The “Bauspar“ System

in Germany

European Office
German Bausparkassen
Rue Jacques de Lalaing 28
1040 Brussels
The “Bauspar“ System in Germany

Contents

Preface ...................................................................................................................... 2

The bauspar market in Germany .............................................................................. 3

The development of the bauspar system in Europe ................................................. 4

A chronicle of the bauspar system............................................................................ 5

The fundamental concept of the bauspar system..................................................... 6

The allocation system ............................................................................................... 7

How a bauspar contract works.................................................................................. 8

The legal framework of the bauspar business ........................................................10

The advantages of the bauspar system..................................................................12

The use of bauspar contracts for housing finance purposes ..................................14

The ideal mix to finance housing ............................................................................15

The importance of the bauspar system for housing construction ...........................16

The market financed business of the bausparkassen ............................................17

Key market data ......................................................................................................18

Legal foundations

Bausparkassen Act ....................................................................................19

Regulation to Protect the Creditors of Bausparkassen
(Bausparkassen Regulation)......................................................................32

Information as of December 2010

Preface

The acquisition of housing property is a major key for development and prosperity.
Housing property provides the prerequisites for a responsible way of life. It encour-
ages personal initiative. In turn, people who live in their own house or apartment
develop a special relationship to their home, neighbourhood and city. Owning
housing helps its owners to put down roots - it is regarded as a social obligation.

The concept of bausparen achieves a very specific contribution in this context. Its
underlying principle of “help for self-help” has not lost its validity over the times.
Bauspar savers are part of a bauspar community which imposes very special rights
and obligations both on the individual bauspar customers and on the bausparkas-
sen as their custodians. The system has verified to be crisis-proof. It is safe be-
cause it relies on solid housing finance techniques with intrinsic risk buffers in the
form of the savers’ own assets. Warranting long-term fixed and low interest rates
for credits, it protects people against financial overstrain.

The acquisition of housing property should also be possible for average-wage

earners. It is a perfect old-age provision which – different from other forms of old-
age provision – can be enjoyed at young age already. For many decades, the
bausparkassen have successfully pleaded for this social mission, which is of es-
sential importance for the creation and protection of jobs.

2
The bauspar market in Germany

There are currently 23 bausparkassen in Germany. The 10 public bausparkassen

operate within regionally defined markets while each of the 13 private bausparkas-
sen conducts business nationwide. The public law bausparkassen are either divi-
sions of public banks or institutions incorporated under public law with their own
legal personality, or public limited companies. The private bausparkassen operate
exclusively as public limited companies. Private banks and insurance companies
have also recognized the importance of the bauspar system for the financial ser-
vices sector and have therefore either acquired shares in existing bausparkassen
or have founded their own bausparkassen. The private bausparkassen cover about
two thirds of the market and the public bausparkassen one-third.

The organisation of the bauspar market

23 bausparkassen

13 private 10 public
bausparkassen bausparkassen

operate all over operate in regionally

Germany defined markets
legally institutions
independent incorporated under
institutions public law or in
public ownership

3
The development of the bauspar system in Europe

The European history of the bauspar concept begins in Birmingham with the estab-
lishment of Kettley’s Building Society in 1775. By means of monthly savings contri-
butions, the members of this building society collected a pool of capital from which
customers were then able to take out loans to build their homes.

In Germany, the first step in this direction was taken through the initiative of pastor
Friedrich von Bodelschwingh in Bielefeld, who founded a German type of Building
Society, the "Bausparkasse für Jedermann” ("Bausparkasse for Everyone”) in
1885. However, the first actual boom for German bausparkassen only began in
1921, when author Georg Kropp established the "Gemeinschaft der Freunde
(GdF)” (Society of Friends), as an organisation to promote home ownership in
Wüstenrot near Heilbronn.

Against a background of an acute housing shortage combined with difficulties within

the credit market, numerous bausparkassen were founded in the period up to 1931,
many of them continuing to be mainstays of the bauspar system to this very day.

After World War II, bausparkassen very quickly experienced an upswing, acting as
a driving force in the necessary rebuilding of the home ownership sector. Whilst
there was a noticeable relaxation in the housing market at the beginning of the
eighties as a result of cyclical developments and income trends, by the mid eight-
ies residential construction and with it the bauspar system started recording growth
figures once again. The system was successfully introduced into the new federal
states in East Germany in 1990.

The increased demand for housing which arose in the nineties as a result of chang-
ing socio-demographic trends and political developments will continue into the first
years of the new millennium, mainly because an increasing number of singles and
young people are setting up their own homes. This is where the bauspar system
can help to form home ownership. The move to owner-occupied homes also initi-
ates a removal chain, releasing rented housing for new tenants. It is in this sector
that the bauspar system continues to have excellent growth opportunities.

The European Federation of Building Societies (EFBS), one of the oldest European
associations in the credit sector, was founded in 1962. This organisation, which set
itself the goal of promoting and supporting the financing of private home ownership,
currently has over members from the EU member states, the Mediterranean countries,
the signatory states to the European Economic Area and the EU candidate countries.

4
A chronicle of the bauspar system

1775 Foundation of “Kettley’s Building Society” in

Birmingham, Great Britain
1885 Foundation of the “Bausparkasse für Jedermann” by Pastor
von Bodelschwingh in Bielefeld, Germany
1921-1931 Founding phase of the majority of German bausparkassen
from 1948 Resumption of the bauspar business in the Federal Republic
of Germany
1990 Introduction of the bauspar system in the new federal states in
East Germany

Founding years of the first bausparkassen in other European countries

1925 Austria
1928 France
1928 Czechoslovakia
1930 Switzerland
1927-1930 Poland: foundation of some 20 bausparkassen
1931 Bulgaria
before 1939 Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Belgium, Netherlands
1992 Slovakia: (re-) introduction of the bauspar system
1993 Czech Republic: (re-) introduction of the bauspar system
1997 Hungary
1998 Croatia
2004 Romania

Overseas, Africa, Middle East: Founding years of the first building societies /
savings and loan institutions
1831 USA
1840 New Zealand
1840 Australia
1858 South Africa
1904 Brazil
1922 Palestine
2001 India
2003 Kazakhstan
2004 China

Lobbies / Associations
1914 Foundation of the world organisation International Union for
Housing Finance (IUHF)
1947 Foundation of the central office of the public bausparkassen of
Germany
1948 Foundation of the Association of Private German
Bausparkassen (VdPB)
1962 Formation of the European Federation of Building Societies
(EFBS)

5
The fundamental concept of the bauspar system

The bauspar system is an important factor in the supply of housing, capital forma-
tion and personal retirement provision.

The fundamental concept of the system is a combination of social-ethic ideas and

modern housing finance. It can best be illustrated by an example showing the ad-
vantages of this mutually supportive group:

Ten potential home buyers without own capital want to save money with the objec-
tive of acquiring their own homes. If each of them is able to save one-tenth of the
amount needed every year, then each would have the necessary capital after ten
years. If these ten potential home buyers were to pool their resources, the first one
could own a home after only one year by drawing on the savings of the other nine.

In the second year, the next one could purchase a home by drawing on the savings
of nine plus the redemption payments made by the first participant who had been
able to purchase his home in the first year.

Using this method, all those who have pooled their resources reach their objective
over the ten year period and 4.5 years earlier on average than if each had saved
the necessary money alone.

An illustration of the bauspar concept

Example: ƒ 10 potential home buyers
ƒ Annual rate of savings: 100 MU* per potential buyer
ƒ Purchase price: 1,000 MU per home

Home buying without a bausparkasse: Each of the potential home

buyers must wait ten years before they can buy a home.

Home buying with a bausparkasse: Each of the potential home

buyers pays 100 MU per annum into the pool.
1st year 2nd year 3rd year … 10th year
Savings
10 x 100 9x 100 8x 100 … 1x 100
=1,000 =900 =800 =100

=0 1x 100 2x 100 9x 100

Redemption =100 =200 =900
*) MU = monetary units

1,000 =1,000 =1,000 … =1,000

Conclusion: The average waiting period is reduced from 10 to 5.5 years.

6
The allocation system

Although greatly refined, the basic concept of the German bauspar system still
applies today. A few changes have obviously become necessary when handling
some 30 million bauspar contracts because in reality the bauspar business is not a
continuous process. The number of contracts concluded fluctuates depending on
the state of the economy and income levels so that the flow of cash into the pool of
funds is uneven. This also applies to the outflow of funds from the pool. One of the
major tasks facing the managers of a bausparkasse is therefore to keep the fluc-
tuations of cash entering or leaving the pool as low as possible over a lengthy pe-
riod of time.

The key elements of the savings pool

Inflow of
deposits

Savings Redemption payments

Allocation funds

Loans

Terminations
Credit balances

Outflow
of funds

Nevertheless, this does not change the basic idea of a ‘closed pool’. The pooled
deposits are called the "allocation fund”. This fund is fuelled by the combined sav-
ings of the potential home buyers during the savings phase as well as by the re-
demption payments.

