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Ethology and Classical Ethology Notes (Animal Behavior)

Ethology is the scientific study of animal behavior in natural conditions, viewing behaviors as evolutionary adaptations. Charles Darwin was the first modern ethologist, writing about animal emotions in 1872. Early ethologists like Charles Whitman and Oskar Heinroth constructed ethograms to describe behaviors and focused on instinctive behaviors, moving away from anthropomorphism and anecdotal accounts of animal cognition.

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831 views1 page

Ethology and Classical Ethology Notes (Animal Behavior)

Ethology is the scientific study of animal behavior in natural conditions, viewing behaviors as evolutionary adaptations. Charles Darwin was the first modern ethologist, writing about animal emotions in 1872. Early ethologists like Charles Whitman and Oskar Heinroth constructed ethograms to describe behaviors and focused on instinctive behaviors, moving away from anthropomorphism and anecdotal accounts of animal cognition.

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Ehtesham John
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Ethology

Anthropomorphism: Ethology is the scientific and objective study of animal behavior which
Anthropomorphism is defined as focuses on behavior in natural conditions and viewing the behavior as
the attribution of human evolutionary adaptive trait.
characteristics or behavior to any
other animals (Domestic or Wild) Historical Background of ethology
in the environment.
a) Beginning of Ethology
Anecdotal cognitivism: i. Charles Darwin
 The first modern ethologist was Charles
A psychological methodology Darwin.
that attributes mental states  He wrote his book “The Expression of
to animals on the basis Emotions of Human and Animals.” in
of anecdotes and on the 1872.
observation of particular cases, ii. George Romanes
other than those observations  He investigated animal learning and
made during controlled intelligence using an anthropomorphic
experiments. method and anecdotal cognitivism.
iii. Early Ethologists
Ethogram:
 Charles O. Whitman, Oskar Heinroth,
A description of the main types Wallace Craig and Julian Huxley.
of behavior with their frequency  They concentrated/worked on
occurs. instinctive and natural behavior.
 Their beginning for studying the
behavior was to construct Ethogram.

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