Arrieta, Lai-chi V.

30.2-2 Forces in a Centrifuge

GIVEN:
N = 2000 rev/min
REQUIRED:
𝐹
a.) r @ 𝐹𝐶 = 455 𝑔′ 𝑠
𝑔
𝐹
b.) r @ 𝐹𝐶 = 4(455 𝑔′ 𝑠)
𝑔
SOLUTION:
a.
𝐹𝐶
= 0.001118𝑟𝑁 2
𝐹𝑔
455 𝑔′ 𝑠 = 0.001118𝑟(2000)𝟐
𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟕 𝒎
b.
𝐹𝐶
= 0.001118𝑟𝑁 2
𝐹𝑔
4 ∗ 455 𝑔′ 𝑠 = 0.001118𝑟(2000)𝟐
𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝟕𝟎 𝒎
Arrieta, Lai-chi V.

30.2-4 Centrifuging to Remove Food Particles

GIVEN:
Dp = 5 x 10-2 mm
ρp = 1050 kg/m3
ρsol = 1000 kg/m3
μ = 1.2 x 10-3 Pa · s
N = 3000 rev/min
Bowl dimensions:
b = 100.1 mm
r1 = 5.00 mm
r2 = 30.0 mm
REQUIRED:
q
SOLUTION:
𝜔2 (𝜌𝑝 − 𝜌)𝐷𝑝2
𝑞= 𝑟2 [𝜋𝑏(𝑟22 − 𝑟12 )]
18𝜇 ln (𝑟 )
1
Solving for 𝜔:
𝑟𝑒𝑣
2𝜋𝑁 2𝜋 (3000 min)
𝜔= =
60 60
𝜔 = 100𝜋
Substituting known values:
2
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 1𝑚 2 2
(100𝜋)2 (1050 3 − 1000 3 ) [5 𝑥 10−2 𝑚𝑚 ( )] 100.1 𝑚𝑚 30 𝑚𝑚 30 𝑚𝑚
𝑚 𝑚 1000 𝑚𝑚
𝑞= {𝜋 ( ) [( ) −( ) ]}
30 1000 𝑚𝑚 1000 𝑚𝑚 1000 𝑚𝑚
18(1.2 𝑥 10−3 𝑃𝑎 ∙ 𝑠) ln ( )
5 1𝑚 1𝑚 1𝑚
𝒎𝟑
𝒒 = 𝟖. 𝟕𝟕 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓
𝒔
Arrieta, Lai-chi V.

30.2-7 Scale-up and Σ values of Centrifuges

GIVEN:
a. ρp = 1461 kg/m3 b. r2 = 0.0445 m
ρ = 801 kg/m3 r1 = 0.01432 m
μ = 100 cP b = 0.394 m
r2 = 0.02225 m N = 2600 rev/min
r1 = 0.00716 m
b = 0.1970 m
N = 23000 rev/min
q = 0.002832 m3/h
REQUIRED:
a. Σ
b. Σ and q2
SOLUTION:
a.
Solving for 𝜔:
𝑟𝑒𝑣
2𝜋𝑁 2𝜋 (23 000 min) 2300
𝜔= = = 𝜋
60 60 3
Solving for Σ:
𝜔2 [𝜋𝑏(𝑟22 − 𝑟12 )]
Σ=
2𝑟2
2𝑔 ln [ ]
(𝑟1 + 𝑟2 )
2300 2
( 𝜋) [𝜋(0.1970)(0.022252 − 0.007162 )]𝑚3
Σ= 3
𝑚 2(0.02225 𝑚)
2 (9.81 2 ) ln [ ]
𝑠 (0.00716 𝑚 + 0.02225 𝑚)
Σ1 = 196.088 𝑚2
b.
Solving for 𝜔:
𝑟𝑒𝑣
2𝜋𝑁 2𝜋 (2600 min) 260
𝜔= = = 𝜋
60 60 3
Solving for Σ:
𝜔2 [𝜋𝑏(𝑟22 − 𝑟12 )]
Σ=
2𝑟2
2𝑔 ln [ ]
(𝑟1 + 𝑟2 )
260 2
(𝜋) [𝜋(0.394)(0.04452 − 0.014322 )]𝑚3
Σ= 3
𝑚 2(0.0445 𝑚)
2 (9.81 2 ) ln [ ]
𝑠 (0.01432 𝑚 + 0.0445 𝑚)
2
Σ2 = 20.0462 𝑚
Scale-up:
𝑞1 𝑞2
=
Σ1 Σ2
𝑚3 2
𝑞1 Σ2 0.002832 ℎ (20.0462 𝑚 )
𝑞2 = =
Σ1 196.088 𝑚2
𝑚3
𝑞2 = 0.0002895
ℎ
Arrieta, Lai-chi V.

1. What are the zones that will form in a laboratory-scale batch sedimentation test?
The zones that form in a laboratory-scale batch sedimentation test are zone setting, the
clarified zone, transition zone, and the compression zone.
At the topmost part of a glass cylinder with a slurry inside is the clarified zone where the
clarified liquid is found. Below the clarified zone is the zone settling or the thickening zone where
particles will start to settle but the concentration of the slurry is uniform. Below the thickening
zone is the transition zone the concentration of the slurry varies significantly. Lastly, at the bottom
is the compression zone where the sludge accumulates.
The four zones are present when settling is taking place but when most of the settling is
done, there would be only three zones present. namely, the clarified zone, the thickening zone
and the compression zone.

2. When is the critical point in batch settling?

The critical point in batch settling is the thickening zone disappears and only two zones
will be left, the clarified liquid zone and the compression zone. At this time, the compression
zone height will continue to decrease as all the particles will settle though hindered settling and
the clarified zone will continue to increase.

3. How do you determine the settling velocity and the average concentration of suspension at
one point in time during the settling of particles in the batch settling test? Show the relevant
equations.
Batch settling tests present data as a plot of the interface height vs. time of settling
(Figure 1). Using this, drawing a tangent line to the curve at a given time t and solving for its
slope will give the settling velocity at time t.

Solving for the settling velocity at any

time t:
𝑧𝑖 − 𝑧1
𝑣1 =
𝑡1 − 0

zi Solving for the average concentration of

suspension at time t:
𝑧0
𝑐1 = ( ) 𝑐0
z1 𝑧𝑖
where,

zo = initial height of the slurry

before settling occurs
t1 c0 = initial concentration of slurry