The allocation fund is used to pay out the contractually agreed sum to customers
when their contracts are allocated. They receive both the credit balance in their
account and a low-interest loan up to the amount of the agreed sum.

The advantages are obvious: The capital saved keeps the burden of financing
down, the fixed interest on the loan offers protection against rising interest rates on

7
the markets. The independence from the development of interest rates on the capi-
tal markets (at the beginning of the nineties interest rates on German capital mar-
kets rose to far above 10%) is another major advantage offered by a bauspar con-
tract. Customers may also terminate their agreements after the savings phase if
they do not need the loans and can use the deposits for their individual require-
ments.

How a bauspar contract works

A bauspar contract is divided into four phases: the contract conclusion phase, the
savings phase, the allocation phase and the loan phase.

In the contract conclusion phase, the bausparkasse and the bauspar customer
agree upon the bauspar sum and the remaining contract conditions, the so-called
tariff, defining the saving and loan interest rates and the modalities of saving and
redemption. Depending on the tariff, the interest rate of the loan is usually between
1.5 % and 4.25 %. The bausparkassen offer tailor-made tariffs for different target-
groups (standard, fast-track or long-term). So-called option or variable tariffs are
also offered in which the customer can choose between several tariff types. This
gives him the chance to react flexibly even after the contract has been concluded if
his savings objective should alter during the savings process. The contract is con-
cluded through sales representatives, in branch offices or through cooperating or
allied companies (e.g. banks, insurance companies, saving banks).

Before customers can draw on their contractually agreed sum, this must be allo-
cated. The allocation is effected when 40 % or 50 % (depending on the tariff) of the
bauspar sum has been saved, a certain minimum savings period has elapsed
and/or the so-called target valuation index has been achieved. The valuation index
stands for the saving performance the bauspar customer has made for the com-
munity of savers. The valuation index expresses the customer’s saving perform-
ance for the benefit of the pool. It is calculated on the basis of the amount of sav-
ings and the length of time it has existed ("time-by-money system”).

The valuation index also determines the order in which allocations are made to
bauspar customers from the allocation fund. The customer with the highest valua-
tion index takes priority over those with a lower valuation index in the allocation of
the contractually agreed sum.

The loan phase begins with the allocation. The total bauspar sum, comprising both
the deposits and a low-interest loan, which has a fixed rate of interest until it is

8
finally redeemed, is disbursed to the customer. The interest on the loan is usually
one percentage point higher than the interest attracted by the deposits, i.e. de-
pending on the contract (tariff) between 1.5 % and 4.25 % p.a. The loan is repaid in
regular instalments which, in the most popular tariffs, amount to 6 ‰ per month or
7.2 % p.a. of the bauspar sum. In contrast to mortgage loans, the customer may
also make early repayments at any time (without being liable to repayment penal-
ties).

Savings phase Allocation Loan phase

Repayment of the credit balance
and disimbursement of loan)

ƒ Agreement of a Minimum requirements: ƒ Low, fixed rate of interest

specific bauspar sum for the entire term of the
ƒ Minimum amount saved
loan (usually 1 % over
ƒ Individual savings in (40% to 50%)
savings interest rate)
the form of regular/or
ƒ Minimum term of the
additional payments ƒ Interest payment and re-
contract
demption of the loan in
ƒ Interest on savings
ƒ Valuation index the form of regular instal-
account
ments at least equivalent
ƒ State support to the contractually
agreed amount
ƒ Early repayments
(without penalties) are
possible in contrast to
mortgage loans

9
The legal framework of the bauspar business

As credit institutions, the German bausparkassen are subject to the full provisions
of the German Credit Sector Act and therefore to government supervision through
the Federal Banking Supervisory Authority. The special structure and techniques of
the bauspar system in Germany require that the German Credit Sector Act is sup-
plemented by special provisions governing Bausparkassen. Such provisions are
contained in the Bausparkassen Act of 16 November 1972, as last amended on 1
August 2008. In addition to the provisions pertaining to supervision, the Act regu-
lates the organisational structure of the bausparkassen and sets forth the regula-
tory framework for their business operations. It also regulates the minimum alloca-
tion requirements and contains provisions on a technical security reserve which is
intended to make the waiting period constant.

The general bauspar terms and conditions, i.e. the conditions for the contractual
relationship with bauspar customers in the saving and loan phase have to be ap-
proved by the Federal Banking Supervisory Authority.

The same applies for the general business terms and conditions, i.e. the business
foundations of the institute and the mathematic foundations of the bauspar tariffs.

The conclusion of bauspar and loan contracts is not subject to approval by the
Federal Banking Supervisory Authority. In any case, these contracts have to be
based on the general bauspar terms and conditions.

Loans that are provided by the bausparkassen on a market-finance basis are not
subject to approval either (cf. page 19).

10
The legal foundations

Statutory requirements

German Credit Sector Act

General rules pertaining to the supervision of the operation of credit institutions

Bausparkassen Act:

Specific rules:

ƒ legal form

ƒ audit and supervision

ƒ permissible business activities

ƒ framework for general business principles and general conditions for

bauspar contracts

ƒ appropriation of bauspar funds for housing financing

ƒ securing of the bauspar loan

Bausparkassen Regulation:

Stipulates ceilings for the investment of available funds and the

granting of specific loans

German Civil Code

Rules concerning the loan contract

11
The advantages of the bauspar system

The advantages of a bauspar loan are expressed in the following five points in
particular:

ƒ stabile interest rate within the savings and loan phase

ƒ no risk of interest-rate changes

ƒ possibility to early repay the loan at any time without early repayment penalty

ƒ fast freedom from debt

ƒ second-rank provision of security.

These advantages are not available to those funding their homes without bauspar
funds. With a traditional mortgage, for example, individuals must pay the interest
rate prevailing on the capital market, the amount of which is determined by the
interest rates which the credit institutions themselves pay for refinancing. This in-
terest rate is subject to constant fluctuations.

Low interest rates between 1.5% and 4.25% can be provided by the bausparkas-
sen because they do not depend on the capital market for their refinancing needs
as they use the appropriated savings deposits of their customers. Moreover, they
guarantee this fixed rate of interest for the lifetime of the loan when the saving con-
tract is signed.

With mortgages, the interest rate is only fixed for the first term of the loan, which is
usually 5, 10 or 15 years. If the interest rate on the capital market has risen by the
end of this period, then the mortgage can become much more expensive for its
remaining term.

Another advantage of the bauspar loan is that borrowers may early repay their
loans at any time without having to pay an early repayment fee to the bauspar-
kasse. This increases the flexibility of the borrower since he can use non-
scheduled inflows of funds for repayment and thus reduce his loan burden as a
whole.

As bauspar customers “create” their own creditworthiness through the saving

phase of the bauspar contract, the bausparkassen are content with “secondary”
securities for the bauspar loan. This way bauspar customers can finance their
homes with a well-balanced mix of financial resources where the bauspar loan can
close the gap between the sum required and the loan granted under first-rank se-
curity.

12
Especially in transition and emerging economies, bausparen offers interesting ad-
vantages and options:

In emerging economies, the saving rates are often very low as the confidence in
the banking sector is not very high or even got lost. The bauspar system is easy to
understand and a safe method of saving and can make a contribution to re-
establish the confidence into the banking industry. Bausparen helps to stabilise the
banking sector in an indirect way and can thus help to achieve more growth.

In contrast to other credit institutions, bausparkassen are prepared to offer also

small-scale loans – depending on the contractually agreed sum. This is an impor-
tant advantage in emerging countries, as their housing stock is often extensive, but
in desperate need of repair for which, smaller loans are required in general.

In many emerging countries the provision of loans for private households is rather
restricted or implies exorbitant interest rates and very short repayment times. This
is mainly due to the fact that credit institutions are not in a position to evaluate the
creditworthiness of potential customers as the majority of people do not have a
bank account or because credit agencies do not exist. This lack of information can
be closed by bausparen, as bauspar customers establish their own credit-
worthiness by their regular saving. Those who are able to save a small portion of
their income regularly will be reliable borrowers. This is reflected by the extremely
low failure rate of bauspar loans.

13
The use of bauspar contracts for housing finance purposes

The German Bausparkassen Act also regulates the purposes for which bauspar
loans may be used ("purpose to finance housing”). The main use of bauspar funds
are the construction and/or purchase of homes and owner-occupied flats, the ac-
quisition of building plots, the modernisation and repair of housing as well as the
redemption of home loans.

The Bausparkassen Regulation which has been adopted on the basis of the Bau-
sparkassen Act contains more precise provisions governing the temporary invest-
ment of the bauspar funds which have already been allocated for disbursement but
have not yet been drawn on by the customers, large-scale bauspar contracts (with
contract sums over 300,000 Euros) as well as the granting of certain types of
loans, e.g. unsecured loans (up to 30,000 Euros) or loans with simplified security
conditions (i.e. so-called "good-faith collateral” where borrowers pledge not to en-
cumber their property with any mortgages that would take priority over the loan
made by the bausparkasse).

