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Section 5.3 Representative Groups: Reading Strategy

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6K views

Section 5.3 Representative Groups: Reading Strategy

Uploaded by

Riley Miller
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name ___________________________ Class ___________________ Date _____________

Chapter 5 The Periodic Table

Section 5.3 Representative Groups


(pages 139–145)
This section discusses how the number of valence electrons affects
the properties of elements. It also describes properties of elements
in Groups 1A through 8A.

Reading Strategy (page 139)


Monitoring Your Understanding As you read, record an important
fact about each element listed in the table. For more information on
this reading strategy, see the Reading and Study Skills in the Skills
and Reference Handbook at the end of your textbook.

Element Important Fact


Magnesium Possible answers: Magnesium plays a key role in the process that uses sunlight
to produce sugar in plants. Mixtures of magnesium and other metals are used
in transportation because they can be as strong as steel, but much lighter.

Aluminum Aluminum is the most abundant metal in Earth’s crust. It is strong, lightweight,
malleable, and a good conductor of electric current. Much less energy is
needed to purify recycled aluminum than to extract aluminum from bauxite.
Chlorine Chlorine is a highly reactive, nonmetal gas. Chlorine is used to kill bacteria
in drinking water and swimming pools.

Valence Electrons (page 139)


1. An electron that is in the highest occupied energy level of an atom is
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

a(n) valence electron.


2. Elements within a group have the same number of
valence electrons.
The Alkali Metals (page 140)
3. The reactivity of alkali metals increases from the top of
Group 1A to the bottom.
4. Sodium is stored under oil because it reacts with water vapor in air .
The Alkaline Earth Metals (page 141)
5. Differences in reactivity among alkaline earth metals are shown by
the way they react with water .
Find and match two properties to each element listed.
Alkaline Earth Metal Property
b, c 6. magnesium a. Helps build strong teeth and bones
a, d 7. calcium b. Helps plants produce sugar
c. Is used to make lightweight bicycle frames
d. Is the main ingredient in limestone

Physical Science Reading and Study Workbook ■ Chapter 5 51


Name ___________________________ Class ___________________ Date _____________

Chapter 5 The Periodic Table

The Boron Family (page 142)


8. List the four metals in Group 3A.
a. Aluminum b. Gallium

c. Indium d. Thallium

9. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about aluminum.


a. It is the most abundant metal in Earth’s crust.
b. It is often found combined with oxygen in bauxite.
c. It is more reactive than sodium and magnesium.
d. It is a good conductor of electric current.
The Carbon Family (page 142)
10. List the two metalloids in Group 4A.
a. Silicon b. Germanium

11. Except for water, most of the compounds in your body contain
carbon .
The Nitrogen Family (page 143)
12. List the nonmetals in Group 5A.
a. Nitrogen b. Phosphorus

13. Name two elements in the nitrogen family that are contained
in fertilizer.
a. Nitrogen b. Phosphorus

The Oxygen Family (page 143)

© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.
14. List the nonmetals in Group 6A.
a. Oxygen b. Sulfur c. Selenium

15. Name the most abundant element in Earth’s crust.


Oxygen

The Halogens (page 144)


16. List the four nonmetals in Group 7A.
a. Fluorine b. Chlorine

c. Bromine d. Iodine

17. Halogens have similar chemical properties but


different physical properties.
The Noble Gases (page 145)
18. Name three characteristics of noble gases.
a. Colorless b. Odorless c. Extremely unreactive
19. How can an element that does not react easily with other elements
be useful? It can be used to prevent reactions with such highly reactive elements as oxygen.

52 Physical Science Reading and Study Workbook ■ Chapter 5

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