5 min 45 s 60
= 45 s = 45.9 km h1 (= 12.7 m s1) 1A
1
Take the moving direction of the The average velocity is 45.9 km h
train as positive. N37.4E. 1A
431 29 (a) Total displacement
v
3.6 = 0.4 = vt + 2v  2t = 5vt 1M
45 5vt
Average velocity = = 1.8 1M
1M t  2t
v = 101.7 m s1  v = 1.08 m s1 1A
 102 m s1 1A (b) Consider the total time taken.
5  1.08t
= 366 km h1 t + 2t + = 12  60
1.4
The speed is 366 km h1.
t = 105 s 1M
28 (a) Total distance travelled
Distance between X and Y
= 120 + 50
= 5vt
= 170 km 1A
N Z
= 5  1.08  105
(b)
= 567 m 1A
50 km
30 (a) Let they meet at time T.
30
1.2T + 0.8T = 20 1M
T = 10 s 1A
Y
They meet at t = 10 s.
 
120 km (b) (i) Distance of meeting point from X
60 = 1.2  10 = 12 m 1M
X Total time taken to return to X
12
Magnitude of total displacement = 10 + = 34 s 1A
0.5
= 120 2  50 2 = 130 km 1A
(ii) Take the direction to the left as
50
tan  = positive.
120
Average velocity of Ryan is 0.
 = 22.6
1A

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 7

 Oxford University Press 2015
2 Force and Motion Chapter 1 Motion (I)

Average velocity of Vivian d

The instantaneous speed is . 1A
20 t
= = 0.588 m s1 1A
34
(iii) Average speed of Ryan Physics in article (p.37)
12  0.5  2 32 (a) (i)
= = 1.08 m s1 1A s v a
12
Average speed of Vivian
20  12  0.5  2 (1 correct direction) 1A
=
12 (All correct) 1A
= 0.75 m s1 1A (ii) s v a

Experiment questions (p.37)

(1 correct direction) 1A
31 (a) Measure the distance D between X and Y
(All correct) 1A
using the tape measure. 1A
(b) Equilibrium position 1A
Release the car from rest at X and
0  1.2
measure the time taken T for it to reach (c) Average acceleration = 1M
0.5
Y using the stop watch. 1A
= 2.4 m s2 1A
D
The average speed is . 1A The average acceleration is 2.4 m s 2
T
upwards.
(b) Fix a piece of card on the car. The width
d of the card should be only a few
centimetres. 1A
Place the light-gate at the position as
shown.
The card must block the light beam of
the light-gate when the car passes Z. 1A

card
light-gate

(Correct position of light gate) 1A

Start data-logging and release the car.
Record the time t that the light beam is
block. 1A

8 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

 Oxford University Press 2015