Housing finance purposes include the following:

ƒ Construction / purchase of
- houses
- owner-occupied flats

ƒ purchase of a plot

ƒ Modernisation / repair of
- houses
- owner-occupied flats

ƒ Tenant-funded modernization of housing

ƒ Redemption of home loans

ƒ Construction cost grants, rent advances

ƒ Inheritance disputes

ƒ Acquisition of homes in other EU member states

ƒ Construction / purchase of combined commercial and residential properties

ƒ Acquisition of dwelling rights in retirement homes

ƒ Measures to develop residential areas

14
The ideal mix to finance housing

The most widely-used home finance mix in Germany is a combination of a bauspar

loan and a mortgage credit. It is of special importance to note that bausparkassen
are the only institutional providers who accept junior loans. As a rule, they leave
the senior loans to the mortgage lenders (up to a loan value of 60%), providing
them with the greatest possible security for the loans, contending themselves with
a subordinated security, although they are prepared to finance up to 80% of the
home loan. Nevertheless, they run very little risk in doing so because their custom-
ers have already shown that they are able to restrict their consumption during the
savings phase. The extremely low failure rates underscore this fact (regularly less
than 0.1% of the total loan portfolio of all German bausparkassen).

As a rule it is advisable for a home loan to be structured as follows (see also the
chart below): The home buyer obtains a mortgage credit to finance 50% of the
purchase price secured by an entry in the Land Register as the so-called first mort-
gage. At least 20% should comprise the home buyer’s own capital including bau-
spar credit balance, and the remaining 30% may be covered by the bauspar loan.
In practice, the home buyer’s own capital ratio is frequently higher; 40% is not un-
common. This shows that home ownership is solidly financed in Germany in most
cases.

General rule for the home finance mix

Credit
50 % savings bank/
bank loans

30 % bauspar loan Bauspar funds

= contracturally agreed bauspar sum
ƒ bauspar loan (approx. 60 %)
20 % savings in the bauspar ƒ bauspar savings (approx. 40 %)
pool = own funds

= 100% of the purchase price

possibly other own funds, e.g.

other savings; securities; own contributions in kind
Possibly other external funds, e.g.
Loan granted by employer; loan granted by relatives; state-support loans

15
The importance of the bauspar system for housing
construction

Providing the residents of a country with housing that is adequate both in terms of
size and quality is an ambitious and difficult task. The Bausparkassen are of great
importance in accomplishing this task in Germany, making a substantial contribu-
tion to the funding of the construction, purchase and/or modernisation of homes.
Particularly during the first few decades following World War II, the bauspar system
contributed to the reconstruction needed in the housing sector and has today de-
veloped into a significant economic factor. In the period from 1948 German bau-
sparkassen have allocated bauspar funds totalling over one trillion Euros. These
funds have helped to finance over 13 million homes in single-family and apartment
houses, including 9 million newly-built homes.

The economic effects of the bauspar system

ƒ The bauspar system helps people to buy their own homes.

ƒ In the period from 1948 till today bauspar funds totalling over one trillion Euros
were allocated.

ƒ The significance of the bauspar system in the funding of modernisation meas-

ures is rising, particularly in the context of the climate protection efforts.

ƒ The bauspar system stimulates private initiative, thus relieving the state in the
provision of housing.

ƒ The bauspar system leads to a continuous creation of home ownership which

in its turn stabilises the level of construction activity.

ƒ The bauspar system secures jobs and restrains excessive price jumps in the
housing market.

ƒ Home ownership formed by the bauspar system is one pillar of financial retire-
ment provisions and provides relief to the welfare state.

ƒ The bauspar system makes a contribution to stabilising the financial system

and helps to increase economic growths and the government revenue.

16
The market financed business of the bausparkassen

Bauspar customers wishing to have financing at their disposal prior to the alloca-
tion of their bauspar contracts may be granted loans by the bausparkassen from
funds which do not originate from the pool of deposits. These loans are refinanced
on the capital market. A distinction is made here between "intermediate loans” and
"anticipatory loans”.

Intermediate loans may be used by bauspar customers who have already saved
the minimum amount in order to bridge the waiting period until their contracts are
allocated for loan disbursement.

Intermediate loans are granted up to the amount of the contractually agreed sum at
capital market conditions. During the term of the intermediate loan, the customer
pays only the interest on the loan and makes no repayments. Once the bauspar
contract is allocated the intermediate loan is discharged at once using the bauspar
sum paid out, leaving the low-interest bauspar loan as residual debt.

With an anticipatory loan, the minimum required savings have not yet been accu-
mulated. The customer is therefore required to pay not only the interest on this
loan, but also the savings instalments on his bauspar contract.

Bridging the savings period

The bausparkassen offer two types of loans to bridge the savings period until the
bauspar contract is allocated for disbursement:

ƒ Intermediate loans:
Precondition: attainment of the minimum agreed savings amount –
usually 40 %

ƒ Anticipatory loans:
Requirement: monthly regular savings instalment
(4 ‰ to 7 ‰)

Both types of loan must be refinanced on the capital market.

The loan terms depend on the capital market situation. Depending on individual
requirements, loans may be granted at a fixed interest rate for short, medium
and/or long-term requirements.

17
Key market data

The market penetration of the bauspar sector is very high:

ƒ Every second German household has at least one bauspar contract.

ƒ Some 26 million persons in Germany have a bauspar contract.

ƒ About 30 million bauspar contracts are currently in force totalling a bauspar sum
of about 763 billion Euro. This sum is about 32 % of the gross domestic product.

***

European Office
German Bausparkassen
Rue Jacques de Lalaing 28
1040 Brussels
Phone +32 2 231 03 71
Fax: +32 2 230 82 45

18
Legal foundations

Bausparkassen Act

of November 1972 as revised and published on 15 February 1991 (BGBl.* I, p. 454

et seq.) together with the amendments due to the law revising the Credit Act and
other provisions pertaining to credit institutions of 21 December 1992 (BGBl. I, p.
2211 et seq. [p. 2226 et seq.]), and the law implementing the Treaty of 2 May 1992
on the European Economic Area of 27 April 1993 (BGBl. I p. 512 et seq. [546]),
Article 14 of the law which came into force on 1 January 1996 on the new regula-
tion of home ownership assistance under aspects of fiscal law of 15 December
1995 (BGB. I, p. 1783 et seq. [1791 et seq.], Article 3 of the law which came into
force on 1 April 1998 on the admission of shares quoted per unit of 25 March 1998
(BGBl. I, p. 590 et seq. [594]), Article 21 of the law which came into force on 1 April
1998 on the further development of Germany as a financial centre (Third Financial
Market Promotion Act) of 24 March 1998 (BGBl. I, p. 529 et seq. [574], Article 89 in
connection with Article 110 of the introductory law which came into force on 1
January 1999 on the Insolvency Act of 5 October 1994 (BGBl. I, p. 2911 et seq.
[2946, 2952 et seq.]), Article 3 § 11 of the law which came into force on 26 March
1998 on the admission of shares dated of 25. March 1998 (BGBl. I S. 590), Article
11 of the law which came into force on 1 May 2002 on the integrated financial ser-
vice supervision of 22. April 2002 (BGBl. I p. 1310), Article 13 of the law which
came into force on 1 July 2002 on the Fourth Financial Market Promotion Act of 21.
June 2002 (BGBl. I S. 2010), Article 5 of the law which came into force on 24 July
2002 on the changes of the petroleum tax act and other laws of 23 July 2002
(BGBl. I p. 2778), Article 33 of the law which came into force on 22 February 2003
on the Third Act concerning the revision of the administration procedure of 21 Au-
gust 2002 (BGBl. I p. 3322), Article 7 of the law which came into force on 6 April
2004 on the implementation of Directive 2002/47/EC dated 6 June 2002 on finan-
cial collateral arrangements and revision of the mortgage bank act and other laws
of 5 April 2004 (BGBl. I p. 502), Article 13a Nr. 3 of the law which came into force
on 1 November 2008 on the implementation of the Markets in financial instruments
(MiFID) and investment services Directive of 16 July 2007 (BGBl. I p. 1330) as well
as Article 3 of the law which came into force on 30 July 2008 on the improved in-
clusion of owner occupied housing in the supplementary pension allowance of 29
July 2008.
* BGBl. = Bundesgesetzblatt = Federal Law Gazette

§1 Definition of terms
(1) Bausparkassen are credit institutions, whose business objective is to accept
bauspar deposits (Bauspareinlagen) from bauspar customers (Bausparer) and to
grant bauspar loans (Bauspardarlehen) from these aggregate savings to bauspar
customers for housing finance activities. Only bausparkassen are authorized to
conduct this aforementioned bauspar business (Bauspargeschäft).
(2) A bauspar customer is a person who enters into a bauspar contract (Bau-
sparvertrag) with a bausparkasse which gives the bauspar customer a legal claim
to a bauspar loan after having made bauspar deposits. A bauspar contract can
also be concluded as supplementary pension allowance contract in the sense of
the act on the certification of supplementary pension allowance contracts of 26
June 2001 (BGBl. I p. 1310, 1322), as revised and changed by Article 2 of the act
of 29 July 2008 (BGBl. I p. 1509), according to its relevant version.

19
(3) "Housing finance activities" as defined by this law are:
1. the construction, purchase, maintenance and improvement of buildings
and flats used primarily for residential purposes, especially owner-occupied
homes and flats, as well as the acquisition of the rights to the permanent
use of real estate for housing;
2. the construction, purchase, maintenance and improvement of other build-
ings insofar as such other buildings are used for residential purposes;
3. the acquisition of parcels of land and of land leaseholds for the construc-
tion of buildings insofar as such buildings are used primarily for residential
purposes;
4. the acquisition of parcels of land and of land leaseholds for the construc-
tion of buildings with other functions insofar as such buildings are in appro-
priate relation to buildings with residential purposes;
5. activities for the development and improvement of residential areas;
6. the redemption of liabilities incurred in the course of implementing meas-
ures in Nos. 1 through 5 above;
7. the redemption of liabilities associated with parcels of land used primarily
for housing purposes.
Housing finance activities shall be deemed to comprise the redemption of liabilities
incurred through bauspar deposits; they shall also include commercial projects
provided that such projects are implemented in connection with the construction of
residential units or are located in residential areas and provided that such projects
form part of the supply infrastructure of such areas.
(4) The right of the federal states (Länder) to delegate special responsibilities to
public law bausparkassen in the area of housing construction, or in areas of public
interest remains unchanged.

§2 Legal form
(1) The only legal form under which private bausparkassen may operate is that of a
public limited company (Aktiengesellschaft).
(2) The legal form under which public law bausparkassen (öffentlich-rechtliche
Bausparkassen) may operate shall be determined by the respective federal states.

§3 Supervision
(1) The Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (Bundesanstalt für Finanzdien-
stleistungsaufsicht) shall be authorized to supervise the bausparkassen in accor-
dance with the provisions of this law and with the provisions of the Credit Act.
Within the framework of its supervisory functions, it shall be authorized to give such
instructions as may be necessary to reconcile the business operations of the baus-
parkassen with the General Business Principles and with the Standard Terms and
Conditions for Bauspar Contracts.
(2) Insofar as a bausparkasse is subject to supervision by any other governmental
authority, such supervision shall be exercised in addition to that of the Federal
Financial Supervisory Authority.
(3) In cases of doubt, the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority shall decide
whether an enterprise shall be subject to the provisions of this law. Its conclusions
shall be binding for the administrative authorities.

§4 Permissible business operations

(1) In addition to the bauspar business, bausparkassen shall be restricted to the
following activities:

20
 1. To grant loans to serve as anticipatory or intermediate loans until such
times as the bauspar loan established in the bauspar contract is due;
2. to grant loans for housing finance activities subject to the provisions of
Para. 2, Article 4 below;
3. to administer third-party loans and to act as intermediary for such loans, as
well as to approve third-party loans in the bausparkasse's name or in the
name of another third-party, insofar as such loans are for housing finance
activities;
4. to assume guarantees for third-party loans subject to the provisions of
Para. 2, Article 4 below, which the bausparkasse itself would be allowed to
grant, and which are secured in accordance with Article 7 below;
5. for the purpose of granting bauspar loans as well as loans in accordance
with nos. 1 and 2 above, in order to perform the obligations arising from
contracts under § 1 Para. 2 sentence 2, as well as for the purpose of ob-
taining additional capital required for business operations
a) to accept third-party monies from credit institutions and other institu-
tional investors,
b) to accept third-party monies from other creditors,
c) to issue bonds;
6. to acquire equity holdings in enterprises, hen such investments promote
business operations as defined in Article 1 and where liabilities for the
bausparkasse are limited by the legal form of this enterprise, and subject to
the provision that the amount of the acquired equity holding does not ex-
ceed one-third of the enterprise's capital (nominal capital, sum of capital
shares). Financial interests in excess of this limit shall be permissible inso-
far as the enterprise's business purpose is primarily devoted to such trans-
actions, either by law or by its articles of association, as those which the
bausparkasse itself is allowed to conduct; the sum total of such financial in-
terests may not be in excess of 20% of the bausparkasse's liable equity re-
sources;
7. to grant loans to enterprises in which the bausparkasse has equity hold-
ings,
8. to account for the opportunity to conclude contracts on the acquisition, pur-
chase or usage of land and rooms,
9. to conduct property valuation and production site analysis also independ-
ently from granting own loans.
(2) The sum total of claims arising from loans granted according to No. 2 of Para. 1
above and of the guarantees assumed according to No. 4 of Para. 1 above may
not exceed 75% of the total amount of the bauspar loans and the loans granted
according to No. 1 of Para. 1 above.
(3) The bausparkassen shall be authorized to invest available funds
1. as deposits with appropriate credit institutions and in registered bonds is-
sued by such credit institutions;
2. in non-interest bearing treasury bonds and treasury bills of the Federal
Government, in special funds of the Federal Government and in those of
the federal states (Länder), in comparable instruments of the European
communities and their member states or in another contracting state of the
Treaty on the European Economic Area, as well as in certificates of deposit
of appropriate credit institutions provided that the residual term of such cer-
tificates does not exceed twelve months;

21
 3. in bonds and in book entry securities of the Federal Government and in its
special funds, in those of the federal states (Länder) and in those of the
European communities and their member states or in other contracting
states of the Treaty on the European Economic Area;
4. in bonds whose principal and interest is guaranteed by any of the bodies
listed in No. 3 above,
5. in other bonds which are admitted to trade in an organised market in ac-
cordance with § 2 Para. 5 of the Securities Acquisition and Takeover Act
(Wertpapierhandelsgesetz);
6. in claims arising from loans that are a part of a loan issued by a third-party
which are note-secured, provided that it is possible to assign such claims
at least twice after having been acquired by the bausparkasse and that the
loans were extended
a) to one of the bodies mentioned in No. 3 above, or to any other domestic
regional authority or any regional governmental or local authority of any
member state of one of the European communities or any of the con-
tracting states of the Treaty on the European Economic Area, which re-
ceived a credit institution's solvency coefficient of zero according to Arti-
cle 7 of the Directive of the Council from 18 December 1989;
b) to other appropriate authorities of public law corporations, either domes-
tic or domiciled in any of the member states of one of the European
communities or in any of the contracting states of the Treaty on the
European Economic Area;
c) to enterprises that have issued securities, which are admitted to trade in
an organised market in accordance with § 2 Para. 5 of the Securities
Acquisition and Takeover Act (Wertpapierhandlesgesetz);
d) for investments whose principal and interest are guaranteed by one of
the bodies mentioned in No. 3 above. The sum total of such claims of
the bausparkasse may not exceed its liable equity resources;
7. in shares of a managed investment fund (US: mutual fund; GB: unit trust)
issued by an institutional investor or a foreign investment corporation that
are subject to special governmental supervision in the interest of the
shareholders, if the terms of the contract or articles of association of the in-
stitutional investor or investment corporation require that such investments
be exclusively of the type of debt instruments mentioned in Nos. 1 through
6 above and of deposits with credit institutions.
(4) Bausparkassen may only acquire parcels of land, land leaseholds, home own-
ership and co-ownership rights, home ownership rights and co-ownership rights
based on land leaseholds, where this is necessary to prevent the loss of claims
and to obtain business premises as well as housing facilities for their employees.
(5) The bausparkasse may not designate a specific point in time at which the
bauspar sum will be paid to the bauspar customer.

§5 General business principles standard terms and conditions for

bauspar contracts
(1) Bausparkassen must conduct their operations on the basis of the General
Business Principles and on the Standard Terms and Conditions for Bauspar Con-
tracts.
(2) The General Business Principles must include provisions regulating
1. the calculations relevant to the implementation of bauspar contracts includ-
ing individual valuation indices (No. 1 of Para. 1 of Article 8) and highlight-
ing the longest, median and shortest waiting periods;

22
 2. the composition of the allocation fund, the allocation date, and the precon-
ditions for allocation as well as the order of allocation (Zuteilungsver-
fahren);
a) the calculation of funds temporarily ineligible for allocation as defined by
Sentence 2 of Para. 1 of Article 6 and of the additional net earnings ob-
tained from investing such funds as well as the use of the resulting off-
line item called the "technical security reserve”;
3. the calculation of property value for lending purposes;
4. the financing of activities designed to develop and improve residential ar-
eas;
5. the financing of buildings used exclusively or primarily for commercial pur-
poses insofar as this is permissible according to Article 1;
6. the procedure governing the repayment of deposits made in respect to
cancelled bauspar contracts;
7. a simplified procedure for the settlement of bauspar contracts, which pro-
tects the interests of the bauspar customer in the case where a bauspar-
kasse ceases operations or the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority re-
vokes the bausparkasse's licence.
(3) The Standard Terms and Conditions for Bauspar contracts must include provi-
sions regulating
1. the amount and due dates of the deposits to be made by the bauspar cus-
tomer and by the bausparkasse as well as the legal consequences arising
from default;
2. the interest payable on bauspar deposits and on bauspar loans;
3. the amount of costs and fees chargeable to the bauspar customer;
4. the conditions for allocation and the rules governing the order of allocation
as well as the terms governing the payment of the bauspar sum;
5. the security for the claims arising from the bauspar loan;
6. the conditions under which a bauspar contract may be split or combined
with another bauspar contract or under which the bauspar sum may be in-
creased or reduced;
7. the conditions under which claims arising from a bauspar contract may be
transferred or under which notice of termination of a bauspar contract may
be served as well as the legal consequences arising from the termination
or a simplified settlement of a bauspar contract;
8. the court of jurisdiction or an arbitration court;
9. life insurance policies to be taken out, the amounts to be insured and the
insurance premiums to be paid by the bauspar customer as well as the
possibility of accepting already existing life insurance policies as security
for the bauspar sum when a bauspar customer is required to take out such
life insurance policies.

§6 Tying of bauspar funds

(1) Allocation funds, especially bauspar deposits and redemption payments on
bauspar loans may only be used, subject to the provisions of Para. 3 of Article 4,
for the bauspar business and for the repayment of third-party monies added to the
allocation fund, as well as according to the provisions of the legal regulations to be
adopted under Article 10 for the granting of loans as defined by No. 1 of Para 1 of
Article 4; the allocation funds are to be employed in a manner that keeps the wait-
ing periods equal in length and as short as possible. Earnings from the investment
of allocation funds, which are momentarily unavailable for disbursement because

23
the prerequisites of the bauspar contract have not been fulfilled, must be included
in the technical security reserve which is designed to protect the affairs of the
bauspar customer up to the difference between the net interest earned from interim
investments of the allocation funds and the net interest that would have been
earned had the funds been allocated as bauspar loan. The bausparkasse may
liquidate the technical security reserve at the end of any one business year pro-
vided it exceeds three percent of the bauspar deposits on the date of liquidation.
(2) Claims arising from bauspar loans, the property liens registered as security for
such loans, as well as from any other type of security, may only be sold or pledged
to serve as collateral for conducting the bauspar business and for making the types
of transactions mentioned in No. 1 of Para. 1 of Article 4. The same shall apply to
claims arising from loans within the meaning of the provisions of No. 1 of Para. 1 of
Article 4 and to the property liens registered as security for such loans, or other
types of collateral registered as security for such loans.

§ 6a Avoidance of exchange-rate risks

The bausparkasse, in exercising the due diligence of a businessman, must take
the necessary precautions to avoid exchange-rate risks in the course of its busi-
ness. It must form separate allocation funds especially for bauspar contracts trans-
acted either in foreign currency or in units of account and must ensure a currency-
congruent use of the allocation funds and available monies. In individual cases, the
Federal Financial Supervisory Authority may grant release from the obligation to
form such separate allocationfunds provided that the interests of the bauspar cus-
tomer are not adversely affected to any substantial degree by this action.

§7 Securing claims arising from loans

(1) Claims arising from bauspar loans and from loans according to No. 2 of Para. 1
of Article 4 as well as from claims arising from loans according to No. 1 of Para. 1
of Article 4, unless secured by rights assigned under a bauspar contract, shall be
secured by mortgage or by a land charge (Grundschuld) of a domestic property.
The Grundschuld is equivalent to claims held by a bausparkasse against a credit
institution for the assignment, either wholly or in part, of a Grundschuld adminis-
tered by a credit institution as trustee of the respective bausparkasse claim. In the
absence of additional adequate security, loans may not exceed the first four-fifths
of the collateral value of the property.
(2) It shall also be permissible to secure claims as defined by the first Sentence of
Para. 1 above by encumbering real estate located in any of the member
state/states of the European communities or in any contracting state of the Treaty
on the European Economic Area or in Switzerland, provided that the financial insti-
tutions of those states ordinarily accept such encumbrances on land as security for
claims arising from housing loans.
(2a) It shall also be possible to secure claims as defined in the first Sentence of
Para. 1 above by encumbering real estate located in European states other than
those covered by Para.2 above if
1. the state is a full member of the Organisation for Economic Coopera-
tion and Development,
2. the encumbrance on land in this state is ensuring the repayment of
and payment of interest on the claims and
3. the total sum of these lendings does not exceed the liable equity of the
bausparkasse.
(3) The requirement for an encumbrance on property as security for a loan may be
waived if another form of security (Ersatzsicherheiten), adequate in amount, can be
provided.

24
(4) The requirement for an encumbrance on property as security for a loan or of
another form of security (Ersatzsicherheiten) may be waived where
1. the borrower agrees to refrain from hindering the creation of an en-
cumbrance on the property by selling or pledging the same object as
security for any other liability; or
2. because of the small loan amount, security on the bauspar loan, ac-
cording to No. 1 of Para. 1 of Article 4 does not seem to be required.
(5) The requirement for security on a loan may be waived where loans are made to
1. domestic public authorities and public law corporations;
2. the European communities, their member states or any of the contract-
ing states of the Treaty on the European Economic Area and the Euro-
pean Investment Bank;
3. regional governmental or local authorities of any member state of one
of the European communities or any of the contracting states of the
Treaty on the European Economic Area, which received a credit insti-
tution's solvency coefficient of zero according to Article 7 of the Direc-
tive of the Council from 18 December 1989;
4. other borrowers whose loans have been guaranteed by one of the
bodies mentioned in Nos. 1 through 3 above.
(6) The Federal Financial Supervisory Authority may allow loans on pledged prop-
erty outside of the states specified in Nos. 2 and 2a if the negotiated land charges
or additional security suggests that an exception is justified.
(7) The assumed lending value of the pledged object may not exceed the prop-
erty’s market value. When establishing its value for lending purposes the only fac-
tors to be taken into consideration may be the lasting qualities (value) of the
pledged object and the net earnings regularly generated to any owner when prop-
erly managed.

§8 Denial and revocation of an operating licence

(1) Except for the reasons listed in Para. 1 of Article 33 of the Credit Act, licences
to operate a bausparkasse may be denied if the General Business Principles
and/or the Standard Terms and Conditions of the Bauspar Contracts
1. suggest the possibility that the execution of bauspar contracts cannot be
fulfilled over time because the total of the contributions of individual baus-
par contracts do not exhibit an adequate correlation, with regard to the en-
tire life spans, between the performance of the bauspar customer and the
performance of the bausparkasse, or
2. stipulate savings and redemption instalments and/or other obligations
which unduly postpone the allocation of bauspar contracts or otherwise in-
adequately regard the interests of the bauspar customer.
(2) Except for the reasons mentioned in Para. 2 of Article 35 of the Credit Act, the
Federal Financial Supervisory Authority may also withdraw licences where facts
are brought to its attention that would justify the denial of licences according to
Sentence 1 above and where the interests of the bauspar customer cannot be
appropriately protected by other measures according to this law or to the Credit
Act.

§9 Modifications and amendments to the general business principles

and standard terms and conditions for bauspar contracts
(1) Modifications and amendments to the General Business Principles and the
Standard Terms and Conditions for Bauspar Contracts affecting the provisions of
Nos. 1, 2 and 4 through 9 of Paras. 2 and 3 of Article 5 as well as of the General

25
Business Principles and the Standard Terms and Conditions for Bauspar Contracts
that are to form the basis for a new bauspar tariff (Bauspartarif) require approval of
the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority; § 37 Para. 4 of the act on the admini-
stration procedure should be applied. Such approval may also be granted for exist-
ing contracts insofar as changes and amendments appear to be necessary to pro-
tect the interests of the bauspar customer in an appropriate manner. Para. 1 of
Article 8 above shall apply to the denial of licences mutatis mutandis. The Federal
Financial Supervisory Authority shall be notified of any other modifications or
amendments at least three months prior to their entry into effect.
(2) Where it appears that a bausparkasse can no longer satisfy the commitments
of the bauspar contracts, the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority may require
that the bausparkasse concerned amends its general Business Terms/Principles
and its Standard Terms and Conditions for Bauspar Contracts. Under similar condi-
tions the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority may, irrespective of the authority
accorded to it under Para. 1 of Article 46 of the Credit Act, prohibit the realisation of
new contracts by the respective bausparkasse.

§ 10 Adoption of legal regulations

In order to enable bausparkassen to meet their commitments vis-à-vis their credi-
tors, especially to protect the assets entrusted to them, and to ensure the ability of
the bausparkassen to make the payments required of the bauspar contracts as
well as to ensure an order of allocation which is as even as possible, the Federal
Minister of Finance, after having heard the opinions of the Deutsche Bundesbank
and the Federal Associations of Bausparkassen, may enact legislation concerning
1. the temporary investment of funds available for allocation which have
not yet been claimed by the bauspar customer;
2. the permissible share of large-scale bauspar contracts (bauspar con-
tracts whose contractual amount is in excess of the amount regulated
by legislation) relative to the entire unallocated contract sum of baus-
par contracts, as well as the permissible percentage of large-scale
bauspar contracts relative to all the bauspar contracts of a bauspar-
kasse which were transacted within one calendar year; for this pur-
pose, all bauspar contracts transacted by one individual within one
calendar year shall be deemed to form a single bauspar contract;
bauspar contracts shall be included in the permissible share of large-
scale bauspar contracts of those bauspar customers who have paid,
as defined by the General Business Principles, the minimum amount to
be saved within one year from the date on which the contract was
transacted;
3. the terms governing the granting of loans to finance the construction of
commercial projects and the permissible share of such loans in the to-
tal portfolio of a bausparkasse's claim; this share may not exceed three
percent;
4. the total percentage, as well as percentage to an individual commercial
enterprise, of the bausparkasse's liable equity resources to which
loans may be granted under No. 7 of Para. 1 of Article 4;
5. the permissible share of claims on loans relative to the total amount of
claims on loans requiring substitute security;
6. the amount of a loan which a bausparkasse may transact, in individual
cases, either by receiving a liability claim, or as defined by Para. 4 of
Article 7, without a liability claim, as well as the permissible share of
such loans relative to the total amount of claims on loans of a bau-
sparkasse;
7. the minimum requirements governing allocation to ensure an appropri-
ate individual bauspar customer/bausparkasse performance ratio, es-

26
 pecially the minimum amounts to be saved and the fixation of a mini-
mum valuation index;
8. the details regarding extra net earnings according to Para. 1 of Article
6 and the inclusion of such extra earnings into the technical security
reserve;
9. the conditions under which the technical security reserve, with respect
to the extra net earnings according to Para. 1 of Article 6 may be liqui-
dated, and latest date at which they must be liquidated;
10. a transitional arrangement ending 31 December 1995, governing the
simplified fixation of the minimum allocation conditions in order to en-
sure an appropriate individual bauspar customer/bausparkasse per-
formance ratio as regards bauspar tariffs offered as of 1 January 1991.
The Federal Minister of Finance shall be authorised to transfer the above authority
to the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority by way of legal decree.

§ 11 Dismissal of managers
In addition to the reasons mentioned in Article 36 of the Credit Act, the Federal
Financial Supervisory Authority may also require the dismissal of bausparkassen
managers where such managers have violated, either wilfully or neglectfully, the
provisions of this law, the legal regulations adopted in implementation of this law,
the instructions of the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority, or the provisions of
Paras. 2 and 3 of Article 5 of the General Business Principles or the Standard
Terms and Conditions for Bauspar Contracts and where such managers continue
to do so in spite of a warning issued by the Federal Financial Supervisory Author-
ity.

§ 12 Ombudsman
(1) The Federal Financial Supervisory Authority shall appoint an ombudsman to
each bausparkasse. Prior to such appointment, the bausparkasse and the compe-
tent authority where under Para. 2 of Article 3 state supervision other than by the
Federal Financial Supervisory Authority exists, must have the opportunity for a
hearing. The appointment may be cancelled at any time.
(2) The ombudsman shall ensure that the provisions of the General Business Prin-
ciples and the Standard Terms and Conditions for Bauspar Contracts governing
the allocation procedure are duly observed.
(3) The ombudsman shall be authorised to inspect the books and documents of the
bausparkasse insofar as these relate to the allocation procedure. In the event of
any dispute between the bausparkasse and the ombudsman as regards his duties,
the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority is the decision authority.
(4) The ombudsman shall inform the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority of his
findings and observations. He shall not be bound by instructions from the Federal
Financial Supervisory Authority.
(5) The ombudsman shall be paid adequate compensation by the Federal Financial
Supervisory Authority; the cost thereof shall be separately refunded by the baus-
parkasse in exercise, mutatis mutandis, of Para. 3 of Article 51 of the Credit Act.

§ 13 Special auditing duties

In the course of auditing a bausparkasse's annual financial statement, the auditors
shall be required to establish whether
1. the bauspar sums were allocated in accordance with the Standard
Terms and Conditions for Bauspar Contracts;

27
 2. the bausparkasse has complied with the provision of No. 2 of Para. 2
of Article 5 on the General Business Principles and with the provision
of No. 5 of Para 3. of Article 5 on the Standard Terms and Conditions
for Bauspar Contracts; and
3. the provisions of the legal regulations adopted according to Article 10
have been observed. The conclusions of the auditors shall be incorpo-
rated into the auditing report.

§ 14 Transfer of the contract portfolio

(1) Any contract by which a bausparkasse's portfolio of bauspar contracts, includ-
ing its accompanying assets and liabilities, is transferred to one or several other
bausparkassen, either wholly or in part, must have the approval of the Federal
Financial Supervisory Authority. Such approval shall be published by the Federal
Financial Supervisory Authority in the Federal Law Gazette (Bundesanzeiger); the
bauspar customer shall be considered notified as of the day of its publication. Upon
approval, the rights and duties of the bausparkasse and of the bauspar customer
under the bauspar contracts shall pass to the transferee bausparkasse; Article 415
of the Civil Code (BGB) shall not be applicable. Approval of transfer ay only be
denied where the transfer of the above rights and duties would jeopardise the in-
terest of the bauspar customer of either the transferring or the transferee bauspar-
kasse.
(2) Such contracts must be made in writing.

§ 15 Prohibition of payments
In the event that there is the risk that a bausparkasse cannot satisfy its obligations
and there is the need to take measures to fend off insolvency proceedings under
the Insolvency Act in the interest of the bauspar customer and of the bauspar-
kasse's other creditors, the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority may temporar-
ily prohibit payments of any kind. Under the same conditions, the Federal Financial
Supervisory Authority may agree to simplified procedures according to No. 7 of
Para. 2 of Article 5.
The rules of the insolvency act concerning the protection of payment and invest-
ment services, clearing schemes as well as securities in rem of central banks and
of financial securities apply accordingly.

§ 16 The name "Bausparkasse"

(1) Enterprises a uthorised to conduct the business of a bausparkasse shall be the
only ones permitted to use the word "Bausparkasse" or an expression in which the
word "Bausparkasse" or the prefix "Bauspar"- appears as part of their names to
designate their business purpose or to advertise the kind of services they offer.
(2) Para. 1 above shall not be applicable to enterprises using the word "Bauspar-
kasse" or the prefix "Bauspar" as part of their names in a context that rules out the
impression that they conduct the business of a bausparkasse.
(3) The provisions of Article 42 and Article 43 of the Credit Act shall apply mutatis
mutandis.

§ 17 Exemptions
Article 14 and Sentence 1 of Article 15 of this law shall not be applicable to baus-
parkassen which are subject to special governmental supervision.

28
§ 18 Provisions governing existing and new legally dependent
bausparkassen
(1) Credit institutions authorised to conduct the bauspar business on the date of
entry into effect of this law shall be deemed to possess the licence required for
conducting the class of banking business which bausparkassen are permitted to
operate as defined by Article 32 of the Credit Act. The deadline mentioned in Para.
1 of Article 35 of the Credit Act shall commence on the date on which this law en-
ters into effect.
(2) Upon the entry into effect of this law, the bausparkassen which were operated
in the legal form of Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (private limited com-
pany) may continue to operate in this legal form of organisation.
(3) Upon the entry into effect of this law, credit institutions which were authorised to
conduct the bauspar business through legally dependent business units shall be
deemed bausparkassen to the extent of such bausparkassen business. They shall
be required to administer the assets and the liabilities of their bausparkassen busi-
ness units separately from their other assets and liabilities, to draw up separate
annual financial statements of their bausparkassen operations and to publish sepa-
rate annual reports on their bausparkassen activities. The provision governing au-
dits, annual financial statements and annual reports of credit institutions shall apply
mutatis mutandis. The operating capital assigned to such bausparkassen business
units and the reserves shown in such separate annual financial statements shall be
deemed to constitute liable equity resources of a bausparkasse.
(4) Prior to the entry into effect of this law, bausparkassen which conducted busi-
ness transactions other than those permitted under Article 4 or transactions on a
wider scale than that permissible under Article 4, Article 6 and Article 7 as well as
under Article 10 of the legal regulations shall not be subject to these provisions
insofar as existing contracts are concerned. The Federal Financial Supervisory
Authority may set appropriate deadlines by which this type of transaction must be
executed.
(5) Para. 3 above shall also apply mutatis mutandis to such credit institutions which
operate the bausparkassen business through legally dependent business units
after the entry into effect of this law.

§ 19 Transitional provisions
(1) The legal provisions already in existence in the bausparkassen sector as well
as the instructions hitherto given on the basis of the present legal regulations, shall
remain in force insofar as the provisions of this law or of the Credit Act do not con-
tradict them. Legal regulations containing wider stipulations than this law in respect
to the activities of specific types of bausparkassen shall remain unaffected.
(2) (deleted)
(3) The responsibility of the federal states (Länder) for confirming the conversion
arrangement for bausparkassen which are subject to their special jurisdiction, shall
remain unchanged.
(4) At least 60 % of the surplus net earnings as defined by Para. 1 of Article 6 ac-
cruing prior to 1 January 2001 must be included into the technical security reserve.
Surplus earnings as defined by Para. 1 of Article 6, insofar as they are temporarily
unavailable for allocation, need not be included into the technical security reserve if
they are from bauspar contracts transacted before 1 January 1991.
(5) In exception to Sentence 1 of No. 6 of Para. 1 of Article 4, a bausparkasse may
own equity holdings in an enterprise exceeding one-third of the enterprise's nomi-
nal capital, if the bausparkasse legally took over or acquired such equity holdings
prior to 31 May 1990.

29
§ 20 Amendment and repeal of legal provisions
(1) The law pertaining to the supervision of private insurance companies and
bausparkassen as revised and published on 6 June 1931 (Reichsgesetzblatt* I p.
315, 750), last amended by the Authentication Act of 28 August 1969 (BGBl. I p.
1513) shall be revised as follows:
1. The words "and bausparkassen" shall be deleted from the heading.
2. Section VII and Article 133, Para. 2 of Article 135, Article 136, Para. 2 of
Article 146, Para. 2 of Article 151, Para. 1 and the final half-Sentence of
Para. 2 in Article 158 shall be repealed.
3. In Para. 1 of Article 134, the words "or a bausparkasse" and the words "or
the holding(s) of bauspar contracts" shall be deleted and the reference
contained in brackets, namely "Articles 14, 112" shall be replaced by the
reference "Article 14".
4. In Para. 4 of Article 137 the words "or the bausparkasse" shall be deleted.
5. a) In Article 140 the words "or a bausparkasse" shall be deleted in Para 1.
b) In Para. 2, the words "or a bauspar contract" shall be deleted and the
words "such contracts" shall be replaced by the words "of any such con-
tract".
6. In Para. 1 of Article 141, the words "or the members of the managing
board, personally liable shareholders, managers or liquidators of a baus-
parkasse" shall be deleted.
a) In Sentence 1 of Article 150, the words "insurance and bausparkassen"
shall be replaced by the word "insurance".
b) In Sentence 2 of Article 150, the words "insofar as bausparkassen are
concerned, the advisory council for bausparkassen" shall be deleted.
7. In Sentence 2 of Article 152 and in Article 156 the words "and bausparkas-
sen" shall be deleted.
(2) The law pertaining to the establishment of a Federal Supervisory Office for In-
surance and Bausparkassen of 31 July 1951 (BGBl. I, p. 480), which was revised
by the law to amend the law pertaining to the establishment of a Federal Supervi-
sory Office for Insurance and Bausparkassen of 22 December 1954 (BGBl. I, p.
501), and the First, Second and Third Implementation Regulations pertaining to
this law (BGBl. I 1952 p. 94, 610 and 1953 p. 75) shall be amended as follows:
1. The words "Insurance and Bausparkassen" shall be replaced by the word
"Insurance" in the heading of the law and in the heading of the implemen-
tation regulations, in Sentence 1 of Article 1, in No. 7 of Article 8 and in
Sentence 1 of Article 10a of the law, in the introduction to the First, Second
and Third Implementation Regulations and in Article 1 of the First and
Second Implementation Regulations.
2. The words "and bausparkassen" shall be deleted in Sentence 1 of Article
1, Article 6, the first half-Sentence of Article 8 and Para. 2 of Article 10 of
the law and in Article 3 and Para. 1 of Article 4 of the First Implementation
Regulations.
3. The reference "12" and the words "and bausparkassen" in Article 2 will be
deleted in the Third Implementation Regulations.
4. Para 2. of Article 2 of the law, Para. 3 and Para. 4 of Article 3 and Sen-
tence 2 in Para. 2 of Article 10 of the Third Implementation Regulations
shall be repealed.
5. The words "and the advisory council for bausparkassen" shall be deleted in
Article 8 of the First Implementation Regulations.

30
(3) The words "and bausparkassen" shall be deleted in Para. 1 of Article 112 in the
Law on Composition Proceedings of 26 February 1935 (Reichsgesetzblatt I, p.
321), last revised by the law to amend the Court Registrars Act, the Authentication
Act and the transformation of the oath of disclosure into an affirmation in lieu of
oath of 27 June 1970 (BGBl. I, p. 911) and the words "or the Bausparkassen Act of
16 November 1972 (BGBl. I, p. 2097) shall be inserted after the reference to
"Reichsgesetzblatt I, p. 315, 750".
(4) The Credit Act shall be amended as follows:
1. No. 6 in Para. 1 of Article 2 shall be repealed.
2. No. 2 of Article 3 shall be worded as follows: "2. The acceptance of sums
of money, if the majority of the money lenders are entitled to be granted
loans from these sums of money or objects purchased on credit (special
purpose savings institutions); this shall not apply to bausparkassen".
3. After Article 22, the following provision shall be inserted as Article 22a: "Ar-
ticle 22a Bauspar Deposits Articles 21 and 22 shall not apply to bauspar
deposits".
4. Para. 2 of Article 40 shall be revised as follows: "(2) Credit institutions
within the meaning of Article 1 of the Bausparkassen Act of 16 November
1972 (BGBl. I, p. 2097) may use the designation "bausparkasse", regis-
tered cooperatives belonging to an auditing association may use the des-
ignation "savings and loan banks"."
5. The following provision shall be inserted as Article 52a after Article 52: "Ar-
ticle 52a Forms for the Annual Financial Statements of Public Credit Insti-
tutions. The Federal Minister of Justice is empowered, in agreement with
the Federal Minister of Economics, to prescribe the preparation of the an-
nual financial statements of public credit institutions through regulations
and to issue any other regulations for the organisation of such annual fi-
nancial statements insofar as this is required in order to harmonise the
structure of the annual financial statements of these credit institutions to
the prescribed organisation of the annual financial statements of other
credit institutions."
(5) Chapter V of the First Part of the Regulations issued by the Reich president on
measures in the areas of the judicature and administration of 14 June 1932
(Reichsgesetzblatt I, pp. 385, 288), the implementation and amendment regula-
tions on the simplified handling of bauspar contracts of June 1953 (Reichsgesetz-
blatt I, p. 372) and the Second Implementation and Amendment Regulations on the
simplified handling of bauspar contracts of 7 September 1934 (Reichsgesetzblatt I,
p. 827) shall not be applied to any bauspar contracts which are concluded after this
law takes effect.

§ 21 Effective date

31
Regulation to Protect the Creditors of Bausparkassen
(Bausparkassen Regulation)

of 19 December 1990 as revised together with the amendments due to the Regula-
tion for a revision of the Bausparkassen Regulation dated 17 November 1998
(BGBl. I p. 3428), the second Regulation for a revision of the Bausparkassen
Regulation dated 2 Dezember 1999 (BGBl. I p. 2394) which came into force on 3
December 1999, Article 3 Para. 16 of the law which came into force on 1 January
2002 on the revision of the Insurance Supervision Act and the implementation of
Directive 98/78/EC of 27 October 1998 supplementary supervision of insurance
undertakings in an insurance group as well as the rules concerning the euro cur-
rency transition of 21 December 2000 (BGBl. I p. 1857)
Due to § 10 of the Bausparkassen Act of 16 November 1972 (BGBl. I pp. 2097),
which has been amended by Article 1 Nr. 10 of the law of 13 Dezember 1990
(BGBl. I p. 2770), in connection with § 1 of the Regulation to transfer the compe-
tence to issue regulations according to § 10 sentence 1 of the Bausparkassen Act
towards the Federal Banking Supervisory Authority of 8 January 1973 (BGBl. I S.
17), the Federal Banking Supervisory Authority having heard the Federal Central
Bank and the Bausparkassen head organisations orders hereby:

§1 Granting of anticipatory and intermediate loans from allocation

funds
(1) The amounts accumulated for the allocation and already allocated, but not yet
transferred amounts to the bauspar customers can be used preliminary up to 70 %
for granting a loan according to § 4 Para. 1 Nr. 1 of the Bausparkassen Act. Antici-
patory loans within the framework of bauspar contracts not eligible for allocation
because the minimum saving requirement has not been fulfilled shall not exceed
25 % of the loan volume permitted according to Sentence 1 above.
(2) Fifty percent of such legally committed credit shall, in each case, be accounted
against the loan quotas permitted according to Sentence 1 above.
(3) The presumed term permitted for the loans according to Paras. 1 and 2 above
shall not exceed 48 months. Loans with a presumed term of over 36 months shall
not be permitted to exceed 25 % of the quota mentioned in Sentence 1 of Para. 1
above.
(4) The Federal Financial Supervisory Authority shall, in individual cases, be per-
mitted upon request to grant exemptions in respect of the provisions of Paras. 1 to
3.

§2 Large-scale bauspar contracts

(1) Bauspar contracts involving a bauspar sum of over € 225,000 shall be deemed
to represent large-scale bauspar contracts. The bauspar contracts concluded with
an individual bauspar customer in the course of one calendar year shall be
deemed to represent one contract.
(2) The share of the unallocated large-scale bauspar contracts in the total stock of
unallocated bauspar contracts of a bausparkasse shall not be permitted to exceed
15 %.
(3) The share of large-scale bauspar contracts, concluded within one calendar
year, in the total bauspar sum contractually agreed upon by a bausparkasse in the
course of the respective calendar year shall not be permitted to exceed 30 %.

32
(4) The shares of bauspar contracts which bauspar customers have paid up within
the first year from the date of contract conclusion the full minimum saving balance
necessary for allocation shall be permitted according to Paras. 2 and 3 above.

§3 Financing of commercial buildings

The share of the loans granted to finance construction projects of a commercial
character shall not be in excess of 3 % of the total stock of the claims arising to a
bausparkasse from the loans it has granted.

§4 Loans to institutional investors

(1) Loans according to No. 7 of Para. 1 of Article 4 of the Bausparkassen Act shall
not be permitted to exceed 60 % of the bausparkasse's liable equity resources.
(2) A bausparkasse shall be permitted to grant loans to a single enterprise in which
it owns a financial interest of the kind mentioned in Para. 1 above up to 20 % of its
liable equity resources.

§5 Alternative security
The share of the loans, for which alternative security is provided, in the total stock
of the claims arising from the loans of a bausparkasse shall not be permitted to
exceed 25 %.

§6 Loans against formal obligations, loans without security

(1) In individual cases, bauspar loans not exceeding € 15,000 may, according to
No. 1 of Para. 4 of Article 7 of the Bausparkassen Act, be granted against a formal
obligation not to impede collateralisation, and bauspar loans requiring no security
to be provided according to No. 2 of Para. 4 of Article 7 of the Bausparkassen Act
shall not exceed € 10,000 in any one lending case. In individual cases, other loans
not exceeding € 10,000 may, according to No. 1 of Para. 4 of Article 7 of the Baus-
parkassen Act, be granted against a formal obligation not to impede collateralisa-
tion, and other loans requiring no security to be provided according to No. 2 of
Para. 4 of Article 7 of the Bausparkassen Act shall not exceed € 5,000 in any one
lending case.
(2) The share of all uncollateralised loans specified in Para. 1 above, shall not be
permitted to be in excess of 30 %, the share of all uncollateralised loans granted
according to Para. 1 above shall not be permitted to exceed 20 % and the share of
loans pursuant to the second half of Sentence 2 in Para. 1 shall not be permitted to
exceed 5% of the total stock of claims arising from loans granted by a bauspar-
kasse.

§ 6a Limitation of loans pursuant to Para. 1 in Articles 5 and 6

The share of all loans specified in Para. 1 of Articles 5 and 6 shall not exceed a
total of 45% of the total stock of claims arising from loans granted by a bauspar-
kasse.

§7 Preconditions for allocation

(1) The Standard Terms and Conditions for bauspar contracts shall include mini-
mum valuation indices or other appropriate preconditions for allocation that will
permanently result in a collective bauspar saver/bausparkasse performance ratio
of at least 1.0.
(2) The individual bauspar customer/bausparkasse performance ratio shall, subject
to Para. 3 and 4 below, be at least 0.5 upon the date of allocation. Moreover,
where by the launching of new bauspar tariffs, or new elements thereof, it is im-
possible to derive conclusions from experience gained with comparable tariffs as to

33
the height of the factors presumed to reduce the waiting period, the individual
bauspar customer/bausparkasse performance ratio shall be at least 0.7 on the date
of allocation provided that the minimum saving balance was fully paid on the date
of contract conclusion.
(3) The preconditions for allocation may be fixed in divergence to the provisions of
Para. 2 above provided that a collective bauspar customer/bausparkasse perform-
ance ratio of at least 1.0 appears to be permanently guaranteed in respect of the
bauspar tariffs covered by an allocation fund.
(4) Where the preconditions for allocation do not permanently lead to a collective
bauspar customer/bausparkasse performance ratio of at least 1.0, or if inappropri-
ately high values result, not only of a temporary nature for the bauspar cus-
tomer/bausparkasse performance ratio, the bausparkasse shall be required to ad-
just its preconditions for allocation without delay.
(5) Upon application in special cases, the Federal Supervisory Office shall be able
to permit exceptions to the upper ceiling of the collective bauspar cus-
tomer/bausparkasse performance ratio.
(6) The values for the collective bauspar customer/ bausparkasse performance
ratio must be verifiably submitted to the Federal Supervisory Office on an annual
basis.

§8 Transfers to the technical security reserve

(1) Transfers to the technical security reserve shall be made at the end of any one
business year and shall be calculated from the monies that can temporarily not be
allocated according to Sentence 2 of Para. 1 of Article 6 of the Bausparkassen Act
(fluctuation reserve) on the dates on which the preceding year's funds available for
allocation are established. The amounts available for transfer shall be calculated
from six tenth of the relevant assets of the upper use valuation index, multiplied
with the difference from the rate of interest payable outside the collective and the
rate of interest payable within the collective.
(2) The rate of interest payable outside the collective shall be calculated either on
the basis of the interest a bausparkasse earns from investments according to Para.
3 of Article 4 of the Bausparkassen Act and from granting anticipatory and inter-
mediate loans, according to No. 1 of Para. 1 of Article 4 on the Bausparkassen Act
or on the basis of the yield, ascertained and promulgated by the Deutsche Bundes-
bank, of fully-taxed fixed-interest securities. The rate of interest payable within the
collective shall be deemed to be the interest rate payable on bauspar loans
weighted by the sum unallocated bauspar contracts.

§9 Use of technical security reserve

(1) The technical security reserve shall be used, insofar as it is impossible to main-
tain allocation on the basis of a target valuation index which, in the absence of
money transfer from outside the collective to the allocation fund (upper use valua-
tion index), leads to an individual bauspar customer/bausparkasse performance
ratio of 1.0 for bauspar customers making regular payments. A uniform upper use
valuation index to be mentioned in the General Business Principles shall be appli-
cable to all bauspar tariffs covered by the same allocation fund; this index shall be
ascertained according to the Standard Terms and Conditions for Bauspar Con-
tracts for the bauspar tariff which records the largest sum percentage in the stock
of unallocated contracts.
(2) The technical reserve may be used insofar as the individual bauspar cus-
tomer/bausparkasse performance ratio ascertained according to Para. 1 above
would exceed 0.8 (lower use valuation index).
(3) Subject to approval by the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority, the techni-
cal reserve may be used before the lower use valuation index has been reached

34
insofar as this is necessary in the interest of controlling any immediate risk to the
maintenance of the bausparkasse's permanent allocation capability.
(4) The bausparkasse shall be permitted to take from the reserve such amounts of
money as would arise when charging a rate of interest on the monies from outside
the collective that are added to the allocation fund which corresponds to the differ-
ence between the annual percentage rate of interest on the monies from outside
the collective added to the allocation fund and the rate of interest payable within
the collective (Para. 2 of Article 8).
(5) If a bausparkasse dissolves during the fiscal year a part of the allocation re-
serve fund which reduces the taxable profit, it can withdraw from this allocation
reserve fund an amount up to four tenth of the dissolved part.

§ 10 Transitional regulations
In derogation of Article 7, it shall be permissible to incorporate preconditions for
allocation into the standard tariffs on offer from 1 January 1991 involving a mini-
mum saving balance of 40 % and a monthly rate of redemption of 6 per mil of the
bauspar sum, which means a minimum waiting period of 45 months where the
minimum saving balance is deposited in a single instalment; in respect of all the
other bauspar tariffs, an individual bauspar customer/bausparkasse performance
ratio of 0.5 shall be required. Evidence of collectively balanced performance ratios
shall be supplied (according to Paras. 1 and 4 of Article 7) before 1 January 1996.

§ 12 Entry into effect, annulment

35